Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Analysis of Factors Related to Employee Satisfaction at Rural HealthCenters in Samarinda Astuti, Ashri Budi; Adrianto, Ratno; pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background : Job satisfaction is an important goal in Human Resources management because it directly and indirectly impacts work productivity. Employee job satisfaction directly impacts organizational commitment, where employees who are satisfied with their work, colleagues, pay, and superiors are more likely to be highly dedicated to the organization Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to employee job satisfaction at Rural Community Health Centers in Samarinda. The research method used was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 179 employees, and the sample size was determined by purposive sampling, with 138 employees. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a Likert scale Results : The results of the bivariate analysis showed a relationship between income and job satisfaction among Rural Community Health Center employees in Samarinda, with a p-value of 0.00. In addition, the work policy variable also shows a relationship with job satisfaction with a p value of 0.00. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : There is a relationship between income and work policies with employee job satisfaction in rural community health center employees in Samarinda.
Iron Intake and Supplement Adherence as Determinants of Anemia in Pregnancy: A Literature Review Manik, Frisca Anggraeni; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background : : Anemia in pregnancy remains a critical global health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries where nutritional deficiencies and limited access to health services persist. Iron deficiency is the leading cause, mainly due to inadequate dietary intake and poor adherence to iron supplementation. Objective : This review aimed to analyze the relationship between dietary iron intake, supplement adherence, and anemia prevalence among pregnant women. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A narrative literature review was conducted using databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and DOAJ. Articles published from 2020 to 2025 were identified using keywords such as “anemia in pregnancy”, “iron deficiency”, “iron supplementation”, and “adherence”. Inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed studies involving pregnant women and examining dietary iron intake or supplement adherence in relation to anemia. Results : Findings indicate that low consumption of iron-rich foods and poor adherence to supplementation are major determinants of anemia. Barriers include gastrointestinal side effects, cultural food taboos, limited awareness, and lack of counseling. Education, family support, and healthcare engagement significantly enhance adherence and hemoglobin outcomes. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Combining nutrition education with consistent supplementation effectively reduces anemia prevalence. Integrated, community-based strategies are essential to improving maternal iron status and pregnancy outcomes.
Factors Influencing Mortality Among HIV Patients Utami, Dian Margi; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Azmiardi, Akhmad
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background : The World Health Organization reported that global coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reached 77% in 2024; however, mortality among people living with HIV remains relatively high. Various clinical, immunological, and social factors influence treatment success and patient survival outcomes. Objective : This study aims to narratively analyze the factors associated with mortality among HIV patients receiving ART. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This narrative review identified relevant literature published between January 2020 and June 2025 through four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The search used combinations of keywords and Boolean operators (“AND,” “OR”): “HIV” OR “Human Immunodeficiency Virus” AND “mortality” OR “death” AND “antiretroviral therapy” OR “ART” AND “survival analysis” OR “Cox regression” OR “Kaplan–Meier” AND “cohort study.” Only peer-reviewed, full-text articles in English were included. Eligible studies employed prospective or retrospective cohort designs, involved adult HIV patients receiving ART, and reported mortality outcomes analyzed using Kaplan–Meier or Cox proportional hazards models. Review articles, case reports, and studies without relevant survival or mortality data were excluded. A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, primarily conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America. Results : Mortality rates ranged from 4.2 to 11.7 per 100 person-years, with a 5-year survival rate of 81.7–88.5%. Approximately 60–70% of deaths occurred within the first year of therapy. The most consistent mortality risk factors included CD4 count <200 cells/μL (AHR 2.3–6.6), severe anemia or hemoglobin <10 g/dL (AHR 2.2–5.2), WHO clinical stage III/IV (AHR 4.3–15.0), poor functional status (bedridden/ambulatory) (AHR 3.0–9.5), tuberculosis co-infection (AHR 1.9–4.1), and poor ART adherence (AHR 3.3–9.6). Sociodemographic factors such as being unmarried, low education, and poverty also increased mortality risk (AHR 1.6–3.7). Conversely, good ART adherence, cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (CPT) use, adequate nutritional status (BMI ≥18.5 kg/m²), and CD4 ≥200 cells/μL were significant protective factors. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Mortality among adult HIV patients in developing countries remains high, particularly within the first year of ART and among individuals with low immunity, anemia, or tuberculosis co-infection. Strengthening anemia and TB screening, optimizing ART adherence, and early identification of patients with low CD4 counts should be prioritized to reduce mortality rates.
