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Ali Masyhar

Fakultas Hukum Universitas Negeri Semarang

Author-ID : 317725

Religion Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Reimagining Criminal Liability in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Toward a Comparative and Reform-Oriented Legal Framework Maskur, Muhammad Azil; Masyhar, Ali; Damayanti, Ratih; Ramada, Diandra Preludio; Sanyal, Subhra
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): October, 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i4.35540

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly permeate decision-making processes across sectors—from autonomous vehicles to predictive algorithms in finance and law enforcement—traditional frameworks of criminal liability face unprecedented challenges. This article critically examines the adequacy of existing criminal law doctrines in attributing liability when harm arises from autonomous or semi-autonomous AI actions. It explores the tension between actus reus and mens rea in cases involving algorithmic behavior, and interrogates whether AI entities can or should be treated as legal subjects under penal law. Through a comparative legal analysis of jurisdictions including the United States, the European Union, Japan, and Indonesia, the study identifies divergent approaches to regulating AI-related harm and assigning culpability. The article highlights emerging models such as strict liability, vicarious liability, and hybrid regulatory frameworks, and evaluates their potential for adaptation within Indonesia’s evolving legal system. Special attention is given to the role of developers, corporations, and state actors in shaping accountability mechanisms. The paper concludes by proposing a normative framework for reimagining criminal liability in the age of AI—one that balances innovation with legal certainty, and integrates ethical safeguards, technological transparency, and procedural fairness. This framework aims to inform future legislative reform in Indonesia and contribute to global discourse on AI governance and criminal justice.

Alasan Pembenar Korban yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Perspektif Teori Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Justika Hairani; Ali Masyhar; Cahya Wulandari
Khatulistiwa: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): September : Khatulistiwa: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora
Publisher : Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/khatulistiwa.v5i3.6560

This article explores the concept of justifying grounds (alasan pembenar) in the context of victims who commit criminal acts, analyzed through the lens of criminal liability theory. Under Indonesian criminal law, criminal liability requires the existence of an unlawful act; however, certain conditions may negate the unlawful nature of such acts, one of which includes justifying grounds. The focus of this article is to examine situations in which victims engage in criminal behavior as a response to threats or assaults they have experienced, such as in cases of self defense or coercion. The research employs a normative legal approach by analyzing statutory regulations and legal doctrines. The findings indicate that the application of justifying grounds can exempt victims from criminal liability if their actions meet specific criteria outlined in the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP), particularly Articles 48 and 49. The article underscores the importance of a contextual approach in the application of criminal law and highlights the need for caution among law enforcement authorities when evaluating cases in which victims become perpetrators, in order to uphold justice and ensure balanced legal protection.

Progressionism Restorative Justice Policies in Achieving Rehabilitative Criminal Justice Wibowo, Muhtar Hadi; Mursyid, Ali Masyhar; Widyawati, Anis
IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) Vol 9, No 1 (2024): Indonesia J. Crim. L. Studies (May, 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcls.v9i1.50292

This study aims to deeply examine and analyze ideal restorative justice policies, focusing on actualizing rehabilitative criminal law enforcement. By directly observing law in action, it explores how these policies are implemented and their impact, providing insights into effective, humane approaches within the criminal justice system.The main problems are how are the progressivism of restorative justice policy works in actualizing criminal enforcement that is rehabilitative?. Research method is Socio Legal, which is done by studying secondary data and conducting interviews. After that, the collected data is analyzed through a qualitative way. The urgency of this study lies in the frequent use of restorative justice policies for prosecuting criminal offenders. Through comprehensive, recent socio-legal research, this study examines the ideal implementation of restorative justice to achieve rehabilitative criminal law enforcement. Findings indicate that restorative justice should enable law enforcers to use penal codes as rehabilitative tools. The study concludes that restorative justice policies should include compensation requirements proportionate to the perpetrator's crime, ensuring a balanced and effective rehabilitative approach within the legal framework.

Effectiveness of Ship Sinking of Illegal Fishing in Term of the Improvement of Local Fishermen Income Maskur, Muhammad Azil; Masyhar, Ali; Kusuma, Bagus Hendradi; Widyawati, Anis
IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) Vol 6, No 2 (2021): Indonesia J. Crim. L. Studies (November, 2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcls.v6i2.33915

Illegal fishing in Indonesia is at an alarming point, that the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries made a policy of ship sinking. There are pros and cons related to these sanctions, not even a little resistance from both the internal government itself and the mafia who have been enjoying the results of Illegal Fishing. The sustainability of this policy has been almost 4 years. Data represents that through this policy, illegal fishing has dropped dramatically, so that when viewed in terms of criminal penalties for deterrence (absolute theory), the policy is very effective. However, whether the policy has an impact on the income of local fishermen, logically, when there is illegal fishing of small fish, the income of local fishermen increases. In order to figure out the effectiveness of illegal fishing sanctions in relation to increasing local fishermen’s income, the researchers determined the location of the study in the Tambak Lorok Fishing Village in Semarang.

