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USULAN PENINGKATAN EFEKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE OVERALL LABOR EFFECTIVENESS Vera Devani; Syafruddin Syafruddin
Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa dan Manajemen Sistem Informasi Vol 4, No 2 (2018): Agustus
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/rmsi.v4i2.5684

Abstract

Overall Labor Effectiveness (OLE) adalah indikator kinerja kunci yang mengukur utulitas, kinerja, dan kualitas tenaga kerja beserta dampaknya terhadap produktivitas. Indikator untuk mengukur nilai OLE adalah ketersediaan (availability), kinerja (performance), dan kualitas (quality). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan nilai Overall Labor Effectiveness (OLE), menentukan akar penyebabnya dan usulan perbaikan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai OLE tertinggi pada bulan Juli yaitu, 92,9% sedangkan nilai terendah pada bulan Agustus yaitu 72,9%. Nilai availability 54,2%-79,4%, performance 62,9-100%, dan quality 98,8%-99,6%. Dari ketiga indikator dalam menentukan nilai OLE terlihat bahwa nilai terendah terdapat pada nilai availability. Untuk meningkatkan nilai OLE, faktor tenaga kerja harus mendapat perhatian dengan cara mengurangi tingkat ketidakhadiran. Usulan untuk peningkatan nilai OLE kepada perusahaan adalah melakukan pelatihan secara berkala, memotivasi karyawan dan melakukan pengawasan terhadap karyawan, sedangkan untuk memenuhi target perusahaan sebaiknya dilakukan penempatan tenaga kerja yang sesuai dengan keahliannya.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 57 Parepare Hasnah Hasnah; Fajar Fajar; Syafruddin Syafruddin
Publikasi Pendidikan Vol 7, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Prodi PGSD FIP UNM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (247.527 KB) | DOI: 10.26858/publikan.v7i2.2932

Abstract

The problem in this research is the low learning outcomes Social Sciences. The problems that were examined, namely How did the process of implementing a model of cooperative-type Numbered Head Together in social studies materials Struggle Maintaining Independence of Indonesia in class V?, Is the application of models of cooperative-type Numbered Head Together to improve learning outcomes IPS materials Struggle Maintaining Independence of Indonesia in Class V ?. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of cooperative learning application process Numbered Head Together social studies in Class V and to find out the learning outcome IPS after the implementation of cooperative learning type Numbered Head Together graders V. The approach used was qualitative approach using Type Research Class action. The focus of this study focused on the current implementation process focus on social studies learning by implementing measures NHT comprising the step numbering, ask questions, think together and answer as well as focus on the results of student learning outcome social studies on Maintaining Independence Struggle Indonesia. The subjects were teachers and students of class V, as many as 24 people, consisting of 10 men and 14 women. Data collection techniques used are tests, observation and documentation. Analysis of the data used is descriptive qualitative data analysis by classifying the data Aspect Aspect Teachers and Students. The learning outcomes of students in the first cycle of less qualified because they are indicators of unmet ie the number of students who were able to take the test is given to the right is still small, but on the second cycle results are increased and qualified Good. Conclusion of the study, namely an increase learning outcomes in social studies about the struggle of Indonesian Independence Maintain through the application of models Pembelejaran Cooperative Numbered Head Together in Class V SD Negeri 57 Parepare.Keyword: Numbered Head Together, learning outcomes
DENSITAS RADIOGRAFI TULANG FEMUR ANJING LOKAL (Canis lupus familiaris) YANG DIOVARIOHISTEREKTOMI (Radiography Density of Femur Bone On Lokal Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) That In Ovariohisterektomi) Dinda Jasmal Sikumbang; Budianto Panjaitan; Syafruddin Syafruddin; Erwin Erwin; Dian Masyitha; Hamdan Hamdan
JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER Vol 2, No 3 (2018): MEI - JULI
Publisher : JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (395.32 KB) | DOI: 10.21157/jim vet..v2i3.7815

