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Narrative Review: Factors Associated with the Sexually TransmittedInfections (STIs) Among Tugboat Crews in the Mahakam River Wardani, Nunuk Kusuma; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Azmiardi, Akhmad
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a persistent global health concern, particularly among maritime workers such as tugboat crews. Prolonged sailing periods, limited healthcare access, and high-risk sexual behavior increase their vulnerability to infection. This narrative review aims to summarize key determinants influencing STI risks and prevention behaviors among tugboat crews in the Mahakam River area. Objective : This review seeks to identify and analyze the main determinants related to STI occurrence among tugboat crews, focusing on individual, social, and environmental aspects. The objectives include describing individual factors such as knowledge, attitude, and sexual behavior; exploring social and environmental determinants like social support, access to health services, and working conditions; and synthesizing evidence-based recommendations for strengthening STI prevention programs among maritime workers. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : Articles published between 2019 and 2025 were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords related to STIs, sailors, fishermen, and port workers. Thirty eligible studies in English were analyzed narratively to identify consistent determinants influencing STI prevention and risk. Results : The review revealed that low sexual health knowledge, negative attitudes toward STI prevention, and risky sexual behaviors are the dominant contributing factors. Additional barriers include stigma, cultural norms restricting sexual health discussion, and limited routine health screening among seafarers. These conditions increase vulnerability to STIs and hinder prevention efforts. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Tugboat crews on the Mahakam River face elevated risks of STIs due to behavioral, social, and structural challenges. Integrated approaches involving education, access to health services, and supportive policies are essential for effective STI prevention. This review provides evidence to guide targeted interventions and policy development in maritime health programs.
The Relationship between Anxiety Symptoms and Smoking AmongAdolescents in Samarinda Insany, Vicca Yulia; Ningsih, Riyan; Azmiardi, Akhmad
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Adolescents are a vulnerable population for both anxiety disorders and health risk behaviors such as smoking, including the use of electronic cigarettes. Anxiety symptoms in adolescents are thought to contribute to earlier smoking initiation. Objective : This study aimed to examine the relationship between anxiety symptoms and smoking behavior among adolescents in Samarinda Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted in the working area of Baqa Primary Healthcare Center, Samarinda, in 2025. A total of 212 senior high school students were selected using a total sampling technique. Smoking behavior data were collected using a smoking behavior screening questionnaire. Anxiety symptoms were measured using the Mini MINDHEAR Youth Scale V.1 (anxiety subscore). Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test Results : Most respondents were aged 15 to 17 years. Among the smokers, 40 participants were male (81%) and 9 were female (19%); 29 respondents (59%) reported smoking conventional tobacco cigarettes, while 20 respondents (40%) used electronic cigarettes. The proportion of smoking (tobacco/e-cigarettes) among respondents with anxiety symptoms was 33.9%, compared to 19.2% among those without anxiety symptoms. There was a statistically significant association between anxiety symptoms and smoking behavior (p = 0.025; PR = 2.157; 95 percent CI = 1.091–4.264). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : There is a significant relationship between anxiety symptoms and smoking behavior among students. These findings highlight the importance of mental health screening and intervention within School Health Programs (UKS), Adolescent Integrated Community Health (Posyandu Remaja), and Smoking Cessation Program (UBM
Analysis of Hypertension, Smoking, Family History, and Obesity as Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease at the Kesdim Military Hospital Samarinda Kurnia, Intan; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Azmiardi, Akhmad
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Stunting remains a significant chronic nutritional problem in Indonesia, particularly among children born to adolescent mothers. These young mothers often face limitations in nutritional knowledge, lower health literacy, and suboptimal reproductive preparedness, which collectively increase the risk of stunting in their children. Objective : This study aimed to conduct a review to determine the association between adolescent mothers’ nutritional knowledge and the incidence of stunting in toddlers, and to identify the contributing factors. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This was a systematic review conducting following the PRISMA guidelines and utilizing the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework. Articles were collected through searching the Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Crossref databases for studies up to October 2025. Two reviewers independently screened and included full- text article that examined Mothers Knowledge and stunting, focusing on the concept of knowledge, adolescent mother, and stunting. Results : A review included five articles. Adolescent mothers’ knowledge had a significant association with the incidence of stunting. This association was often strengthened by confounding factors such as socio-economic status, low education levels, limited access to healthcare services, and inadequate childcare practices. Several studies found that improving maternal nutritional literacy and initiating early prenatal care can effectively reduce the risk of stunting in children. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Low nutritional knowledge among adolescent mothers is confirmed as an important determinant of stunting in toddlers. Intervention efforts need to be focused on enhancing the education and nutritional literacy of adolescent girls through structured programs, including school-based education, adolescent mother classes in community health centers (Puskesmas), and targeted community campaigns. The integrated approach is crucial to break the intergenerational cycle of stunting and foster the development of quality human resources.