The Urgency of Anti-SLAPP Regulatory Renewal in Indonesian Environmental Law Kamal, Ubaidillah; Masyhar, Ali; Fikri, Muhammad Adymas Hikal; Rajib, Rayi Kharisma; Idris, Siti Hafsyah
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol. 19 No. 1 (2024): June, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.vol19i1.7237

Indonesian Environmental Law has regulated Anti-Strategic Litigation Against Public Participation (Anti-SLAPP) which guarantees protection to everyone who fights for the right to a good and healthy environment, not to be criminally prosecuted or sued civilly, as stipulated in Article 66 of the UUPPLH. Hope is still far from reality, because data shows that many communities and/or environmental warriors are victims of SLAPPs as part of the backlash from those they report or oppose when they participate and defend people's right to a good and healthy environment. This article aims to discuss; (1) Problems of Anti-SLAPP Regulation and Application in Indonesia and (2) The Urgency of renewal Anti-SLAPP Regulations in Indonesian Environmental Law. The research method uses normative juridical methods. The results of the discussion showed that (1) the problems of regulating and implementing Anti-SLAPP include three elements, namely legal substance problems, legal structure problems and problems in legal culture: and (2) There are at least 7 reasons that cause the urgency of renewal of Anti-SLAPP Regulations in Indonesian environmental law to be able to realize the protection of society participation in environmental protection and management.

Implikasi Teori Hukum Feminis terhadap Interpretasi dan Penerapan Hukum dalam Kasus-Kasus Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Susanto, Joko; Utari, Indah Sri; Mursyid, Ali Masyhar
Bookchapter Hukum dan Politik dalam Berbagai Perspektif Vol. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Bookchapter Hukum dan Politik dalam Berbagai Perspektif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/hp.v3i1.215

Dari perspektif sejarah, kekerasan merupakan salah satu masalah sosial yang paling lama bertahan, mungkin bahkan lebih tua daripada peradaban manusia. Ini mengherankan karena manusia pada dasarnya adalah makhluk homo homini lupus, yang merujuk pada pemikiran filsuf kenamaan Aristoteles, bahwa manusia bisa menjadi serigala bagi orang lain dan bisa menjadi "kanibal" dalam arti bahwa mereka dapat melakukan kekerasan terhadap sesamanya dalam situasi tertentu, baik dalam bentuk fisik atau verbal. Kekerasan berbasis gender adalah salah satu jenis kekerasan yang telah menjadi masalah besar selama bertahun-tahun. Fenomena ini merupakan masalah global yang masih menjadi subjek diskusi di berbagai forum di dalam negeri, regional, dan internasional. Kekerasan berbasis gender tidak hanya terjadi pada kaum perempuan; itu juga dapat terjadi pada laki-laki atau kelompok lain seperti laki-laki, atau kaum Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual, dan Transgender (LGBT). Namun, data menunjukkan bahwa lebih sering terjadi pada kaum perempuan. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk memahami dan mempelajari konsekuensi serta penerapan hukum atas kasus kekerasan berbasis gender dari perspektif teori hukum feminis, juga dikenal sebagai teori hukum feminis. Teori ini menyatakan bahwa karena perspektif laki-laki adalah dasar hukum, aturan saat ini masih dianggap sebagai hasil dari patriarki. Dalam bahasan artikel ini, metode hukum normatif digunakan, yaitu ulasan literatur. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan adanya konsekuensi hukum yang mendukung gagasan hukum feminis yang tidak terbatas pada negara tertentu.

Kajian Hukum Pidana Dalam Membuang Sampah Tidak Pada Tempatnya Pratiwi, Luh Prabha; Masyhar, Ali; Wulandari, Cahya
Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Masalah sampah kini tetap jadi problema yang sukar diselesaikan, disebabkan karena rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat perlunya jaga kebersihan lingkungan, dengan tak buang sampah selain ke dalam tong sampah. Penyelesaian hukum untuk warga sembarangan buang sampah di jalan tak sama di tiap wilayah. Peraturan ini menyiratkan kewenangan kepada pemerintah setempat guna menentukan hukuman unutk orang yang buang sampah sembarangan. Untuk kasus membuang sampah sembarangan, tampaknya lebih cenderung menggunakan teori relatif, yang mana hukuman digunakan untuk mengoreksi pelaku sehingga pelaku tidak mengulangi perbuatannya di masa depan. Kini sistem hukum pidana Indonesia cenderung mengikuti pandangan teori relatif. Tapi pada praktiknya bermunculan masalah serta perdebatan, sehingga telah waktunya dilakukannya refleksi guna menemukan ide baru berkaitan dengan teori hukum pidana Indonesia.

