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All Journal Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development (JPH RECODE) Jurnal Abdi Insani Indonesian Journal of Global Health research Jurnal Kedokteran Mulawarman Pancasakti Journal Of Public Health Science And Research Wal'afiat Hospital Journal BIOGRAPH-I: Journal of Biostatistics and Demographic Dynamic Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Jurnal Sehat Indonesia (JUSINDO) WAL'AFIAT HOSPITAL JOURNAL Journal of Mestika Nusantara Satu Community Services Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology Proceeding Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Symbiohealth Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia
Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Department Of Epidemiology, Faculty Of Public Health, Mulawarman University
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Meningitis Vaccination Compliance Among Umrah Pilgrims In Indonesia: A Narrative Review Alwan Zakki Nozomi; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Akhmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Umrah pilgrimage involves large gatherings of people from around the world, posing a high risk of disease transmission, especially meningococcal meningitis. Therefore, meningitis vaccination is mandatory as an absolute requirement for departure to prevent outbreaks. Although vaccination is mandatory, challenges related to the timeliness and compliance of vaccination at Port Health Offices (KKP) remain a crucial issue in Indonesia. This narrative review aims to synthesize and describe the meningitis vaccination compliance among Umrah pilgrims in Indonesia Objective : summarize, analyze, and interpret research results related to meningitis vaccination compliance among Umrah pilgrims Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This review uses a narrative review method by analyzing 14 journal articles obtained from accredited journals from 2020 to 2025. The criteria for these articles are articles with independent variables focusing on factors related to vaccination compliance with vaccination compliance outcomes, articles with analytical observational designs. Selected articles were analyzed descriptively and narratively Results : results of the analysis show that the factors of knowledge and attitude of pilgrims are related to punctuality and vaccination compliance. In addition, support from the Umrah Travel Organizer (PPIU) or travel agent is also a predictor of compliance Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Compliance with meningitis vaccination among Umrah pilgrims is influenced by internal factors (knowledge and attitude) and external factors (travel support and PPIU support). The main recommendations are to strengthen education focused on the timing of vaccine administration and to improve effective coordination/socialization between KKP and PPIU to bridge the policy implementation gap
Analysis of Factors Related to Employee Satisfaction at Rural HealthCenters in Samarinda Ashri Budi Astuti; Ratno Adrianto; Irfansyah Baharuddin pakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Job satisfaction is an important goal in Human Resources management because it directly and indirectly impacts work productivity. Employee job satisfaction directly impacts organizational commitment, where employees who are satisfied with their work, colleagues, pay, and superiors are more likely to be highly dedicated to the organization Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to employee job satisfaction at Rural Community Health Centers in Samarinda. The research method used was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 179 employees, and the sample size was determined by purposive sampling, with 138 employees. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a Likert scale Results : The results of the bivariate analysis showed a relationship between income and job satisfaction among Rural Community Health Center employees in Samarinda, with a p-value of 0.00. In addition, the work policy variable also shows a relationship with job satisfaction with a p value of 0.00. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : There is a relationship between income and work policies with employee job satisfaction in rural community health center employees in Samarinda.
Iron Intake and Supplement Adherence as Determinants of Anemia in Pregnancy: A Literature Review Frisca Anggraeni Manik; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : : Anemia in pregnancy remains a critical global health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries where nutritional deficiencies and limited access to health services persist. Iron deficiency is the leading cause, mainly due to inadequate dietary intake and poor adherence to iron supplementation. Objective : This review aimed to analyze the relationship between dietary iron intake, supplement adherence, and anemia prevalence among pregnant women. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A narrative literature review was conducted using databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and DOAJ. Articles published from 2020 to 2025 were identified using keywords such as “anemia in pregnancy”, “iron deficiency”, “iron supplementation”, and “adherence”. Inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed studies involving pregnant women and examining dietary iron intake or supplement adherence in relation to anemia. Results : Findings indicate that low consumption of iron-rich foods and poor adherence to supplementation are major determinants of anemia. Barriers include gastrointestinal side effects, cultural food taboos, limited awareness, and lack of counseling. Education, family support, and healthcare engagement significantly enhance adherence and hemoglobin outcomes. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Combining nutrition education with consistent supplementation effectively reduces anemia prevalence. Integrated, community-based strategies are essential to improving maternal iron status and pregnancy outcomes.