Achievement of capitation indicators based on Performance (kbk) bpjs at puskesmas makroman Samarinda Listiyani, Dwi; Adrianto, Ratno; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background: The National Health Insurance Program (JKN) applies Performance-Based Capitation (KBK) to improve efficiency and service quality at primary health facilities. Makroman Health Center, however, has not consistently met key indicators—contact rate, controlled Prolanis participants, and non-specialistic referral ratios—affecting both service quality and capitation funding. Evidence on KBK implementation in semi-urban primary care settings remains limited.ObjectiveTo describe the achievement of the three KBK indicators—contact rate, controlled Prolanis participant ratio, and non-specialistic referral ratio—and analyze their implications for capitation payments at Makroman Health Center, Samarinda, during 2022–2024. Research Methods / Implementation Methods : This descriptive observational study used secondary quantitative data from BPJS Health and the P-Care application. Variables included the three KBK indicators and corresponding capitation fund adjustments. Data were collected through document review and analyzed descriptively to identify annual trends and performance achievements across the study period. Results : Performance achievement varied over the three years. The contact rate rose from 45.02‰ in 2022 to 77.21‰ in 2024 but remained far below the KBK target of 150‰, indicating limited service accessibility. The non-specialistic referral ratio consistently met the <2% target in 2023–2024, showing improved primary care case management. However, the proportion of controlled Prolanis participants remained below the minimum 5% target throughout the period, reflecting ongoing challenges in chronic disease management. As a result, capitation payment adjustments ranged only from 85% to 90% of the expected amount. These findings demonstrate progress in referral control but persistent gaps in accessibility and chronic care continuity. Conclusion / Lesson Learned : KBK implementation at Makroman Health Center has not yet reached optimal performance. While referral quality has improved, low contact rates and poor Prolanis control continue to reduce capitation payments. Strengthening outreach activities, data quality monitoring, and structured Prolanis programs is essential for improving service performance and maximizing the effectiveness of KBK as a performance-based financing mechanism.
Community Behavior, Health Education, and the Effectiveness of Dengue Prevention Programs in Endemic Areas: A Literature Review 2015–2025 Erlina, Erlina; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Yadi, Yadi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background : Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia, with most districts experiencing moderate to high endemicity. Although vector control and public education programs such as 3M Plus, G1R1J, and school initiatives continue to be implemented, dengue cases remain fluctuating, especially in urban areas. Persistent transmission is strongly associated with community behavior, low risk perception, and irregular preventive practices. Studies consistently show a knowledge–practice gap—high awareness does not always translate into action—highlighting the need to strengthen motivation, behavior change interventions, and community participation. Objective : To analyze how community behavior, health education, and community participation influence the effectiveness of dengue prevention in endemic areas; to summarize research findings from 2015–2025; and to identify gaps between knowledge and preventive practices to provide evidence-based recommendations for improving community-based dengue control strategies in Indonesia. Research Methods / Implementation Methods : A systematic narrative literature review was conducted using articles from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, DOAJ, Garuda, and ResearchGate. Keywords included terms related to “Dengue,” “public health education,” and “community participation.” Studies published in English or Indonesian with quantitative, qualitative, mixed-method, or review designs were included. Of 132 articles identified, 15 met inclusion criteria. Each study was appraised using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool. Data were synthesized thematically into three areas: community knowledge–attitudes–practices (KAP), educational effectiveness, and behavioral barriers, then compared with national and WHO reports. Results : Across the 15 included studies (2015–2025), community knowledge about dengue was generally high, but preventive practices remained inconsistent, confirming the knowledge–practice gap. School-based and community education programs improved awareness and behavior, especially when using interactive and participatory methods rather than lectures. Community participation initiatives such as One House One Jumantik (G1R1J) increased household involvement but frequently faced challenges related to limited supervision, low motivation, and poor sustainability. Successful programs demonstrated strong community empowerment, ongoing education, and collaboration between local leaders, schools, and health authorities. Conclusion / Lesson Learned : Effective dengue prevention requires behavioral change, continuous health education, and active community participation. Although public knowledge is high, preventive actions remain irregular. Strengthening motivation, sustaining cross-sector collaboration, and empowering communities are key to achieving long-term behavior change and sustainable dengue control in endemic regions.
