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All Journal SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development (JPH RECODE) Jurnal Ners Jurnal Abdi Insani Indonesian Journal of Global Health research Jurnal Kedokteran Mulawarman Pancasakti Journal Of Public Health Science And Research Wal'afiat Hospital Journal BIOGRAPH-I: Journal of Biostatistics and Demographic Dynamic Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Jurnal Sehat Indonesia (JUSINDO) ZAHRA: JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH WAL'AFIAT HOSPITAL JOURNAL Journal of Mestika Nusantara Satu Community Services Proceeding Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Symbiohealth Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia
Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Department Of Epidemiology, Faculty Of Public Health, Mulawarman University
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Narrative Review: Periodontitis Risk Factors in Prolanis Participants With Systemic Comorbid Diseases Sigit, Ratih Fianni; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Azmiardi, Akhmad
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth and is increasingly recognized for its systemic implications. Chronic periodontal inflammation contributes to persistent immune activation, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemic profiles, thereby elevating the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Objective : This narrative review aims to summarize current evidence regarding risk factors of periodontitis among patients with systemic comorbidities, particularly those enrolled in chronic disease management programs. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Science Direct, and BMC Oral Health databases for articles published between 2020 and 2025 using keywords such as “periodontitis,” “systemic inflammation,” “diabetes mellitus,” “hypertension,” and “cardiovascular disease.” Inclusion criteria consisted of full-text research articles in Indonesian or English focusing on associations between periodontitis and systemic diseases. A total of 33 relevant articles were identified and narratively synthesized. The review consistently demonstrates that systemic comorbidities significantly influence periodontal status. Results : Patients with diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia experience more severe periodontitis due to poor metabolic control and inflammation. Inadequate oral hygiene worsens this condition, while non-surgical periodontal therapy can improve HbA1c, lipid levels, and blood pressure. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Systemic factors synergistically worsen periodontitis through chronic inflammation and endothelial impairment. Integrating oral health services into chronic disease management may improve metabolic outcomes and prevent systemic complications.
The Effect of Screen Time on Dental Caries in Adolescents: A Narrative Review Silitonga, Hesty Erika; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Asfirizal, Verry; Azmiardi, Akhmad
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Dental caries is a chronic disease with a high prevalence among adolescents. With the advancement of technology, screen time has become a a daily activity. Excessive screen time can lead to encourage a sedentary lifestyle, which may impact oral health. Objective : This review aims to synthesize scientific evidence from various studies to explain how prolonged screen time contributes to caries risk in adolescents. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This narrative review synthesizes relevant research articles to gain a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between screen time and dental caries. Articles were searched through major electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, focusing on publications from 2016 to 2025. Articles included in the review discussed screen time habits among adolescents, the impact of screen time on dental caries or oral health, were written in Indonesian or English. Results : A literature review of 30 articles reported a positive association between high screen time and increased caries risk in adolescents. Behavioral changes were the main mediators of this association. Many studies described two primary mechanisms: prolonged screen time significantly increased cariogenic dietary habits while using devices and excessive screen time reduces oral hygiene practices. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Excessive screen time acts as a significant behavioral risk factor for dental caries in adolescents because it can trigger unhealthy dietary patterns and reduce oral hygiene practices. Counseling, reducing screen time, education on tooth brushing, healthy eating, and fluoride using can reduce the risk of dental caries.
Characteristics of Patients with HIV/AIDS Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy at Loa Bakung Community Health Center Permani, Relung Adiniah; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Azmiardi, Akmad
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, making the body more susceptible to various infections. AIDS refers to a collection of symptoms and infections associated with a weakened immune system due to HIV infection. Loa Bakung Community Health Center is one of the healthcare facilities in Samarinda that provides ART services for patients with HIV/AIDS. Objective : This study aims to describe characteristics of patients with HIV/AIDS undergoing ART at Loa Bakung Community Health Center. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study used a retrospective descriptive method with secondary data from medical records and SIHA 2.1 application. The population included all HIV/AIDS patients undergoing ART at Loa Bakung Community Health Center from January 2023 to December 2024. The data were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of frequency distribution tables and percentages. Results : Of the 33 HIV/AIDS patients undergoing ART, the majority were male (64%) aged 20-39 years (84%) and had a high school education (76%). Most patients were employed (55%) and single (52%). The largest population group was partners of key populations/PLHIV/STI patients (42%), followed by men who have sex with men (MSM) at 37%. The dominant ART regimen used was TLD (Tenofovir, Lamivudine, Dolutegravir) at 58%, with 87% of patients tested showing suppressed viral load results. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Increasing early detection, education on risky sexual behaviors, and optimizing counseling and patient support services are strategic steps to improve the success of ART and reduce the rate of HIV transmission.