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Bagi Jurnalis Atas Pemberitaan Identitas Anak Korban Asusila: Analisis Perbandingan Hukum Indonesia dan Malaysia Susanto, Joko; Mursyid, Ali Masyhar; Widyawati, Anis; Utari, Indah Sri; Zjubaidi, Falikha Ardiyani
Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 7 (2025): Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/cerdika.v5i7.2616

Artikel ini mengkaji tentang isu penting terkait kebebasan pers dan perlindungan identitas anak korban asusila. Dalam konteks hukum pidana, pertanyaan mengenai tanggung jawab pidana bagi jurnalis atas pelanggaran privasi identitas anak korban asusila menjadi sangat relevan dalam era media modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan perbandingan regulasi hukum di Indonesia dan Malaysia terkait pertanggungjawaban pidana jurnalis dalam kasus pemberitaan identitas anak korban asusila. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Indonesia dan Malaysia memiliki peraturan hukum yang berbeda terkait pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi jurnalis, keduanya memiliki prinsip-prinsip yang serupa dalam perlindungan identitas anak korban asusila. Evaluasi mendalam terhadap kasus-kasus yang telah terjadi menunjukkan bahwa implementasi hukum terkait pelanggaran tersebut masih memiliki celah yang perlu diperbaiki. Diperlukan pendekatan yang lebih holistik dan komprehensif dalam menangani kasus-kasus sensasionalisme media yang merugikan anak korban asusila. Berdasarkan analisis ini, implementasi regulasi yang lebih ketat dan sanksi yang tegas terhadap pelanggaran hukum terkait pemberitaan identitas anak korban asusila akan menjadi langkah efektif dalam mencegah penyalahgunaan kebebasan pers demi kepentingan publik. Melalui pemahaman mendalam terkait perbandingan hukum antara Indonesia dan Malaysia dalam kasus pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi jurnalis atas pemberitaan identitas anak korban asusila, diharapkan dapat lebih meningkatkan kesadaran akan pentingnya perlindungan anak korban asusila dan mendorong perbaikan perundang-undangan guna mencapai keadilan yang lebih baik dalam konteks ini.

Eksistensi dan Perluasan Asas Legalitas dalam Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1946 dan Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 2023 Dyajeng Ayu Musdalifah; Ali Masyhar; Cahya Wulandari
JISPENDIORA Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Pendidikan Dan Humaniora Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): April: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Pendidikan Dan Humaniora
Publisher : Badan Penerbit STIEPARI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56910/jispendiora.v4i1.2485

The principle of legality is a fundamental concept in criminal law that ensures legal certainty by stipulating that an act can only be punished if it has been clearly regulated by law prior to its commission and is not applied retroactively. This principle protects individuals from arbitrary actions by law enforcement and serves as the main foundation for criminal law enforcement. However, its application must be balanced with attention to substantive justice through interpretations that are responsive to the social and cultural context of society. Thus, the principle of legality not only guarantees legal certainty but also allows room for balanced and dynamic justice, functioning as a bridge between legal certainty and justice within the criminal justice system.

Breaking the Cycle of Injustice: Revolutionizing Human Rights Violations Resolution Through the 1945 Constitution Amancik, Amancik; Saifulloh, Putra Perdana Ahmad; Masyhar, Ali; Nur, Asrul Ibrahim; Barus, Sonia Ivana
Lex Scientia Law Review Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): Advancing Justice, Rights, and Governance in a Digital and Decentralized World
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lslr.v8i2.7460

The stagnation of human rights enforcement in Indonesia's Reformation Era has highlighted a critical imbalance: the current system prioritizes punishing perpetrators of serious human rights violations over addressing the recovery and well-being of victims. This research introduces The Constitution of Peace as a transformative, victim-centered model for resolving serious human rights violations outside the courtroom, aligning with the principles and soul of the 1945 Constitution. The proposed model comprises three innovative approaches: first, mediation facilitated by the National Human Rights Commission to foster dialogue and accountability; second, the provision of compensation, restitution, and assistance to victims through the Witness and Victim Protection Agency, ensuring tangible support for recovery; and third, an official apology by the relevant authority, accompanied by the fulfillment of economic, social, and culpability obligations. Together, these measures aim to correct the limitations of the current retributive framework by prioritizing restorative justice and victim empowerment. By embracing these victim-oriented solutions, this model not only addresses the legal and moral obligations enshrined in the 1945 Constitution but also fosters reconciliation and societal healing. The research underscores the transformative potential of the Constitution as a foundation for peace, justice, and the resolution of entrenched human rights challenges. It calls for a paradigm shift from punitive measures to a more holistic approach, ensuring that justice serves both the dignity of victims and the broader goal of national harmony.