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran densitas radiografi tulang femur pada anjing lokal. Hewan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 3 ekor anjing betina lokal dengan kisaran umur 5-7 bulan. Pengambilan gambar radiografi dan pengukuran densitas radiografi tulang femur dengan menggunakan Software Image J pada minggu ke 0 (sebelum diovariohisterektomi), minggu ke 1, 2, 3, dan 4 (setelah diovariohisterektomi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata densitas radiografi tulang femur sebelum diovariohisterektomi adalah 151,8401±5,8767. Hasil ini menunjukkan berbeda nyata  pada  minggu 1, 2, dan 4 setelah diovariohisterektomi dengan hasil densitas radiografi tulang 168,7952±7,88446, 181,0557±7,81876, dan 169,1759±4,73123. Pada minggu 3 setelah diovariohisterektomi menunjukkan hasil tidak berbeda nyata dengan densitas radiografi tulang sebelum diovariohisterektomi yaitu 152,9360±7,38131. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa densitas tulang dari hasil pengambilan gambar radiografi tulang femur anjing lokal (Canis lupus familiaris) didapatkan terjadi peningkatan densitas radiografi pada minggu ke 1, 2, 4 dan menurun pada minggu 3. Penurunan dan peningkatan densitas radiografi pada tulang femur bersifat fluktuasi. (This study aimed  to get radiodensity of femoral bone in local dog. Animals used in this study were 3 local female dogs with the age range of 5-7 months. Radiographic imaging and radiographic density measurements of femur bone using Software Image J before and after ovariohysterectomy at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. The results show that the average radiodensity of femur bone before ovariohysterectomy was 151,8401± 5,8767. This result had significantly different with 1, 2, and 4 weeks after ovariohysterectomy. In week 3 after ovariohysterectomy, the results were not significantly different from the radiograph density of the femur bone before in ovariohysterectomy that was 152.9360 ± 7.38131. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that bone density resulting from radiography imaging of local dog's femur (Canis lupus familiaris) using Image Software Image J obtained  radiographic density increased at week 1, 2, 4 and decreased at week 3. The decrease and increase of radiographic density of the femur bone is a fluctuation).
GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI OTOT FEMUR KELINCI (LEPUS SP.) SETELAH IMPLAN PLAT LOGAM (Histopathology Of Rabbit’s (Lepus sp.)Femur Muscle After Metal Plate Implantation) Muhammad Fathur Ridho; Erwin Erwin; Ummu Balqis; Muhammad Hambal; Syafruddin Syafruddin; Mulyadi Adam
JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER Vol 5, No 3 (2021): MEI-JULI
Publisher : JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21157/jim vet..v5i3.12878

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan gambaran histopatologi otot femur kelinci (Lepus sp.) setelah implan plat besi dan tantalum. Kelompok perlakuan 1 (K1) kelinci yang diimplantasi menggunakan plat tantalum dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (K2) kelinci yang diimplantasi menggunakan plat besi di antara Musculus Vastus Lateralis dan tulang femur selama 2 bulan. Perubahan histologi yang diamati adalah ada tidaknya nekrosis, fibrosis dan tissue cavities pada jaringan otot femur kelinci. Hasil pengamatan secara mikroskpois  ditemukan fibrosis, tetapi tidak ditemukan nekrosis dan tissue cavities. Terdapat perbedaan gambaran histopatologi otot kelinci (Lepus sp.) setelah penggunaan implan plat tantalum dan plat besi. Kata kunci : Kelinci, Tantalum, Besi, Histopatologi, Otot, Fibrosis, Nekrosis, Tissue Cavities. ABSTRACT                    The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the histopathology of the rabbit femur (Lepus sp.) Muscle after iron plate and tantalum implants. The first treatment group (K1) rabbits implanted using tantalum plates and treatment group 2 (K2) rabbits were implanted using an iron plate between the Musculus Vastus Lateralis and the femur bone for 2 months. The histological changes observed were the presence or absence of necrosis, fibrosis and tissue cavities in the muscle tissue of the rabbit femur. The results of the study showed that fibrosis was found, but necrosis and tissue cavities were not found. There are differences in the histopatological muscle of rabbit (Lepus sp.) after the use of tantalum plate and iron plate implants. Keywords: Rabbit, Tantalum, Iron, Histopathology, Muscle, Fibrosis, Nekrotic, Tissue Cavities.
DENSITAS RADIOGRAFI TULANG HUMERUS ANJING LOKAL (Canis lupus familiaris) YANG DI OVARIOHISTEREKTOMI. (Radiography Density Of Humerus Bone On Local Ovariohisterektomi Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). meutya silviana morow; budianto panjaitan; syafruddin syafruddin; dian masyitha; erwin erwin; cut nila tasmi
JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER Vol 2, No 3 (2018): MEI - JULI
Publisher : JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (288.168 KB) | DOI: 10.21157/jim vet..v2i3.7907

