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All Journal Jurnal Penelitian Saintek EKSAKTA: Journal of Sciences and Data Analysis POSITRON Jurnal Kimia Khatulistiwa Sainstek BERKALA SAINSTEK Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Biomedika Pharmacon Jurnal Kimia Mulawarman Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Buletin Farmatera Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Dinamisia: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat JURNAL EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Jambura Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis ISM (Intisari Sains Medis) : Jurnal Kedokteran Jurnal Farmamedika (Pharmamedica Journal) Abdimas Galuh: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika Jurnal Math-UMB.EDU Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal Jurnal Akademika Kimia Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Journal of Comprehensive Science Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Komunita: Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Jurnal Laboratorium Khatulistiwa Journal of The Indonesian Society of Integrated Chemistry al Kimiya : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan
Ari Widiyantoro
Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak 78124
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity of Jeruk Sambal (Citrus microcarpa Bunge) Peel Extract Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Syarifah Nurul Yanti Rizki Syahab Asseggaf; Mistika Zakiah; Ari Widiyantoro; Mahyarudin Mahyarudin; Chika Dila Ananda; Anggi Sagita Siti Qomariah; Patricia Evelyn Lino Boli; Mirandha Aussiemegan Jusaim
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1777-1783

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance has increased the need to explore plant-based sources of antibacterial agents. This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents and compared the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of jeruk sambal (Citrus microcarpa Bunge) peels against gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). A laboratory experimental study was performed using a completely randomized design with a post-test-only control group. Phytochemical compounds were identified through qualitative screening, while antibacterial activity was measured using the disc diffusion method. The extract contained phenolics (+++), flavonoids (+++), alkaloids (++), saponins (+), and tannins (+). Inhibition of gram negative bacteria was observed at 60% and 80%, with inhibition zones of 7.80 and 7.83 mm, respectively. For gram positive bacteria, inhibition occurred at 40%, 60%, and 80%, measuring 6.93, 8.88, and 10.25 mm, respectively. The extract showed moderate antibacterial activity, with stronger inhibition against gram positive bacteria 60% concentration demonstrated the most effective activity against both bacteria.
Co-Authors Ade Mariadi Aderiya Munika Afandi Afandi Agus Malik Ibrahim Agus Wibowo Ahmad Yani Nelly Wahyuni Lia Destiarti Ajuk Sapar Andi Hairil Alimuddin Andi Hairil Alimuddin Anggi Sagita Siti Qomariah Anis Shofiyani Anis Shofiyani Annisa Dyah Astari Putri Annisa Firdaus, Navisa Arif Sulaiman Aritonang, Anthoni B. Asseggaf, Syarifah Nurul Yanti Rizki Syahab Bagus Muhammad Ihsan Banu Prasetya Boima Ramses Situmeang Chika Dila Ananda Danang Mustofa Dede Suratman Delima Fajar Liana Diana Natalia Diana Natalia Dila, Gata Diva Feraldy Elvi Rusmiyanto Pancaning Wardoyo, Suci Lestari, Mukarlina, Endah Sayekti Eny Enawaty Gusrizal Gusrizal Haratua Tiur Maria Silitonga Haris, Muhammad Faisal Harlia Harlia Harlia Harlia Harlia Harlia Harlia Harlia Harlia Harlia Herlinda Djohan Ikhwan, Darul Imelda Hotmarisi Silalahi Indrawati, Ratih Indri Kusharyanti Jayuska, Afghani Julinton Sianturi Kahtan, Muhammad Ibnu Kamarullah Khairiyah, Uun Rabi'atul Kristina Damiyanti Kustiati Kustiati M. Irfani Hendri Mahyarudin, Mahyarudin Mardhia, Mardhia Maryati Maryati Maulidiyah Salim Millenia, Millenia Mirandha Aussiemegan Jusaim Mistika Zakiah Mohamad Adam Mustapa Muhammad Akib Yuswar Muhammad Akib Yuswar Muhammad Basri Muhammad Faisal Haris Muhammad Ibnu Kahtan Muhammad Ibnu Kahtan Nafsiatun Nelly Wahyuni Nur Oktivianti Dewi Nurhayati Bialangi Nurlina, Nurlina Nurul Asikin Patricia Evelyn Lino Boli Puji Ardiningsih Putri, Annisa Dyah Astari Putri, Rinka Carolina Rachmadi, Octavian Rahayu, Warsi Kurnia Ratna Wardani Ratnawaty, Gervacia Jenny Ratu Safitri Risa Nofiani Risa Nofiani Rr. Erni Kusuma Putri Rudiyansyah Rudiyansyah Rudiyansyah Rudiyansyah Rudiyansyah Rudiyansyah Sadenta, Deby Pascalia Samsol Samsol Sari Damayanti Sari, Emilda Septian Triadi Syahputra Sharon Angelia Shofiyani, Anis Siti Khotimah Sulistyo, Luthfi Imam Susanto, Dhessy Tariz Zharfan ME Thamrin Usman Thamrin Usman Thamrin Usman Titik Lestari Titin Anita Titin Anita Zahara Titin Anita Zahara, Titin Anita Tria Susanti Unang Supratman Uray Ristian Wahyuningsih, Aprilia Tri Warsi Kurnia Rahayu Warsidah, Warsidah Weny Musa Wibowo, M. Agus Wibowo, Muhamad Agus Winda Rahmalia Yoga Pratama Yuswar, Muhammad Akib Yuszda K Salimi Zaharah, Titin Anita