Achievement of capitation indicators based on Performance (kbk) bpjs at puskesmas makroman Samarinda Dwi Listiyani; Ratno Adrianto; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background: The National Health Insurance Program (JKN) applies Performance-Based Capitation (KBK) to improve efficiency and service quality at primary health facilities. Makroman Health Center, however, has not consistently met key indicators—contact rate, controlled Prolanis participants, and non-specialistic referral ratios—affecting both service quality and capitation funding. Evidence on KBK implementation in semi-urban primary care settings remains limited.ObjectiveTo describe the achievement of the three KBK indicators—contact rate, controlled Prolanis participant ratio, and non-specialistic referral ratio—and analyze their implications for capitation payments at Makroman Health Center, Samarinda, during 2022–2024. Research Methods / Implementation Methods : This descriptive observational study used secondary quantitative data from BPJS Health and the P-Care application. Variables included the three KBK indicators and corresponding capitation fund adjustments. Data were collected through document review and analyzed descriptively to identify annual trends and performance achievements across the study period. Results : Performance achievement varied over the three years. The contact rate rose from 45.02‰ in 2022 to 77.21‰ in 2024 but remained far below the KBK target of 150‰, indicating limited service accessibility. The non-specialistic referral ratio consistently met the <2% target in 2023–2024, showing improved primary care case management. However, the proportion of controlled Prolanis participants remained below the minimum 5% target throughout the period, reflecting ongoing challenges in chronic disease management. As a result, capitation payment adjustments ranged only from 85% to 90% of the expected amount. These findings demonstrate progress in referral control but persistent gaps in accessibility and chronic care continuity. Conclusion / Lesson Learned : KBK implementation at Makroman Health Center has not yet reached optimal performance. While referral quality has improved, low contact rates and poor Prolanis control continue to reduce capitation payments. Strengthening outreach activities, data quality monitoring, and structured Prolanis programs is essential for improving service performance and maximizing the effectiveness of KBK as a performance-based financing mechanism.
Community Behavior, Health Education, and the Effectiveness of Dengue Prevention Programs in Endemic Areas: A Literature Review 2015–2025 Erlina Erlina; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Yadi Yadi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia, with most districts experiencing moderate to high endemicity. Although vector control and public education programs such as 3M Plus, G1R1J, and school initiatives continue to be implemented, dengue cases remain fluctuating, especially in urban areas. Persistent transmission is strongly associated with community behavior, low risk perception, and irregular preventive practices. Studies consistently show a knowledge–practice gap—high awareness does not always translate into action—highlighting the need to strengthen motivation, behavior change interventions, and community participation. Objective : To analyze how community behavior, health education, and community participation influence the effectiveness of dengue prevention in endemic areas; to summarize research findings from 2015–2025; and to identify gaps between knowledge and preventive practices to provide evidence-based recommendations for improving community-based dengue control strategies in Indonesia. Research Methods / Implementation Methods : A systematic narrative literature review was conducted using articles from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, DOAJ, Garuda, and ResearchGate. Keywords included terms related to “Dengue,” “public health education,” and “community participation.” Studies published in English or Indonesian with quantitative, qualitative, mixed-method, or review designs were included. Of 132 articles identified, 15 met inclusion criteria. Each study was appraised using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool. Data were synthesized thematically into three areas: community knowledge–attitudes–practices (KAP), educational effectiveness, and behavioral barriers, then compared with national and WHO reports. Results : Across the 15 included studies (2015–2025), community knowledge about dengue was generally high, but preventive practices remained inconsistent, confirming the knowledge–practice gap. School-based and community education programs improved awareness and behavior, especially when using interactive and participatory methods rather than lectures. Community participation initiatives such as One House One Jumantik (G1R1J) increased household involvement but frequently faced challenges related to limited supervision, low motivation, and poor sustainability. Successful programs demonstrated strong community empowerment, ongoing education, and collaboration between local leaders, schools, and health authorities. Conclusion / Lesson Learned : Effective dengue prevention requires behavioral change, continuous health education, and active community participation. Although public knowledge is high, preventive actions remain irregular. Strengthening motivation, sustaining cross-sector collaboration, and empowering communities are key to achieving long-term behavior change and sustainable dengue control in endemic regions.