Non-communicable diseases, especially Diabetes Mellitus, inUmrah/Hajj pilgrims: community prevention and management efforts Widiyaningsih, Heny Surya; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Yadi, Yadi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background : Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially Diabetes Mellitus (DM), pose a major health risk for Umrah and Hajj pilgrims. This population often comprises elderly individuals with pre-existing comorbidities. The physically demanding and crowded environment of pilgrimage increases the likelihood of severe complications, such as cardiovascular events and diabetic foot ulcers. Objective : This narrative review aims to synthesize evidence on the prevalence, contributing factors, and behavioral interventions addressing DM among pilgrims. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A synthesis of 34 articles published between 2010 and 2024 from PubMed and Google Scholar revealed that up to 58.2% of pilgrims have NCDs, with 87.9% categorized as high-risk. The primary determinants of morbidity and mortality include older age, hypertension, DM, and obesity. DM-related complications are frequent, with hypoglycemia reported in 37% of cases and foot wounds in 31%. Results : Interventions based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) effectively improved diabetes selfcare behaviors. Among HBM constructs, self-efficacy and perceived benefits were the strongest predictors of treatment adherence and proper disease management. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : NCDs remain a critical health concern among Umrah and Hajj pilgrims. Comprehensive screening and predictive models are essential to identify high-risk individuals before departure. In addition, structured behavioral education that enhances self-efficacy should be prioritized to strengthen chronic disease management throughout the pilgrimage.
Effectiveness and Safety of Dengue Vaccines in School-Aged Children in Endemic Areas: A Narrative Review Kurniasih, Hefi; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Azmiardi, Akhmad
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background : Dengue fever remains one of the most significant mosquito-borne viral diseases, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions such as Indonesia. The increasing incidence among school-aged children highlights the urgent need for effective and sustainable prevention strategies. Vaccination has emerged as a crucial intervention to reduce dengue burden, with two main vaccines —TAK-003 (Qdenga®) and CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia®)—showing varying efficacy and safety profiles. Objective : This narrative review aims to synthesize the current scientific evidence on the effectiveness, safety, and policy implications of dengue vaccination among school-aged children living in endemic regions. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study employed a narrative review approach. Literature was searched through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases for publications from 2020 to 2025. A total of 20 eligible articles were included, comprising randomized controlled trials, quasy experiment, observational studies and spatial epidemiological studies. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies published in English or Indonesian, focusing on dengue vaccines among children aged 4–16 years in endemic countries. Key data on vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity, safety, and implementation outcomes were descriptively synthesized. Total 20 included articles were analyze narratively. Results : Findings consistently indicate that TAK-003 provides an efficacy of 62–80% against symptomatic dengue and over 85% against hospitalized cases up to three years post-vaccination, with favorable safety and immunogenicity, especially among seropositive children. In contrast, CYD-TDV demonstrated high efficacy only among seropositive individuals aged ≥9 years but carried an increased risk in seronegative recipients. Economic modeling studies in Indonesia found dengue vaccination to be cost-effective, while mathematical models showed that higher vaccine coverage substantially reduces the basic reproduction number (R0). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Current evidence supports TAK-003 as an effective and safe vaccine for school-aged children in endemic regions compare to CYD-TDV. Integration of dengue vaccination with vector control and risk-based surveillance is recommended to enhance national dengue prevention strategies and achieve long-term disease reduction.
