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All Journal Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development (JPH RECODE) Jurnal Abdi Insani Indonesian Journal of Global Health research Jurnal Kedokteran Mulawarman Pancasakti Journal Of Public Health Science And Research Wal'afiat Hospital Journal BIOGRAPH-I: Journal of Biostatistics and Demographic Dynamic Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Jurnal Sehat Indonesia (JUSINDO) WAL'AFIAT HOSPITAL JOURNAL Journal of Mestika Nusantara Satu Community Services Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology Proceeding Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Symbiohealth Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia
Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Department Of Epidemiology, Faculty Of Public Health, Mulawarman University
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Characteristics of Patients with HIV/AIDS Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy at Loa Bakung Community Health Center Relung Adiniah Permani; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Akmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, making the body more susceptible to various infections. AIDS refers to a collection of symptoms and infections associated with a weakened immune system due to HIV infection. Loa Bakung Community Health Center is one of the healthcare facilities in Samarinda that provides ART services for patients with HIV/AIDS. Objective : This study aims to describe characteristics of patients with HIV/AIDS undergoing ART at Loa Bakung Community Health Center. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study used a retrospective descriptive method with secondary data from medical records and SIHA 2.1 application. The population included all HIV/AIDS patients undergoing ART at Loa Bakung Community Health Center from January 2023 to December 2024. The data were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of frequency distribution tables and percentages. Results : Of the 33 HIV/AIDS patients undergoing ART, the majority were male (64%) aged 20-39 years (84%) and had a high school education (76%). Most patients were employed (55%) and single (52%). The largest population group was partners of key populations/PLHIV/STI patients (42%), followed by men who have sex with men (MSM) at 37%. The dominant ART regimen used was TLD (Tenofovir, Lamivudine, Dolutegravir) at 58%, with 87% of patients tested showing suppressed viral load results. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Increasing early detection, education on risky sexual behaviors, and optimizing counseling and patient support services are strategic steps to improve the success of ART and reduce the rate of HIV transmission.
Characteristics of Hypertension Patients at Loa Bakung Community Health Center Noorhayaty Noorhayaty; Iriyani Iriyani; Akhmad Azmiardi; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Hypertension is a non- communicable disease that is one of the main causes of premature death in the world. The World health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2025 there will be an increase in hypertension cases by around 80%, in 2000 from 639 million cases to 1.5 billion cases. Hypertension is the third leading cause of death in Indonesia for all ages. In 2015, surveys showed that 1 in 4 women and 1 in 5 men suffer from hypertension. Less than 1 in 5 people have hypertension that is well controlled and more than 9 million deaths are related to hypertension Objective : This study aims to determine the characteristics of hypertensive patients in Loa Bakung Community Health Center. The characteristics referred to gender, age, BMI, hypertension degree, and sub district. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : The method used is descriptive, with a total sampling technique of 251 people. Results : The study results showed that 80 (31.9%) were male patients with hypertension, while 171 (68.1%) were female. There were 146 adult patients aged 18-59 (58.2%), and 105 elderly patients (41.8%) aged over 60 years. There were 96 hypertensive patients with a normal BMI (38.2%), 98 overweight patients (39%), and 57 obese patients (22.7%). The number of patients with normal hypertension (after regular treatment) was 67 (26.7%), 53 pre-hypertension patients (21.1%), 94 grade I hypertension patients (37.5%), and 37 grade II hypertension patients (14.7%). Patients who live in Loa Bakung sub-district are 220 (87.6%), Loa Buah sub-district 21 (8.4%), other sub-districts 10 (4%). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The conclusion is that based on gender, there are more female patients than male patients, more adult hypertension patients (aged 15-59 years) than elderly patients, and more overweight patients have a BMI than other nutritional statuses. The number of hypertension patients with grade 1 hypertension is higher. Most hypertension patients who seek treatment at the Loa Bakung Community Health Center live in the Loa Bakung sub-district.
Narrative Review: Factors Associated with the Sexually TransmittedInfections (STIs) Among Tugboat Crews in the Mahakam River Nunuk Kusuma Wardani; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Akhmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a persistent global health concern, particularly among maritime workers such as tugboat crews. Prolonged sailing periods, limited healthcare access, and high-risk sexual behavior increase their vulnerability to infection. This narrative review aims to summarize key determinants influencing STI risks and prevention behaviors among tugboat crews in the Mahakam River area. Objective : This review seeks to identify and analyze the main determinants related to STI occurrence among tugboat crews, focusing on individual, social, and environmental aspects. The objectives include describing individual factors such as knowledge, attitude, and sexual behavior; exploring social and environmental determinants like social support, access to health services, and working conditions; and synthesizing evidence-based recommendations for strengthening STI prevention programs among maritime workers. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : Articles published between 2019 and 2025 were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords related to STIs, sailors, fishermen, and port workers. Thirty eligible studies in English were analyzed narratively to identify consistent determinants influencing STI prevention and risk. Results : The review revealed that low sexual health knowledge, negative attitudes toward STI prevention, and risky sexual behaviors are the dominant contributing factors. Additional barriers include stigma, cultural norms restricting sexual health discussion, and limited routine health screening among seafarers. These conditions increase vulnerability to STIs and hinder prevention efforts. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Tugboat crews on the Mahakam River face elevated risks of STIs due to behavioral, social, and structural challenges. Integrated approaches involving education, access to health services, and supportive policies are essential for effective STI prevention. This review provides evidence to guide targeted interventions and policy development in maritime health programs.