Effectiveness and Safety of Dengue Vaccines in School-Aged Children in Endemic Areas: A Narrative Review Hefi Kurniasih; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Akhmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Dengue fever remains one of the most significant mosquito-borne viral diseases, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions such as Indonesia. The increasing incidence among school-aged children highlights the urgent need for effective and sustainable prevention strategies. Vaccination has emerged as a crucial intervention to reduce dengue burden, with two main vaccines —TAK-003 (Qdenga®) and CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia®)—showing varying efficacy and safety profiles. Objective : This narrative review aims to synthesize the current scientific evidence on the effectiveness, safety, and policy implications of dengue vaccination among school-aged children living in endemic regions. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study employed a narrative review approach. Literature was searched through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases for publications from 2020 to 2025. A total of 20 eligible articles were included, comprising randomized controlled trials, quasy experiment, observational studies and spatial epidemiological studies. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies published in English or Indonesian, focusing on dengue vaccines among children aged 4–16 years in endemic countries. Key data on vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity, safety, and implementation outcomes were descriptively synthesized. Total 20 included articles were analyze narratively. Results : Findings consistently indicate that TAK-003 provides an efficacy of 62–80% against symptomatic dengue and over 85% against hospitalized cases up to three years post-vaccination, with favorable safety and immunogenicity, especially among seropositive children. In contrast, CYD-TDV demonstrated high efficacy only among seropositive individuals aged ≥9 years but carried an increased risk in seronegative recipients. Economic modeling studies in Indonesia found dengue vaccination to be cost-effective, while mathematical models showed that higher vaccine coverage substantially reduces the basic reproduction number (R0). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Current evidence supports TAK-003 as an effective and safe vaccine for school-aged children in endemic regions compare to CYD-TDV. Integration of dengue vaccination with vector control and risk-based surveillance is recommended to enhance national dengue prevention strategies and achieve long-term disease reduction.
Comparative Patterns of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Across Age Groups in Samarinda, Indonesia Muh. Amri Arfandi; Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim; Arlina Azka; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Siswanto Siswanto; Risva Risva; Akhmad Azmiardi; Tanti Asrianti
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major public health concern, with risk factors increasingly observed among younger populations. Examining how these risks differ between age groups may provide insight into early prevention priorities. Objective : To describe and compare behavioral and biological NCD risk factors among older adolescents (15–19 years), young adults (20–24 years), and adults (25–59 years) in Samarinda, Indonesia. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 242 respondents selected through household interviews in Samarinda. Data were collected using the WHO STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS) questionnaire, covering behavioral factors (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, diet) and biological factors (BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol). Data were analyzed descriptively using STATA 17. Results : Variations were observed across age groups. Smoking was more frequent among young adults (22.2%) compared to adolescents (9.3%) and adults (17.7%). Alcohol use was generally low but relatively higher among adolescents (12.4%). Physical activity levels and sedentary time showed comparable patterns, with young adults reporting slightly more sedentary behavior (40%). Most respondents consumed fruits less than four days per week. The proportion of overweight and obesity was greater among adults (54.4%) than in young adults (24.4%) and adolescents (19.4%). Differences were also seen in clinical indicators, with adults showing a higher proportion of hypertension (44.1%) and high cholesterol (35.3%) compared to younger groups. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The study highlights varying patterns of NCD risk factors among age groups, with several behavioral risks already present during adolescence. These findings emphasize the importance of early preventive actions focused on healthy lifestyles, especially among youth, supported by community-based education and health monitoring initiatives.