Characteristics of Hypertension Patients at Loa Bakung Community Health Center Noorhayaty, Noorhayaty; Iriyani, Iriyani; Azmiardi, Akhmad; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Hypertension is a non- communicable disease that is one of the main causes of premature death in the world. The World health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2025 there will be an increase in hypertension cases by around 80%, in 2000 from 639 million cases to 1.5 billion cases. Hypertension is the third leading cause of death in Indonesia for all ages. In 2015, surveys showed that 1 in 4 women and 1 in 5 men suffer from hypertension. Less than 1 in 5 people have hypertension that is well controlled and more than 9 million deaths are related to hypertension Objective : This study aims to determine the characteristics of hypertensive patients in Loa Bakung Community Health Center. The characteristics referred to gender, age, BMI, hypertension degree, and sub district. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : The method used is descriptive, with a total sampling technique of 251 people. Results : The study results showed that 80 (31.9%) were male patients with hypertension, while 171 (68.1%) were female. There were 146 adult patients aged 18-59 (58.2%), and 105 elderly patients (41.8%) aged over 60 years. There were 96 hypertensive patients with a normal BMI (38.2%), 98 overweight patients (39%), and 57 obese patients (22.7%). The number of patients with normal hypertension (after regular treatment) was 67 (26.7%), 53 pre-hypertension patients (21.1%), 94 grade I hypertension patients (37.5%), and 37 grade II hypertension patients (14.7%). Patients who live in Loa Bakung sub-district are 220 (87.6%), Loa Buah sub-district 21 (8.4%), other sub-districts 10 (4%). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The conclusion is that based on gender, there are more female patients than male patients, more adult hypertension patients (aged 15-59 years) than elderly patients, and more overweight patients have a BMI than other nutritional statuses. The number of hypertension patients with grade 1 hypertension is higher. Most hypertension patients who seek treatment at the Loa Bakung Community Health Center live in the Loa Bakung sub-district.
Narrative Review: Factors Associated with the Sexually TransmittedInfections (STIs) Among Tugboat Crews in the Mahakam River Wardani, Nunuk Kusuma; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Azmiardi, Akhmad
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a persistent global health concern, particularly among maritime workers such as tugboat crews. Prolonged sailing periods, limited healthcare access, and high-risk sexual behavior increase their vulnerability to infection. This narrative review aims to summarize key determinants influencing STI risks and prevention behaviors among tugboat crews in the Mahakam River area. Objective : This review seeks to identify and analyze the main determinants related to STI occurrence among tugboat crews, focusing on individual, social, and environmental aspects. The objectives include describing individual factors such as knowledge, attitude, and sexual behavior; exploring social and environmental determinants like social support, access to health services, and working conditions; and synthesizing evidence-based recommendations for strengthening STI prevention programs among maritime workers. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : Articles published between 2019 and 2025 were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords related to STIs, sailors, fishermen, and port workers. Thirty eligible studies in English were analyzed narratively to identify consistent determinants influencing STI prevention and risk. Results : The review revealed that low sexual health knowledge, negative attitudes toward STI prevention, and risky sexual behaviors are the dominant contributing factors. Additional barriers include stigma, cultural norms restricting sexual health discussion, and limited routine health screening among seafarers. These conditions increase vulnerability to STIs and hinder prevention efforts. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Tugboat crews on the Mahakam River face elevated risks of STIs due to behavioral, social, and structural challenges. Integrated approaches involving education, access to health services, and supportive policies are essential for effective STI prevention. This review provides evidence to guide targeted interventions and policy development in maritime health programs.
Overview Of E-Kianpuas patient Satisfaction on Five DimentionsSERVQUAL in Airputih Dental Health Services Purnama, Tasha Citra; Adrianto, Ratno; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Quality healthcare services are a top priority in improving community satisfaction as an indicator of public service performance. The Samarinda City Government, through the E- Kianpuas application, has introduced a digital-based public satisfaction survey to assess the quality of health services at community health centers (Puskesmas). This study focuses on dental and oral health services at the Air Putih Health Center, which play a vital role in enhancing community health status Objective : This study aims to describe community satisfaction with the quality of dental and oral health services using the E-Kianpuas application, analyzed through the five SERVQUAL dimensions: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A quantitative descriptive survey approach was employed, referring to Regulation of the Minister for Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform (Permenpan) No. 14 of 2017. Data were collected from the E-Kianpuas application in 2024 involving 24 respondents aged 18–66 years. Measurements used a 1–4 Likert scale and were analyzed descriptively to calculate averages and convert them into the Community Satisfaction Index (IKM). Results : The overall IKM score was 84.38, categorized as “Good.” The Assurance and Responsiveness dimensions achieved the highest scores, reflecting fast, transparent, and safe services. Meanwhile, Tangibles, Reliability, and Empathy received lower scores, particularly regarding facilities, service time, and staff politeness. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The E-Kianpuas application effectively evaluates health service quality and supports continuous improvement. Although Air Putih Health Center meets public expectations, enhancing physical facilities, procedural efficiency, and interpersonal communication is essential for optimal service quality.