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran densitas radiografi tulang humerus pada anjing lokal (Canis lupus familiaris) sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan ovariohisterektomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga ekor anjing betina lokal dengan kisaran umur 5-7 bulan. Teknik perlakuan diambil  gambar radiografi sebelum dilakukan ovariohisterektomi selanjutnya semua hewan dilakukan ovariohisterektomi melalui linea alba, setelah itu hewan di ovariohisterektomi. Pada minggu 1,2,3, dan 4 setelah di ovariohisterektomi dilakukan pengambilan gambar radiografi dan pengukuran densitas tulang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata densitas tulang pada minggu 0 sebelum ovariohisterektomi adalah 157.3661667 ± 23.3043699, hasil ini tidak berbeda nyata dengan hasil rata-rata densitas pada minggu 1,3, dan 4 yaitu 156.8621982 ± 12.07528008, 153.8854886 ± 15.93987235, dan 156.1769175 ± 19.84084989, perbedaan terjadi pada minggu ke 2 dengan hasil 144.6901974 ±10.76999831. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan  bahwa penurunan densitas radiografi tulang humerus hanya bersifat sementara pada minggu ke 2 terjadi penurunan kemudian meningkat kembali pada minggu ke 3 dan minggu ke 4.ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to obtain a picture of radiographic density of humerus bone in local dog (Canis lupus familiaris) before and after ovarianohysterectomy. This study used three local female dogs with the age range of 5-7 months. The technique of treatment is taken radiographic images before the next ovarianohysterectomy is done all animals are done ovariohisterektomi through linea alba, after which the animal in ovariohisterektomi. At weeks 1,2,3 and 4 after ovarianohysterectomy, radiographic imaging and bone density measurements were performed. The results showed that the average bone density at week 0 before ovariohisterectomy was 157.3661667 ± 23.3043699, this result was not significantly different with the average density results at weeks 1.3 and 4, ie 156.8621982 ± 12.07528008, 153.8854886 ± 15.93987235, and 156.1769175 ± 19.84084989, the difference occurs at week 2 with the result 144.6901974 ± 10.76999831. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that degradation of humerus bone radiography density is only temporary at 2 weeks decrease then increase again at week 3 and week 4.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN VITAMIN E TERHADAP KADAR SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE SERUM TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) DIABETES MELITUS (The Effect of Vitamin E to Superoxide Dismutase Serum Level in Diabetes Mellitus Induced White Rat (Rattus norvegicus) ) Regi Putra; dasrul dasrul; sugito sugito; muslim akmal; zuhrawati zuhrawati; syafruddin syafruddin
JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER Vol 2, No 2 (2018): FEBRUARI - APRIL
Publisher : JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (245.089 KB) | DOI: 10.21157/jim vet..v2i2.6759