Case Control Study on Pediatric Tuberculosis Risk Factors at KarangAsam Health Center Samarinda Siti Malikha Zalzabila Maharani; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Akhmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mainly affects the respiratory system and poses significant health and economic burdens. In Samarinda, the Karang Asam Health Center recorded the highest TB cases in 2024, with 162 cases, including 14 pediatric cases completing treatment and 148 treated at other facilities. Objective : The study aimed to describe the characteristics and risk factors associated with the incidence of TB in children at the Karang Asam Health Center in Samarinda City. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This case-control study involved 20 cases and 40 controls. The independent variables were close contact, nutritional status, and immunization status, with childhood tuberculosis as the dependent variable. Samples were obtained by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level, reporting p- values and OR (p < 0.05 significant). Results : The results showed that most of the 20 children with TB were aged 0-5 years (65%), male (60%), had a history of contact (85%), poor nutritional status (80%), and incomplete immunization status (70%). Based on the Odds Ratio (OR) calculation, it shows a large risk value for the incidence of TB in children, namely contact history (OR= 13,222; 95% CI= 3,256 – 53,691), nutritional status (OR = 6.000; 95% CI = 1.693-21.262), and immunization status (OR = 7.000; 95% CI = 2.120- 23.113). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Contact history, nutritional status, and immunization status were significant risk factors for pediatric TB. Communities are encouraged to enhance prevention through regular health checks and proper TB management in at-risk children.
Knowledge About the Stages of Healthy Food Processing Among Micro-Entrepreneurs in Penajam Paser Utara Regency Nurlianti Nurlianti; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Tetra Hidayati; Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Food Safety is a very important knowledge to be applied to MSMEs, considering that potential irregularities in food processing and distribution can pose health risks to consumers and can harm these small business actors. Objective : This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes of Food Safety in Penajam Paser Utara Regency Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : The method used was descriptive with a cross sectional design involving 300 respondents selected by simple random sampling Results : Micro business owners with better knowledge of food safety tend to have more positive attitudes towards food safety, such as mask use and participation in early detection. In addition, the length of time running a business and education factors and influence the increase in knowledge and positive attitudes towards food safety. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Based on these findings, it is recommended that a structured and sustainable Food Safety education program be improved, with wider involvement of MSMEs and the authority of the Health Office and Balai POM as resource persons to provide information that is easily understood by MSMEs when carrying out Food Safety Training activities. Thus, it is expected that food safety efforts can be more effective.