Overview of Stunting Risk Factors in Toddlers in RT 02 and RT 04Simpang Pasir Village, Palaran District, Samarinda City. Vanessa, Vanessa; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Stunting is a condition of chronic nutritional problems that causes failure to thrive in children and brain development is not in accordance with children at the age they should be. Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem caused by inadequate nutritional intake for a long time due to feeding that is not in accordance with nutritional needs. Objective : The problem of stunting which is currently a problem has an impact on various aspects, one of which is a decrease in the productivity of Human Resources (HR) in an area. Based on the results of the Indonesia Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) in 2021 conducted by the Ministry of Health, the stunting prevalence rate in Indonesia in 2021 was 24.4%, or decreased 6.4% from 30.8% in 2018. This study aims to determine the description of factors the risk of stunting in children under five in RT 02 and RT 04 Simpang Pasir Village, Paran District, Samarinda City. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This type uses a cross sectional design, with a total sample of 20 samples. Data was collected using an instrumental questionnaire and then performed univariate analysis and descriptive test. Results : The results obtained are to know the risk factors regarding stunting in toddlers in the area of RT 02 and RT 04 Simpang Pasir Village, Paran District, Samarinda City. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Based on the results of research conducted in the neighborhood units (RT) 02 and 04 of Simpang Pasir Village, Paran District, Samarinda City, it can be concluded that several risk factors contribute to stunting in toddlers. Through a cross-sectional design approach and univariate and descriptive analyses of 20 samples, it was found that stunting remains a chronic nutritional problem that impacts children's physical growth and brain development. These findings reinforce the importance of meeting nutritional needs from an early age and appropriate interventions to reduce stunting prevalence rates, especially at the smallest level, such as neighborhood associations.
Determinants of Risk Factors and HIV/AIDS Prevention Among Seafarers: A Narrative Review Noor, Muhammad; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Yadi, Yadi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Seafarers are a highly mobile maritime workforce vulnerable to risky sexual behaviors and limited access to HIV/AIDS testing and counseling. The dynamic port environment, combined with social and behavioral factors, heightens the risk of HIV transmission. Objective : to synthesize research findings on individual, social, and structural factors influencing HIV/AIDS prevention behaviors among seafarers in various ports in Indonesia and abroad. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A Narrative Review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases for studies published from 2019 to 2025. Eligible studies included quantitative or qualitative research addressing risk factors, preventive behaviors, or access to HIV-related health services among seafarers. Studies focusing solely on technical shipping aspects were excluded. Twenty-six articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed descriptively Results : Risky behaviors among seafarers were shaped by individual (knowledge, attitude, condom use), social (peer support, influence of sex workers, docking duration, marital status), and structural factors (health service access, port policy, education). Condom use was the most dominant protective factor, while knowledge alone did not guarantee preventive behavior. Institutional and peer support promoted safe practices, but limited screening and counseling services at ports remained barriers. Cross-sector collaboration and free services supported better prevention outcomes Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Effective HIV/AIDS prevention among seafarers requires multidimensional interventions addressing behavioral, social, and policy aspects. Strengthening port health services, enhancing education, and expanding counseling and testing access are essential to reduce HIV risk in maritime populations
Analysis of Hypertension, Smoking, Family History, and Obesity as Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease at the Kesdim Military Hospital Samarinda Kurnia, Intan; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Azmiardi, Akhmad
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Stunting remains a significant chronic nutritional problem in Indonesia, particularly among children born to adolescent mothers. These young mothers often face limitations in nutritional knowledge, lower health literacy, and suboptimal reproductive preparedness, which collectively increase the risk of stunting in their children. Objective : This study aimed to conduct a review to determine the association between adolescent mothers’ nutritional knowledge and the incidence of stunting in toddlers, and to identify the contributing factors. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This was a systematic review conducting following the PRISMA guidelines and utilizing the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework. Articles were collected through searching the Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Crossref databases for studies up to October 2025. Two reviewers independently screened and included full- text article that examined Mothers Knowledge and stunting, focusing on the concept of knowledge, adolescent mother, and stunting. Results : A review included five articles. Adolescent mothers’ knowledge had a significant association with the incidence of stunting. This association was often strengthened by confounding factors such as socio-economic status, low education levels, limited access to healthcare services, and inadequate childcare practices. Several studies found that improving maternal nutritional literacy and initiating early prenatal care can effectively reduce the risk of stunting in children. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Low nutritional knowledge among adolescent mothers is confirmed as an important determinant of stunting in toddlers. Intervention efforts need to be focused on enhancing the education and nutritional literacy of adolescent girls through structured programs, including school-based education, adolescent mother classes in community health centers (Puskesmas), and targeted community campaigns. The integrated approach is crucial to break the intergenerational cycle of stunting and foster the development of quality human resources.