Comparative Patterns of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Across Age Groups in Samarinda, Indonesia Arfandi, Muh. Amri; Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki; Azka, Arlina; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Siswanto, Siswanto; Risva, Risva; Azmiardi, Akhmad; Asrianti, Tanti
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background : Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major public health concern, with risk factors increasingly observed among younger populations. Examining how these risks differ between age groups may provide insight into early prevention priorities. Objective : To describe and compare behavioral and biological NCD risk factors among older adolescents (15–19 years), young adults (20–24 years), and adults (25–59 years) in Samarinda, Indonesia. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 242 respondents selected through household interviews in Samarinda. Data were collected using the WHO STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS) questionnaire, covering behavioral factors (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, diet) and biological factors (BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol). Data were analyzed descriptively using STATA 17. Results : Variations were observed across age groups. Smoking was more frequent among young adults (22.2%) compared to adolescents (9.3%) and adults (17.7%). Alcohol use was generally low but relatively higher among adolescents (12.4%). Physical activity levels and sedentary time showed comparable patterns, with young adults reporting slightly more sedentary behavior (40%). Most respondents consumed fruits less than four days per week. The proportion of overweight and obesity was greater among adults (54.4%) than in young adults (24.4%) and adolescents (19.4%). Differences were also seen in clinical indicators, with adults showing a higher proportion of hypertension (44.1%) and high cholesterol (35.3%) compared to younger groups. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The study highlights varying patterns of NCD risk factors among age groups, with several behavioral risks already present during adolescence. These findings emphasize the importance of early preventive actions focused on healthy lifestyles, especially among youth, supported by community-based education and health monitoring initiatives.
Case Control Study on Pediatric Tuberculosis Risk Factors at KarangAsam Health Center Samarinda Maharani, Siti Malikha Zalzabila; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Azmiardi, Akhmad
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background : Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mainly affects the respiratory system and poses significant health and economic burdens. In Samarinda, the Karang Asam Health Center recorded the highest TB cases in 2024, with 162 cases, including 14 pediatric cases completing treatment and 148 treated at other facilities. Objective : The study aimed to describe the characteristics and risk factors associated with the incidence of TB in children at the Karang Asam Health Center in Samarinda City. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This case-control study involved 20 cases and 40 controls. The independent variables were close contact, nutritional status, and immunization status, with childhood tuberculosis as the dependent variable. Samples were obtained by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level, reporting p- values and OR (p < 0.05 significant). Results : The results showed that most of the 20 children with TB were aged 0-5 years (65%), male (60%), had a history of contact (85%), poor nutritional status (80%), and incomplete immunization status (70%). Based on the Odds Ratio (OR) calculation, it shows a large risk value for the incidence of TB in children, namely contact history (OR= 13,222; 95% CI= 3,256 – 53,691), nutritional status (OR = 6.000; 95% CI = 1.693-21.262), and immunization status (OR = 7.000; 95% CI = 2.120- 23.113). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Contact history, nutritional status, and immunization status were significant risk factors for pediatric TB. Communities are encouraged to enhance prevention through regular health checks and proper TB management in at-risk children.