Narrative Review: Periodontitis Risk Factors in Prolanis Participants With Systemic Comorbid Diseases Ratih Fianni Sigit; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Akhmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth and is increasingly recognized for its systemic implications. Chronic periodontal inflammation contributes to persistent immune activation, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemic profiles, thereby elevating the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Objective : This narrative review aims to summarize current evidence regarding risk factors of periodontitis among patients with systemic comorbidities, particularly those enrolled in chronic disease management programs. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Science Direct, and BMC Oral Health databases for articles published between 2020 and 2025 using keywords such as “periodontitis,” “systemic inflammation,” “diabetes mellitus,” “hypertension,” and “cardiovascular disease.” Inclusion criteria consisted of full-text research articles in Indonesian or English focusing on associations between periodontitis and systemic diseases. A total of 33 relevant articles were identified and narratively synthesized. The review consistently demonstrates that systemic comorbidities significantly influence periodontal status. Results : Patients with diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia experience more severe periodontitis due to poor metabolic control and inflammation. Inadequate oral hygiene worsens this condition, while non-surgical periodontal therapy can improve HbA1c, lipid levels, and blood pressure. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Systemic factors synergistically worsen periodontitis through chronic inflammation and endothelial impairment. Integrating oral health services into chronic disease management may improve metabolic outcomes and prevent systemic complications.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Ahmad Fadhlil Azhim Adrianto, Ratno Afifah, Wiwin Vidiyastana Akhmad Azmiardi Akhmad Azmiardi Akmad Azmiardi Al Ahmadi, Khumairotul Zahroh Alwan Zakki Nozomi Andriani, Rima Anggreini, Putri Anita Sari Arfandi, Muh. Amri Arlina Azka Arlina Azka Asari, Sendila Ernesy Ashri Budi Astuti Asrianti, Tanti Astuti - Astuti, Ashri Budi Ayudhia Rachmawati Bahtiar, Rahmat Bakhtiar, Rahmat Basri, Samsinar Budi, Eko Prasetya Cahyana, Yudi Jaya Dwi Listiyani Dzikri, Akhmad Erlina Erlina Erlina Erlina Erri Larene Safika Erwina, Brigita Win Fahmi, Muhammad Maulana Fahrul Rozi Frisca Anggraeni Manik Hapsari, Palupi Setyo Hefi Kurniasih Herliani, Resda Hilda Hilda Husna Husna Ike Anggraeni Indriani, Dilla C Insany, Vicca Yulia Irirwanas, Intannia D Iriyani Iriyani Iriyani Kamaruddin, Iriyani Ismail AB, Ismail Iwan Muhamad Ramdan Jami'an, Jami'an Jenissa, Abel Junaidin, Junaidin K., Iriyani Kasih, Ketut Pilih Lestari, Ida Ayu Indira Dwika Listiani, Dwi Majiding, Chaidir Masyhuri Mochamad Makin, Mochamad Muh. Amri Arfandi Muh. Amri Arfandi Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim Muhammad Noor Muhammad Noor Muhammad Nuzul Azhim Ash Siddiq Nabila Vebiana Soviadi Naim, Tanti Asrianti Nisaa, Nur Rezky Khairun Noorhayaty Noorhayaty Noorhayaty, Noorhayaty Norsehan, Norsehan Nozomi, Alwan Zakki Nugraha, Purwa Nunuk Kusuma Wardani Nur Asiyah Nurlianti Nurlianti Nursakti Nursakti Pasiakan, Meli Pasinggi, Miako Pradita, Adelia Putri Rachmawati, Ira Puspa Rahmadani, Aulia Tia Rahmadina, Andi Nur Nayla Rahmi Susanti Ramadhani, Irma Ramadhani, Reza W Ramdam, Iwan Muhammad Ramdan, Iwan M Ratih Fianni Sigit Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Relung Adiniah Permani Risdayanti, Rikha Nur Risva Risva Risva Riyanto, Rudy Agus S Siswanto Sabena, Mela Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki Saputri, Amelia Indah Saputri, Deby Indah Sari, Mila Warma Septiana, Lisa Setianingtyas, Endah Dwi Sigit, Ratih Fianni Sinthary, Venna Siswanto Siswanto Siswanto Siti Malikha Zalzabila Maharani siti nurlela Sitorus, Rame Sudarmiyati, Nunuk Suleman, Angellia Sumarianto, Arif Sungkono, Indari Yayuk Tasha Citra Purnama Tetra Hidayati Ummi Khuzaimah Vanessa Vanessa Vionita, Wanda Dila Wahyudi Wahyudi Wahyuni, Leny Eka Tyas Wardani, Nunuk Kusuma Wijayanti, Dwi Astuti Noor Wirawanti, Ika Wirya Yadi Yadi Yadi, Yadi Yuniasih, Arista Dian Zakki Saefurrohim, Muhamad