Overview Of E-Kianpuas patient Satisfaction on Five DimentionsSERVQUAL in Airputih Dental Health Services Tasha Citra Purnama; Ratno Adrianto; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Quality healthcare services are a top priority in improving community satisfaction as an indicator of public service performance. The Samarinda City Government, through the E- Kianpuas application, has introduced a digital-based public satisfaction survey to assess the quality of health services at community health centers (Puskesmas). This study focuses on dental and oral health services at the Air Putih Health Center, which play a vital role in enhancing community health status Objective : This study aims to describe community satisfaction with the quality of dental and oral health services using the E-Kianpuas application, analyzed through the five SERVQUAL dimensions: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A quantitative descriptive survey approach was employed, referring to Regulation of the Minister for Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform (Permenpan) No. 14 of 2017. Data were collected from the E-Kianpuas application in 2024 involving 24 respondents aged 18–66 years. Measurements used a 1–4 Likert scale and were analyzed descriptively to calculate averages and convert them into the Community Satisfaction Index (IKM). Results : The overall IKM score was 84.38, categorized as “Good.” The Assurance and Responsiveness dimensions achieved the highest scores, reflecting fast, transparent, and safe services. Meanwhile, Tangibles, Reliability, and Empathy received lower scores, particularly regarding facilities, service time, and staff politeness. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The E-Kianpuas application effectively evaluates health service quality and supports continuous improvement. Although Air Putih Health Center meets public expectations, enhancing physical facilities, procedural efficiency, and interpersonal communication is essential for optimal service quality.
Overview of Stunting Risk Factors in Toddlers in RT 02 and RT 04Simpang Pasir Village, Palaran District, Samarinda City. Vanessa Vanessa; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Stunting is a condition of chronic nutritional problems that causes failure to thrive in children and brain development is not in accordance with children at the age they should be. Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem caused by inadequate nutritional intake for a long time due to feeding that is not in accordance with nutritional needs. Objective : The problem of stunting which is currently a problem has an impact on various aspects, one of which is a decrease in the productivity of Human Resources (HR) in an area. Based on the results of the Indonesia Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) in 2021 conducted by the Ministry of Health, the stunting prevalence rate in Indonesia in 2021 was 24.4%, or decreased 6.4% from 30.8% in 2018. This study aims to determine the description of factors the risk of stunting in children under five in RT 02 and RT 04 Simpang Pasir Village, Paran District, Samarinda City. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This type uses a cross sectional design, with a total sample of 20 samples. Data was collected using an instrumental questionnaire and then performed univariate analysis and descriptive test. Results : The results obtained are to know the risk factors regarding stunting in toddlers in the area of RT 02 and RT 04 Simpang Pasir Village, Paran District, Samarinda City. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Based on the results of research conducted in the neighborhood units (RT) 02 and 04 of Simpang Pasir Village, Paran District, Samarinda City, it can be concluded that several risk factors contribute to stunting in toddlers. Through a cross-sectional design approach and univariate and descriptive analyses of 20 samples, it was found that stunting remains a chronic nutritional problem that impacts children's physical growth and brain development. These findings reinforce the importance of meeting nutritional needs from an early age and appropriate interventions to reduce stunting prevalence rates, especially at the smallest level, such as neighborhood associations.
