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The Role of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding for Successful Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Mothers in Indonesia Sumarmi, Sri; Laksono, Agung Dwi; Samsudin, Mohamad; Kusumawardani, Hastin Dyah; Rohmah, Nikmatur; Wisnuwardani, Ratih Wirapuspita
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 16, No 1 (2026): (April 2026)
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/nmjn.v16i1.70686

Abstract

Background: Working mothers are often considered at risk for suboptimal exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) due to employment-related constraints. Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is widely recognized as a critical first step in optimal infant feeding; however, its specific contribution to sustained EBF among working mothers remains insufficiently quantified at the national level.Purpose: This study examined the role of EIBF in achieving EBF among working mothers in Indonesia.Methods: This secondary analysis used data from the 2022 Indonesian National Nutritional Status Survey, including 46,130 children aged 0−23 months born to working mothers. Exclusive breastfeeding was the outcome, with early initiation of breastfeeding as the main exposure. Seven covariates were examined: residence, maternal age, marital status, education, household wealth, antenatal care utilization, and child gender. Adjusted associations were estimated using binary logistic regression.Results: The prevalence of EBF among working mothers was 40.4%, while 59.7% practiced EIBF. Working mothers who initiated breastfeeding within the first hour after birth were significantly more likely to achieve EBF than those who did not (AOR = 1.715; 95% CI: 1.706−1.724). All covariates showed significant associations with EBF.Conclusion: EIBF emerged as the strongest determinant of EBF among working mothers in Indonesia, even after controlling for socioeconomic and health service factors. These findings provide robust national evidence supporting the integration of EIBF as a core strategy within maternal health services and workplace breastfeeding policies. However, maternal socioeconomic characteristics, health service utilization, and contextual factors also shape EBF practices, indicating the need for comprehensive multi-level strategies.
Co-Authors Abdania, Hazizah Tausia Abigael, Marchya Adellia, Yerita Adrianto , Ratno Agung Dwi Laksono Agustini, Rina Tri Akbar, Paisal Akhmad Azmiardi Al-Ayubi, Moch Thoriq Assegaf Almi, Ihza Abi Said Amir, Maryam Annisa, Yulvia Septi Anwar, Alyssa Putri Ariani, Preati Ayu Asysyifa, Thisna Nugra Atting, Yenny Aurelya, Yasmine Naura Azizah, Nabila A’isyah, Siti Bambang Irawan Basrowi, Ray Wagiu Cahyantari, Umi Cantika, Rury Aulia Delezephs, Audinos H Fernando Erri Larene Safika Fadlillah, Muhammad Ridho Fahmi, Achmad Sabrani Fatimatuzahra, Tien Febrianti, Nur Aini Gifari, Muhammad Tijar Harahap, Karlina Sofyana Hariyani, Noor Harun, Siti Fadilah Hasanah, Ayesha Uswatun Herawan, Dea Aurela Herliani, Resda Himawan, Sania Miutia Irmabilla Husna Husna Husna, Miftahul Husnul Khotimah Ike Anggraeni Ilmawari, Izmi Indriani, Alya Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki Iriyani K Iriyani Kamaruddin, Iriyani K., Iriyani Kurniawati, Eva R Kusumawardani, Hastin Dyah Maliran, Shafa Minda Marini, Rina Mashud, Andine Demetria Padmanegara Mohamad Samsudin Muhammad Faisal Muhammad Noor Mutawakkiliin, Syifa’ul Alif Muyassarah, Zalfa Rania Nastitie Cinintya Nurzihan Noviasty, Reny Nozomi, Alwan Zakki Nugraha, Purwa Nur Rohmah Nurfadilla, Nurfadilla Nursafa, Andi Nurul Afiah Pakki, Irfansyah Baharudin Pamowa, Agustina Simanangi Papu, Theresa Rebecca Parengkuan, Sandra Pasiakan, Meli Pasinggi, Miako Pasqua, Venuta Della Prabawansyah, Nirgandhi Naib Putri, Regina Anindya Putri, Salwa Az Zahra PUTRI, TIARA Putri, ⁠Tiara Ananda Delisa Rahmayanti, Desy Anugerah Ramadhantya, Fazira Shinaia Rangga Aditya Pratama Risqillah, Abdul Ridho Dhafa Riyan Ningsih Riyanto, Rudy Agus Rizki, Agung Tribawa Rohmah, Nikmatur Roma Yuliana Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki Saputri, Anisatia Saputri, Deby Indah Sari, Aldyta Permata Sari, Rika Yunita Septiana, Lisa Sigit, Ratih Fianni Sihombing, Eggi Monica Silitonga, Hesty Erika Simatupang, Dhea Pebri A. C. Simpajo, Nurul Rizkiana Tistania Sinaga, Ribka Adelina Siti Maysarah Sophie, Emilia Sri Sumarmi Susanto, Riezfian Raditya Tri Agustini, Rina Triffani, Jeane Ubung, Brigitta Utami, Dian Margi Wahidah, Puja Nur Wardani, Nunuk Kusuma Wulandari, Putri Fauziah Xaveria, Azlia Yuardani, Yunda Yuniasih, Arista Dian