Gambaran Realisasi Belanja Dana BOK Puskesmas Air Putih Kota Samarinda: Tinjauan Efektivitas dan Pemanfaatan Anggaran-- (Analysis of the Health Operational Assistance (BOK) Fund Realization at Puskesmas Air Putih, Samarinda : An Evaluation of Effectivene Syawalia, Zheditya Ayu; Adrianto, Ratno; Azmiardi, Akhmad
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background :Health is a fundamental right guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and has become a national development priority under the 2020–2024 (RPJMN). One of the government’s key health financing policies to strengthen primary health services is the Health Operational Assistance Fund (BOK) Objective :To provide a quantitative overview of the expenditure realization of the BOK Fund at Puskesmas Air Putih Samarinda in 2024 and to evaluate the effectiveness and utilization of the budget based on the principles of effectiveness, efficiency, transparency, and accountability as stipulated in the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 18/2024. The study employed a descriptive method with secondary data analysis sourced from BOK financial realization reports for 2022–2024 Research Methods/ Implementation Methods :The study employed a descriptive method with secondary data analysis sourced from BOK financial realization reports for 2022–2024 Results :The findings show the average realization rate of the BOK budget over the past three years reached 88.9%, with a decline in 2024 to 82%, despite a significant increase in the total allocation. The pattern of fund absorption was uneven, with most expenditures occurring in the fourth quarter. Analysis based on George R. Terry’s (1972) POAC theory (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling) identified issues in data-based planning, suboptimal intersectoral organization, inconsistent implementation, and reactive supervision Conclusion :The effectiveness of BOK management is influenced by misalignment among managerial functions; therefore, strengthening performance-based planning and monitoring is required to support the transformation of primary health services at the Puskesmas
Description of Knowledge, Behavior, and Environment With the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Children Under Five Years at Puskesmas Trauma Center Shinta, Amara Wahyu Febrianshinta; Akhmad Azmiardi; Sylvia Gusrina
Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher : Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/0dbsn988

Abstract

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) remain one of the leading causes of illness in children under five years of age, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. However, few studies have examined how parents' knowledge, behavior, and environmental factors together influence the occurrence of ARI. This study used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach, conducted at the Puskesmas Trauma Center in Samarinda from June to July 2025. Thirty-one parents of children under five years of age diagnosed with ARI were selected through accidental sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The results showed that most respondents had good knowledge about ARI prevention, but their preventive behaviors were inconsistent, such as exposure to secondhand smoke and the use of masks. Environmental risks such as household waste burning and indoor air pollution were still commonly found. These findings indicate that having good knowledge alone is not sufficient to reduce ARI cases without behavioral changes and support from the environment. This study highlights the importance of integrated public health education and environmental interventions to effectively prevent ARI in children under five years of age.
Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Across Age Groups in Urban Indonesia: A WHO STEPS-Based Study Muh. Amri Arfandi; Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki; Azka, Arlina; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Siswanto, Siswanto; Risva, Risva; Azmiardi, Akhmad
Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher : Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/2h9dbt57

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major public health concern, with risk factors increasingly observed among younger populations. To describe and compare behavioral and biological NCD risk factors among adolescents (15–19 years), young adults (20–24 years), and adults (25–59 years) in Samarinda, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 242 respondents using the WHO STEPS questionnaire, covering behavioral factors (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, diet) and biological factors (BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol). Smoking was highest among young adults (22.2%) versus adolescents (9.3%) and adults (17.7%). Adolescents reported relatively higher alcohol use (12.4%). Young adults showed more sedentary behavior (40%). Fruit consumption was inadequate across all groups. Overweight/obesity prevalence increased with age: adolescents (19.4%), young adults (24.4%), adults (54.4%). Adults showed higher hypertension (44.1%) and high cholesterol (35.3%). Behavioral risks emerge during adolescence, while biological risks accumulate with age. Early prevention targeting youth through community-based education and health monitoring is essential.
Factors Influencing Compliance with Iron Supplementation Among Female Adolescents in Senior High Schools, Samarinda City, 2025 Indriani, Dilla C; Ramadhani, Reza W; Nurlela, Siti; Irirwanas, Intannia D; Zakki Saefurrohim, Muhamad; Azmiardi, Akhmad; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Siswanto, Siswanto; Arfandi, Muh. Amri; Risva, Risva
Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher : Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/kzn7n063

Abstract

Anemia in adolescent girls is a significant health problem due to increased iron requirements during puberty. Iron supplements are an important intervention, but previous studies have shown that 58.4% of adolescent girls have low compliance rates. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge and attitudes toward iron supplement consumption among high school students in Samarinda City. This study used a cross-sectional design involving 466 respondents from three secondary schools. Data were collected through an online questionnaire covering knowledge, attitude, and TTD consumption variables. Results showed that 47.2% of respondents had very good knowledge and 90.3% had a positive attitude. Bivariate analysis showed no significant relationship between knowledge and TTD consumption (OR = 1.039; 95% CI: 0.680–1.587; p = 0.860). Conversely, attitude showed a significant relationship, where students with negative attitudes were less likely to consume TTD (OR = 1.613; 95% CI: 1.052–2.471; p = 0.028). These findings indicate that attitude has a greater influence than knowledge in promoting TTD consumption behavior. Interventions to improve TTD consumption compliance should focus on fostering positive attitudes among adolescent girls.
Understanding Toxoplasmosis in Reproductive-Age Women: Determinants of Infection and Evidence-Based Mitigation Approaches Azka, Arlina; Soviadi, Nabila Vebiana; Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki; Azmiardi, Akhmad; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Siswanto; Arfandi, Muh. Amri; Risva
Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher : Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/e53f1q84

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis remains a persistent public health concern among women of reproductive age due to the risk of congenital transmission and severe fetal outcomes. This narrative review aimed to synthesize recent evidence on infection determinants and evaluate evidence-based strategies to mitigate risks, addressing persistent gaps in awareness and intervention efficacy. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted for studies published between 2016 and 2025. The findings reveal substantial geographic variation in seroprevalence, influenced by environmental conditions, cultural practices, and socioeconomic disparities. Higher infection rates were consistently reported among older, multiparous, rural, and less-educated women. Key risk factors included consumption of contaminated water, undercooked meat, and poor hygiene practices, while associations with cat ownership were inconsistent. Overall, knowledge and awareness of toxoplasmosis were low among women and healthcare providers. Although educational interventions and antenatal screening demonstrated potential benefits, their effectiveness remains insufficiently evaluated. Integrated, context-specific prevention strategies are urgently needed to reduce infection risk and prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.