Co-Authors Abidah, Shofriya Qonitatin Abu, Roziya Ade Adhari Adymas Hikal Fikri, Muhammad Afifah, Bayyinatun Aflah, Muhammad Hilmi Naufal Ahadi, Nugroho Ahmad Gelora Mahardika Ali Murtadho Allamah, Gita Nuzula Amancik Amancik Amira, Btari Anis Widyawati Anis Widyawati Aprila Niravita Aprila Niravita, Aprila Ariyad, Fikri Aryanda, Avilla Deva ASYAFFA RIDZQI AMANDHA Avilla Deva Aryanda Baehaqi Bagus Hendradi Kusuma Bahriyah, Amalina Zukhrufatul Barus, Sonia Ivana Bin Hassan, Muhammad Sayuti Btari Amira Cahya Wulandari Chhachhar, Varun Cholidin, Achmad Cipta, Rachmadan Eka Damanik, Yeriko Anugrah Pratama Deo Syahputra, Bearlly Dewi Sulistianingsih Diandra Preludio Ramada, Diandra Preludio Didik Purnomo, Didik Dwi Cahyaningdyah Dyajeng Ayu Musdalifah Edi Waluyo Eko Handoyo Emovwodo, Silaas Oghenemaro Eram Tunggul Pawenang Eram Tunggul Pawenang Fahreshi Arya Pinthaka Fahrur Rozi Fatihah, Kaila Intan Febriyanti, Diyah Anggun Fikri, Muhammad Adymas Hikal Fikriyah, Amalina Fuad, Adib Nor Ghoni, Muhammad Haidar Harmoko, Fendi Setyo Hassan, Muhamad Sayuti Heru S.P. Saputra Hidayatuzzakia, Hana Hudha Bagus Setyadi Idris, Siti Hafsyah Ilahi, M. Ridho Irma Yuliawati, Irma JOKO SUSANTO Joko Widodo Juniza Indah Setiawati Justicea, Nadela Justika Hairani Kamaludin Kamaludin Kusuma, Bagus Hendradi Lagura, Syatriawan Laskarwati, Batari Maharani, Ferra Tiara Martitah Martitah Maskur, M. Azil Masrukhi Masrukhi Muhammad Azam Muhammad Azil Maskur Muhammad Azil Maskur Muhammad Azil Maskur Muhammad Wahyu Alfakar Muhtar Hadi Wibowo Musdalifah, Dyajeng Ayu Nadela Justicea Nadhira Madania Dimarti Naelufar, Rizqan Ngboawaji Daniel Nte Ningsih, Ayup Suran Nitha, Fitha Ayun Lutvia Nur, Asrul Ibrahim Obe, Redentor G A Paudel , Dolendra Pratiwi, Luh Prabha Puji Astuti Putra Perdana Ahmad Saifulloh, Putra Perdana Ahmad Putri Balqis Nuril Hakim Rachmadan Eka Cipta Rahman, Aisha Nur Rahmiati Rahmiati Rahmiati Rahmiati Rajib, Rayi Kharisma Ramadhani, Arief Ramli, Asmarani Rasdi Rasdi, Rasdi Ratih Damayanti Ridwan Arifin Rodiyah - Rohadhatul Aisy Ryadi, Arief Sabri, Ahmad Zaharuddin Sani Ahmad Saman, Moh Sanyal, Subhra Sebastian, Naufal Setiawati, Juniza Indah Shidqon Prabowo, Muchammad Siti Mursidah Solihah, Emi Nugraheni Sonny Saptoajie Wicaksono Sudibya, Dafa Pranaja Sarwahita Sugiyarta Stanislaus, Sugiyarta Suhadi Suhadi Sukamto Sukamto Suwito, Nikodemus Syatriawan Lagura Tamba, Arni Ranita Tiara Maharani, Tiara Triandani, Salsabila Trias Saputra Ubaidillah Kamal Ulya, Laila Listiana Usman Usman Wahyudi Wahyudi Wahyudi Wahyudi Wardhani, Harumsari Puspa Waspiah - Wedhatami, Bayangsari Wibowo, Muhtar Hadi Widodo, Mulyo Widodo, Mulyo Wilson, Jack Andrew Windiahsari, Windiahsari Zjubaidi, Falikha Ardiyani zulfa Sakhiyya

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