Determinants of Risk Factors and HIV/AIDS Prevention Among Seafarers: A Narrative Review Muhammad Noor; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Yadi Yadi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Seafarers are a highly mobile maritime workforce vulnerable to risky sexual behaviors and limited access to HIV/AIDS testing and counseling. The dynamic port environment, combined with social and behavioral factors, heightens the risk of HIV transmission. Objective : to synthesize research findings on individual, social, and structural factors influencing HIV/AIDS prevention behaviors among seafarers in various ports in Indonesia and abroad. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A Narrative Review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases for studies published from 2019 to 2025. Eligible studies included quantitative or qualitative research addressing risk factors, preventive behaviors, or access to HIV-related health services among seafarers. Studies focusing solely on technical shipping aspects were excluded. Twenty-six articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed descriptively Results : Risky behaviors among seafarers were shaped by individual (knowledge, attitude, condom use), social (peer support, influence of sex workers, docking duration, marital status), and structural factors (health service access, port policy, education). Condom use was the most dominant protective factor, while knowledge alone did not guarantee preventive behavior. Institutional and peer support promoted safe practices, but limited screening and counseling services at ports remained barriers. Cross-sector collaboration and free services supported better prevention outcomes Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Effective HIV/AIDS prevention among seafarers requires multidimensional interventions addressing behavioral, social, and policy aspects. Strengthening port health services, enhancing education, and expanding counseling and testing access are essential to reduce HIV risk in maritime populations
Overview of Health Worker Training Effectiveness Using Blended andClassical Methods at Bapelkes East Kalimantan Nur Asiyah; Ratno Adrianto; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Health worker training is a strategic effort to improve the competence, professionalism, and readiness of health workers in facing health service challenges. Research. Objective : This study aims to evaluate the application of training methods, participant distribution, and the effectiveness of both methods in improving the competence of health workers, as well as identifying gaps (GAP) in the implementation of training. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : The research approach is descriptive and evaluative. Data were collected from 2247 trainees based on district/city, gender, employment status, profession, and training method. Results : Large cities such as Samarinda, Balikpapan, and Kutai Kartanegara dominated the number of participants, while remote districts were fewer. The majority of participants were women (77.9%) and ASN (69.5%). The dominant professions are nurses (29.6%) and midwives (24.3%), while minority professions (psychiatrists, medical records, nurse anaesthetists) are very few (<1%). The Classical Method is still dominant (90.5%) with 80% interactive, while the new Blended Learning is 9.48% with 20% interactive. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Training at UPTD Bapelkes in East Kalimantan Province has reached various professions and districts, but there are still gaps in the distribution of participants, training methods, and participation of minority professions.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Ahmad Fadhlil Azhim Adrianto, Ratno Afifah, Wiwin Vidiyastana Akhmad Azmiardi Akhmad Azmiardi Akmad Azmiardi Al Ahmadi, Khumairotul Zahroh Alwan Zakki Nozomi Andriani, Rima Anggreini, Putri Anita Sari Arfandi, Muh. Amri Arlina Azka Arlina Azka Asari, Sendila Ernesy Ashri Budi Astuti Asrianti, Tanti Astuti - Astuti, Ashri Budi Ayudhia Rachmawati Bahtiar, Rahmat Bakhtiar, Rahmat Basri, Samsinar Budi, Eko Prasetya Cahyana, Yudi Jaya Dwi Listiyani Dzikri, Akhmad Erlina Erlina Erlina Erlina Erri Larene Safika Erwina, Brigita Win Fahmi, Muhammad Maulana Fahrul Rozi Frisca Anggraeni Manik Hapsari, Palupi Setyo Hefi Kurniasih Herliani, Resda Hilda Hilda Husna Husna Ike Anggraeni Indriani, Dilla C Insany, Vicca Yulia Irirwanas, Intannia D Iriyani Iriyani Iriyani Kamaruddin, Iriyani Ismail AB, Ismail Iwan Muhamad Ramdan Jami'an, Jami'an Jenissa, Abel Junaidin, Junaidin K., Iriyani Kasih, Ketut Pilih Lestari, Ida Ayu Indira Dwika Listiani, Dwi Majiding, Chaidir Masyhuri Mochamad Makin, Mochamad Muh. Amri Arfandi Muh. Amri Arfandi Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim Muhammad Noor Muhammad Noor Muhammad Nuzul Azhim Ash Siddiq Nabila Vebiana Soviadi Naim, Tanti Asrianti Nisaa, Nur Rezky Khairun Noorhayaty Noorhayaty Noorhayaty, Noorhayaty Norsehan, Norsehan Nozomi, Alwan Zakki Nugraha, Purwa Nunuk Kusuma Wardani Nur Asiyah Nurlianti Nurlianti Nursakti Nursakti Pasiakan, Meli Pasinggi, Miako Pradita, Adelia Putri Rachmawati, Ira Puspa Rahmadani, Aulia Tia Rahmadina, Andi Nur Nayla Rahmi Susanti Ramadhani, Irma Ramadhani, Reza W Ramdam, Iwan Muhammad Ramdan, Iwan M Ratih Fianni Sigit Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Relung Adiniah Permani Risdayanti, Rikha Nur Risva Risva Risva Riyanto, Rudy Agus S Siswanto Sabena, Mela Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki Saputri, Amelia Indah Saputri, Deby Indah Sari, Mila Warma Septiana, Lisa Setianingtyas, Endah Dwi Sigit, Ratih Fianni Sinthary, Venna Siswanto Siswanto Siswanto Siti Malikha Zalzabila Maharani siti nurlela Sitorus, Rame Sudarmiyati, Nunuk Suleman, Angellia Sumarianto, Arif Sungkono, Indari Yayuk Tasha Citra Purnama Tetra Hidayati Ummi Khuzaimah Vanessa Vanessa Vionita, Wanda Dila Wahyudi Wahyudi Wahyuni, Leny Eka Tyas Wardani, Nunuk Kusuma Wijayanti, Dwi Astuti Noor Wirawanti, Ika Wirya Yadi Yadi Yadi, Yadi Yuniasih, Arista Dian Zakki Saefurrohim, Muhamad