Co-Authors -, Ardyasih - Abrori, Abrori Adi Saputro, Endri Aditya, Mifta Adrianto, Ratno Agustina, Elvi Ahmad Zamani, Ahmad Al-Ayubi, Moch Thoriq Assegaf Anamnart, Witthaya Anasulfalah, Hakim Anjani, Aiko Nurrahma Anom Dwi Prakoso Aqsyari, Rizki Ardia Pramesti, Risa Ardiansyah, Andika Nicholas Iqbal Arfandi, Muh. Amri Arifah Chofsoh, Salma Arlina Azka Asrianti, Tanti Atmojo, Joko Tri Aulia, Hanifah Dina Auraldi Nansurya, Alga Ayu Anulus Aziz, Rusna Azizah Baehaqi Baiq Santi Rengganis Bakhtiar, Rahmat Baruni, Amandha Basrowi, Ray Wagiu Bekti Sayekti , Muna Bhisma Murti Blego Sedionoto, Blego Budi Rahardjo Budi Rahardjo Budi Utomo Cahyana, Yudi Jaya Dara Fitri Andrian Daryanto Daryanto Dewi Lieskusumastuti, Anita Dewi Puspito Sari Dewi Puspito Sari Dewi Puspito Sari, Dewi Puspito Dian setyaningsih Didik Tamtomo, Didik Dina Irawati Dodiet Aditya Setyawan Dwi Lestari Eri Pramuja, Wanda Ernawati, Heni Ester Kristian Pamurti Febri Susanti, Rinandita Gabriela Advitri Febriani Hanif, Ihsan Hanifah Dina Aulia Hanifah, Lilik Haryanti, Titik - Henda Ardiani, Intan Hendra Dwi Kurniawan, Hendra Dwi Herliani, Resda Hidayati, Anisa Husna, Gusti Nurul Ihdina Fityatal Hasanah, Yesi Iik Sartika Ika Yuli Ayuningrum Indah Wulandari, Dwi Indarto Indarto Indriani, Dilla C Insany, Vicca Yulia Intan Kurnia, Intan Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki Irirwanas, Intannia D Iriyani, Iriyani Ismail, Aem Iswahyuni, Sri Joko Triwibowo, Joko Joko Yulianto, Dwi K., Iriyani Karmadi, Karmadi Khansa Azizah, Fara Kuntari, Saras Kurniasih, Hefi Lestari, Ida Ayu Indira Dwika M Taufik Maharani, Siti Malikha Zalzabila Maratul Munawar, Siti Miranda Juandrina, Shella Mirsanti, Faradilla Mirshanti, Farahdila Mochamad Makin, Mochamad Mubarok, Ahmad Syauqi Muh. Amri Arfandi Muhammad Zakki Saefurrohim Nabila Vebiana Soviadi Ningrum, Vallina Laurensia Indika Noerlita Ningrum, Andriani Noorhayaty, Noorhayaty Novitasari, Meliana Nozomi, Alwan Zakki Nuning Nuning Nur Fauziah, Ani Nur Rokhmatun, Puji Nurhayati, Isnani Nurrochim, Nurrochim Pakki, Irfan Baharuddin Pamowa, Agustina Simanangi Permata Fitrianisa, Salsayabila Pradana Putri, Anggie Pradana, Anggie Prasetya, Hanung Puji Lestari, Apriliani Puspitasary, Kiki Puspitasary, Kiky Rahayu, Anisa Rahma Widyaningrum, Nova Ramadhani, Reza W Rasyid Ridha, Achmad Ratih Puspita Febrinasari Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Rejo, Rejo Reza Kurnia, Febria Risva Risva Risva Riyan Ningsih Rohmi, Rohmi Roma Yuliana Ruqayyah, Siti S Siswanto Sabngatun, Sabngatun Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki Sayekti Heni Sunaryanti, Sri Sekar Wijayanti , Nia Septiana, Lisa Setiawan Manurung, Budi Setyorini, Catur Shinta, Amara Wahyu Febrianshinta Sigit, Ratih Fianni Silitonga, Hesty Erika Sindi Wardani, Galuh Siswanto Siti Lutfiyah Ulfa Siti Maesaroh SITI MARIA ULFA siti nurlela Solly Aryza Suci Susilastuti , Mustika Suciyati Suciyati, Suciyati Sudiro Sudiro Sumardiyono Sumardiyono Suryono Suryono Syauqi Mubarok, Ahmad Syawalia, Zheditya Ayu Sylvia Gusrina Titik Haryanti Tri Atmojo, Joko Tri Darmayanti, Aquartuti Tri Handayani, Rina Tri Yuniarti, Tri Utami, Dian Margi Verasita, Prissy Verry Asfirizal Wardani, Nunuk Kusuma Widiyanto, Aris Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani, Ratih Yadi, Yadi Zainafree , Intan Zakki Saefurrohim, Muhamad