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian vitamin E terhadap kadar SOD serum tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) diabetes melitus. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus putih sebanyak 25 ekor dengan kriteria: sehat, bobot badan 150 – 200 gram; umur ± 3 – 4 bulan; dan jenis kelamin jantan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola searah dengan 5 kelompok perlakuan. Masing-masing kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas lima ekor tikus. Kelompok tikus non-diabetes (KN), kelompok tikus diabetes induksi aloksan (KP), kelompok perlakuan yaitu tikus diabetes induksi aloksan dan diberi vitamin E dosis 50 IU/kgbb/hari (P1), 100 IU/kgbb/hari (P2), dan 150 IU/kgbb/hari (P3). Perlakuan vitamin E diberikan selama 28 hari. Pada hari ke-29 setelah perlakuan, dilakukan koleksi serum untuk pengukuran kadar SOD serum dengan spektrofotometer. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan ANOVA satu arah dan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar SOD serum adalah 58,00 ± 7,48 U/ml, 36,50 ± 4,56  U/ml (KP), 42,55 ± 5,89 U/ml (P1), 50,44 ± 5,32 U/ml (P2), dan 55,20 ± 4,84 U/ml (P3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vitamin E dapat meningkatan kadar SOD serum secara signifikan (P0,05). Pemberian  vitamin E dengan dosis 150 IU/kg BB/hari menghasilkan peningkatan kadar SOD serum terbaik pada tikus putih diabetes melitus. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian vitamin E dapat meningkatkan kadar SOD serum tikus putih diabetes melitus.ABSTRACT            This study aims to know the effect of vitamin E administration to SOD serum level in diabetes mellitus induced white rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study used 25 white rat in criteria: healthy; body weight 150 – 200 gram; age ± 3 – 4 month; and male sex. The research design was used completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 unidirectional pattern groups treatments. Each group consisted of five rat. Group of non-diabetic rats (KN), group of alloxan-induced diabetic rats (KP), group of alloxan-induced diabetic rats which given with vitamin E 50 IU/kgBW/day (P1), 100 IU/kgBW/day (P2), and 150 IU/kgBW/day (P3). Treatment of vitamin E was given in 28 days. On the 29th day after treatment, serum collection was performed to quantify SOD serum level by spectrophotometers. The data obtained were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and continued with Duncan test. The result showed SOD serum level was 58.00 ± 7.48 U/ml, 36.50 ± 4.56 U/ml (KP), 42.55 ± 5.89 U/ml (P1), 50.44 ± 5.32 U/ml (P2), and 55.20 ± 4.84 U/ml (P3). The result showed that therapy of vitamin E could increase SOD serum level significantly (P0.05). Treatment dose of 150 IU/kgBW/day was the best increasing of SOD serum level in diabetes mellitus induced white rat. The conclusion of research showed that giving of vitamin E can increasing the SOD serum level in diabetes mellitus induced white rat.
Studi Eksperimental Caval Sindrome Pada Berbagai Tingkat Infeksi Dirofilaria immitis Exsperimental Study For Caval Syndrome At Diffetent Levels Of Infection Dirofilaria immitis Purnama Sari; T Fadrial Karmil; M Hanafiah; Syafruddin Syafruddin; Winaruddin Winaruddin; Arman Sayuti
JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER Vol 3, No 4 (2019): AGUSTUS-OKTOBER
Publisher : JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21157/jim vet..v3i4.13017

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan  untuk mengetahui proses terjadinya Caval Sindrome (CS) yang diakibatkan oleh Dirofilaria immitis (D. immitis) dengan berbagai tingkat infeksi, Sampel yang digunakan yaitu 3 ekor anjing lokal yang terinfeksi D. immitis dengan tingkat infeksi ringan (380 mf/ml), sedang (1,305 mf/ml) dan berat (1,600 mf/ml). Untuk mengetahui tingkat infeksi dilakukan identifikasi menggunakan metode Modified Fadrial Technigue (MFT). Setelah diketahui tingkat infeksi D. immitis, anjing diberi perlakuan excercise menggunakan perlakuan melalui pengamatan berdasarkan kecepatan dan durasi yang sudah ditetapkan. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa proses terjadinya CS pada anjing yang diberi perlakuan exercise dengan kecepatan 30 km/jam, 40 km/jam dan 45 km/jam selama durasi 10 menit, 15 menit dan 20 menit pada infeksi ringan dan sedang anjing toleran terhadap exercise (tidak terjadi CS), sedangkan pada tingkat infeksi berat anjing intoleran terhadap exercise pada menit ke-10 (dapat terjadi CS). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa anjing yang derajat kesakitan tinggi intoleran terhadap exercise.Kata kunci: Dirofilaria  immitis,  tingkat  infeksi,  Modified  Fadrial  Technigue (MFT) dan Caval Sindrome.   ABSTRACT    This study was conducted to determine the process of Caval Syndrome (CS) caused by Dirofilaria immitis (D. immitis), with various levels of infection. The sampels used were 3 local dogs infected with D. immitis with a mild infection rate (380 mf/ml), moderate (1,305 mf/ml) and weight (1,600 mf/ml). to determine the level of infection Modifien Fadrial Technigue (MFT) method. After knowing the level of infection, dog were treated using exercise treatment through observation based on the speed and duration that have been set. The results of this study found that the process of CS  in dogs treated with exercise at a speed of 30 km/h, 40 km/h, and 45 km/h for a duration of 10 minutes, 15 minutes and 20 minutes in mild and moderate infections of dogs tolerant of exercise (CS does not occur), whereas at the level of severe dog infection tolerant of exercise  at the 10th minute (CS can occur). From this study in can be concluded that.Keywords : Dirofilaria immitis, infection rate, Modified Fadrial Technigue (MFT) and Caval Syndrome.
MAKROZOOBENTOS COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN THE INTERTIDAL ZONE OF THE SIRANDAH ISLAND OF CITY PADANG WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE Ivyna Clarisa Tampubolon; Afrizal Tanjung; Syafruddin Syafruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan

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Abstract

AbstractMacrozoobentos is one of the important groups in aquatic ecosystems due to its role as a key in the food network. This research was conducted in the waters of Sirandah Island, Padang City, West Sumatera Province in Juli 2018, aiming to know macrozoobentos community structure which includes: type, abundance, relative abundance, index of species diversity, uniformity index, dominance index and distribution pattern. Sampling using line transect method was done on 4 stations. The results of the study found 2 classes of macrozoobentos with 7 species, where the value of macrozoobentos abundance obtained ranged from 0.056 to 0.806 ind/m2. Diversity (H’) of species was ranged from 0.33 to 2.69  was relatively medium, while the value of uniformity index (E)  ranged from 0.18 to 1.19.While the value of the dominance index (C) ranged from 0.12 to 0.34 and the value of the distribution pattern (Id) ranges was in groups from 0.09 to 3.6. Keywords: Community Structure, Makrozoobentos, Intertidal Zone, Sirandah  Island
RELATION BETWEEN LARGE COMPLIANCE (Thalassia hemprichii) AND GASTROPODA DENSITY IN NIRWANA BEACH WATERS KOTA PADANG WEST SUMATERA Rivai Andika Pakpahan; Zulkifli Zulkifli; Syafruddin Syafruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan

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Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the density level of seagrass (T. hemprichii), the type and density of gastropods associated with seagrass, and the density relationship of seagrass with gastropod density in the waters of Nirwana Beach, Padang City. Determination of sampling locations using survey methods by making observations directly to the object of research to see closely the activities at the research site. This research was conducted in March - April 2018. Gastropod samples obtained were then analyzed at the Marine Biology Laboratory. The results of measurements of water parameters in the water temperature range from 28-29o, salinity ranges from 30-31 ‰ and water pH ranges from 7-8. Sediment types namely sandy gravel with organic matter content ranging from 4.68-5.66. For seagrass densities each station 96.44-142.34 stands / m2 and for each zone ranged from 83.67 to 163.56 stands / m2. Gastropods found in 10 species. Gastropod density at each station ranges from 82-118.4 ind / m2. For each zone ranged from 68.7 to 82.08 ind / m2 with the highest density in the species Clypeomorus sp. Linear regression analysis states that the seagrass density relationship with gastropod density from the value r = 0.96 is classified as very strong. Keywords:Thalassia hemprichii, Gastropoda, Nirwana Beach Padang City
Studi Pendahuluan Penggunaan Katalis Logam-HAp Pada Pembuatan Biodiesel Syafruddin Syafruddin; Yelmida Azis; Zultiniar Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