Knowledge About the Stages of Healthy Food Processing Among Micro-Entrepreneurs in Penajam Paser Utara Regency Nurlianti, Nurlianti; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Hidayati, Tetra; Wisnuwardani, Ratih Wirapuspita
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background : Food Safety is a very important knowledge to be applied to MSMEs, considering that potential irregularities in food processing and distribution can pose health risks to consumers and can harm these small business actors. Objective : This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes of Food Safety in Penajam Paser Utara Regency Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : The method used was descriptive with a cross sectional design involving 300 respondents selected by simple random sampling Results : Micro business owners with better knowledge of food safety tend to have more positive attitudes towards food safety, such as mask use and participation in early detection. In addition, the length of time running a business and education factors and influence the increase in knowledge and positive attitudes towards food safety. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Based on these findings, it is recommended that a structured and sustainable Food Safety education program be improved, with wider involvement of MSMEs and the authority of the Health Office and Balai POM as resource persons to provide information that is easily understood by MSMEs when carrying out Food Safety Training activities. Thus, it is expected that food safety efforts can be more effective.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Ahmad Fadhlil Azhim Adrianto, Ratno Afifah, Wiwin Vidiyastana Akhmad Azmiardi Al Ahmadi, Khumairotul Zahroh Anggraini, Ike Anggreini, Putri Anita Sari Arfandi, Muh Amri Arfandi, Muh. Amri Arlina Azka Asari, Sendila Ernesy Asrianti, Tanti Astuti - Astuti, Ashri Budi Ayudhia Rachmawati Azmiardi, Akmad Bahtiar, Rahmat Bakhtiar, Rahmat Basri, Samsinar Budi, Eko Prasetya Cahyana, Yudi Jaya Dzikri, Akhmad Erlina Erlina Erwina, Brigita Win Fahmi, Muhammad Maulana Fahrul Rozi Hapsari, Palupi Setyo Hasmy, Lestiani Aulia Herliani, Resda Hilda Hilda Husna Husna Ike Anggraeni Insany, Vicca Yulia Intan Kurnia, Intan Iriyani Kamaruddin, Iriyani Iriyani, Iriyani Ismail AB, Ismail Iwan Muhamad Ramdan Jami'an, Jami'an Jenissa, Abel Junaidin, Junaidin K., Iriyani Kasih, Ketut Pilih Kurniasih, Hefi Lestari, Ida Ayu Indira Dwika Listiani, Dwi Listiyani, Dwi Maharani, Siti Malikha Zalzabila Majiding, Chaidir Masyhuri Manik, Frisca Anggraeni Mochamad Makin, Mochamad Muhammad Noor Muhammad Nuzul Azhim Ash Siddiq Naim, Tanti Asrianti Nisaa, Nur Rezky Khairun Noor, Zulhijrian Noorhayaty, Noorhayaty Norsehan, Norsehan Nozomi, Alwan Zakki Nugraha, Purwa Nurlianti Nurlianti, Nurlianti Nursakti Nursakti Pamowa, Agustina Simanangi Pasinggi, Miako Permani, Relung Adiniah Pradita, Adelia Putri Purnama, Tasha Citra Rachmawati, Ira Puspa Rahmadani, Aulia Tia Rahmadina, Andi Nur Nayla Rahmi Susanti Ramadhani, Irma Ramdam, Iwan Muhammad Ramdan, Iwan M Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Risdayanti, Rikha Nur Risva Risva S Siswanto Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki Safika, Erri Larene Saputri, Amelia Indah Saputri, Deby Indah Sari, Mila Warma Septiana, Lisa Setianingtyas, Endah Dwi Sigit, Ratih Fianni Silitonga, Hesty Erika Sinthary, Venna Sitorus, Rame Sudarmiyati, Nunuk Suleman, Angellia Sumarianto, Arif Sungkono, Indari Yayuk Ummi Khuzaimah Utami, Dian Margi Vanessa Vanessa Verry Asfirizal Vionita, Wanda Dila Wahyuni, Leny Eka Tyas Wardani, Nunuk Kusuma Widiyaningsih, Heny Surya Wijayanti, Dwi Astuti Noor Wirawanti, Ika Wirya Yadi, Yadi Yuniasih, Arista Dian