Description of Community Satisfaction at Puskesmas Lok Bahu During The Implementation of Primary Care Integration Noor, Zulhijrian; Adrianto, Ratno; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : In January 2025, the Mayor's decree designated all Community Health Center in Samarinda as Primary Health Service Integration Implementers. The initiative aims offer comprehensive services the encompass all stage of life, from infancy to the erderly. It is expected that change will improve the quality of care and enhance community satisfaction. Puskesmas Lok Bahu measures satisfaction through the Community Satisfaction Survey in accordance with Permenpan No.14 of 2017. Over the past three years, satisfaction scores have shown some variation but have consistenly remain in the very good category. Objective : This reasearch aims to describe community satisfaction at Puskesmas Lok Bahu during the implementation of primary care integration. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This reasearch employs a descriptive method, utilizing secondary data collected from a community satisfaction survey in first semester of 2025 from 398 respondents at Puskesmas Lok Bahu Results : The Community Satisfaction Index stands of 89. The lowest score was related to serviced periode, which received at rating of 3.435, while the highest score were for handling complaints from service users and service rates, both of which scored 3.857. A notable issue with service timing was identified due to an insufficient number of medical personnel in relation to patient visits, the center had only two doctors, and one of whom also served as the head of Puskesmas Conclusion/Lesson Learned : It is recommended to consider the addition of medical personnel and to enhance the queuing system along with information technology solutions to effectively redice patient wait times.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Ahmad Fadhlil Azhim Adrianto, Ratno Afifah, Wiwin Vidiyastana Akhmad Azmiardi Al Ahmadi, Khumairotul Zahroh Anggraini, Ike Anggreini, Putri Anita Sari Arfandi, Muh Amri Arfandi, Muh. Amri Arlina Azka Asari, Sendila Ernesy Asrianti, Tanti Astuti - Astuti, Ashri Budi Ayudhia Rachmawati Azmiardi, Akmad Bahtiar, Rahmat Bakhtiar, Rahmat Basri, Samsinar Budi, Eko Prasetya Cahyana, Yudi Jaya Dzikri, Akhmad Erlina Erlina Erwina, Brigita Win Fahmi, Muhammad Maulana Fahrul Rozi Hapsari, Palupi Setyo Hasmy, Lestiani Aulia Herliani, Resda Hilda Hilda Husna Husna Ike Anggraeni Insany, Vicca Yulia Intan Kurnia, Intan Iriyani Kamaruddin, Iriyani Iriyani, Iriyani Ismail AB, Ismail Iwan Muhamad Ramdan Jami'an, Jami'an Jenissa, Abel Junaidin, Junaidin K., Iriyani Kasih, Ketut Pilih Kurniasih, Hefi Lestari, Ida Ayu Indira Dwika Listiani, Dwi Listiyani, Dwi Maharani, Siti Malikha Zalzabila Majiding, Chaidir Masyhuri Manik, Frisca Anggraeni Mochamad Makin, Mochamad Muhammad Noor Muhammad Nuzul Azhim Ash Siddiq Naim, Tanti Asrianti Nisaa, Nur Rezky Khairun Noor, Zulhijrian Noorhayaty, Noorhayaty Norsehan, Norsehan Nozomi, Alwan Zakki Nugraha, Purwa Nurlianti Nurlianti, Nurlianti Nursakti Nursakti Pamowa, Agustina Simanangi Pasinggi, Miako Permani, Relung Adiniah Pradita, Adelia Putri Purnama, Tasha Citra Rachmawati, Ira Puspa Rahmadani, Aulia Tia Rahmadina, Andi Nur Nayla Rahmi Susanti Ramadhani, Irma Ramdam, Iwan Muhammad Ramdan, Iwan M Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Risdayanti, Rikha Nur Risva Risva S Siswanto Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki Safika, Erri Larene Saputri, Amelia Indah Saputri, Deby Indah Sari, Mila Warma Septiana, Lisa Setianingtyas, Endah Dwi Sigit, Ratih Fianni Silitonga, Hesty Erika Sinthary, Venna Sitorus, Rame Sudarmiyati, Nunuk Suleman, Angellia Sumarianto, Arif Sungkono, Indari Yayuk Ummi Khuzaimah Utami, Dian Margi Vanessa Vanessa Verry Asfirizal Vionita, Wanda Dila Wahyuni, Leny Eka Tyas Wardani, Nunuk Kusuma Widiyaningsih, Heny Surya Wijayanti, Dwi Astuti Noor Wirawanti, Ika Wirya Yadi, Yadi Yuniasih, Arista Dian