The safety and sustainability of an energy source, along with biodegradability is a parameter whether an alternative energy considered successful or not. Currently, biodiesel is an environmentally friendly and has low manufacturing cost. Biodiesel cathegorized as fatty acid methyl esther (FAME) which is generated from fat or oil. In this research, palm fatty acid destillate (PFAD) is used as raw material to produce biodiesel. PFAD is converted into FAME through single stage estherification. This estherification reaction combine 25 gram of PFAD with 97 gram of methanol with mixing rate of 350 rpm at 60˚C for 1, 2, and 3 hours. 0,25 gram of metal-hydroxyapatite catalyst (Cu-HAp, Co-HAp, Ni-HAp, dan HAp) will assist in the process of converting PFAD into FAME. The focus of this study is the effect of time and type of metal-HAp on the conversion of PFAD into FAME. The highest yield of biodiesel is acquired at the usage of (3%) Cu-HAp catalyst for 3 hours. Physical test result has fulfilled SNI 04-7182-2006 which includes 0.84 g/ml density, 4.8 cSt viscosity, 120 ˚C flash point, 61.48% yield, acid number of 0.73 mg KOH/gr oil. Based on the GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer) analysis, the main component of the PFAD-based biodiesel is 53.1% hexadecanoic methyl esther, 32.81% 9-octadecanoic methyl esther and 5,93% 9,12-octadecadinoic methyl esther.Keywords: Biodiesel, Estherification-transestherification, Methanol, Metal-HAp catalysts, PFAD
Co-Authors Ade Safitri Afifuddin Afifuddin Afrizal Tanjung Ahmad Ali Akbar Ainun Jariah Amalia Fatma Zahra Amalia Sutriana Amri Jahi Andi Sukri Syamsuri Andi Ulfah Magefirah Rasyid Andrianto Andrianto Andy Eddy Arman Sayuti Ashadi, Andri Aulia Brigitha Awanis Ilmi Bajang Asrin Budianto Panjaitan cut nila tasmi Damrah, Damrah Darmawi Darmawi Dasrul Dasrul Debby Marinda Dessy Ayu Mega Putri Dewi Isnaeni Dian Masyitha Dinda Jasmal Sikumbang Dita Faradillah Edi Warman Eka Kurniasih Erida Nurahmi Erwin Erwin Erwin Saputra Andika Eryuni Ramdhayani Fahmi Yahya Fajar Fajar Farida Athaillah Fatayatun Nurarifiati Fitri Rahmadani Gebrille Rizki Nagata Gholib Gholib Gusnawan Mahendra Hadianur Hadianur Hafizuddin Hafizuddin Hairil Wadi Hamdan Hamdan Hamidsyukrie ZM Hapzi Ali Hasanuddin Hasanuddin Hasnah Hasnah Heni Pujiastuti Herawati Herawati Hermansyah Hermansyah Ida Bagus Kade Gunayasa Ihsan Ihsan Indah Dwi Lestari Irwanto Tandi Ismail Sulaiman Ismuhadi Ismuhadi Ivyna Clarisa Tampubolon Jan Bosarmen sinaga Kaharuddin Kartono , Khairuna Khairuna Lalu Hamdian Affandi Lestari Dekayanti M Hanafiah M. Nur Salim M. Sayuti Mahardika Darmawan Kusuma Wardana Mahdi Abrar Mahdi Abrar Marlina Marlina Maryulia Dewi Mauliana Mauliana meutya silviana morow Mochammad Rhizal Effendhy Muhammad Fathur Ridho Muhammad Hambal Muhammad Nasir Mukhlishin Mukhlishin Mulyadi Adam Munadi Munadi Munirah Munirah Musahrain Musahrain Muslim Akmal Muslim Akmal Mustika Nila Nanda Yulian Syah Nelly Safitri Nora Afnita Nur Ismawati Nurfaujiah Nurfaujiah Nurseha Nurseha Oppi Oktaviany Priyanti Heriastuti Purnama Sari Rabiatul Adwiyah RATNA SARI Ratu Karmila Regi Putra Rehani rehani Riadi Suhendra Richard W.E. Lumintang Rika Annisa Ripa Nirpya Rispawati Rispawati Rivai Andika Pakpahan Ruba Franklin Silaen Safrida Safrida Sahnan Sahnan Sajidan Sajidan Saputra, Edriagus Sara Febria Putri Sri Peni Wastutiningsih Sri Wahyuni Sri Widyastuti Sudirman Sudirman Sugito Sugito Sugiyarto Sugiyarto Sunarru Samsi Hariadi Sunarru Samsi Hariadi Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsudin Syamsudin Syarif Fitriyanto t fadrial karmil Taqur Miranda Teuku Armansyah Teuku Rihayat Tongku Nizwan Siregar Tongku Nizwan Siregar Tongku Nizwan Siregar, MP Ulfa Hansri Ar Rasyid Ummu Balqis Vera Devani WAHYU SUKARTININGSIH Willadi Rasyid Winaruddin Winaruddin Wiwi Noviati Yelmida Azis Zuhrawati Zuhrawati Zultiniar Zultiniar