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Khairunnas, Khairunnas
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Journal : Jurnal Trias Politika

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State Theocracy Perspective: Comparative Study of Caliphate and Vatican Church Governmental System Khairunnas, Khairunnas; Fadhlia, Maudy Noor
JURNAL TRIAS POLITIKA Vol 9, No 2 (2025): Oktober 2025, Jurnal Trias Politika
Publisher : Universitas Riau Kepulauan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33373/jtp.v9i2.8165

Abstract

This paper presents a rigorous comparative study of the Islamic Caliphate and the Vatican City State, which operates under the governance of the Roman Catholic Church. Both institutions are anchored in authoritative theological doctrine, yet their historical evolution, mechanisms of legitimation, and global reception have unfolded in sharply contrasting manners. The Caliphate, conceived as the apex of Islamic authority uniting political and spiritual oversight, underwent a sequence of crises, culminating in the formal abolition in 1924, resulting in an enduring contest over its contemporary significance. The Vatican, by contrast, has displayed remarkable durability, its papal leadership securing a distinctive role in secular diplomacy and international governance, sustained by a coherent apparatus that transcends the territorial confines. The core finding is that the Vatican’s enduring stability stems from its successful transformation of theological mandate into widely recognized diplomatic legitimacy and transnational soft power. This contrasts with the Caliphate’s decline, which was accelerated by its structural entanglement with territorial governance and military power, leading to perceptions of it as an anachronism. This study contributes a novel cross-civilizational analytical template, treating both entities as theocratic formations. It compares their historical processes, modes of theological authority, and patterns of political reception within their respective polities. The principal innovation resides in this comparative frame, which illuminates how religion is mobilized as institutional power and addresses the contrasting degrees of global endorsement each system receives.Employing a qualitative, descriptive-analytical framework grounded in a multiple case study methodology, this inquiry seeks to advance religious political theory by unraveling the nuanced interplay between religious institutions and the apparatus of the state.
Co-Authors Agusmaniza, Roni Agustina, Dilla Ahmad Syafiq Alamsyah, Syahrul Alamsyah, T. Amalia Amalia Amrifo, Victor Andi Syamsul Alam, Andi Syamsul Anto Ariyanto Anwar, Sufyan Arifuddin Arifuddin Aripin Ahmad, Aripin Azhar Azhar Azwar Azwar Bakar, Mustaqim Abu Bambang Tripoli Dessritina, Pesona Dirta Pratama Atiyatna Djunaidi Djunaidi Dwi Darma Puspita Sari Efendi, Sofyan Elida, Sukma Fadhlia, Maudy Noor Fahlevi, Muhammad Iqbal Fanany, Irzal Farmi, Herman Fathir Fathir Guslianto, Safrida Ika Hamdan Yasid, Hamdan Hamira, Hamira Handayani, Ade Lia Hanif Muchdatul Ayunda Harmaidi, Desma Hayatullah, M. Bayu Fathar Hayuningtyas, Afwa Hendarso, Yoyok Husnatul Mahmudah Ishalyadi, Ishalyadi Iskandar, Arif Iskandar, Wardah Jalaluddin Abdul Malek, Jalaluddin Abdul Jayawarsa, A.A. Ketut Junaidi Junaidi Kausar, Kausar Kencana, Novia Khadijah Khadijah Khairan AR Khairunnisya, Tuty Lahmi, Ahmad Leo Agustino Lubis, Syofiaty LUKMAN, LUKMAN Mahmud Alpusari Mahyudin Ritonga Maisura, Mira Makfirah, Daral Malahayati Malahayati Malinda, Yufa Marbun, Wawa Marissa Mardianto Mardianto Marissa, Feny Marniati Marniati, Marniati Marpaung, Zailani Surya Meki Herlon Miftahul Jannah MUFTI MUFTI, MUFTI Mujaddid Fachrurreza, Ahmad Muliadi, Teuku Mulyani, Itza Munirah Munirah Mustafidah, Hilyatul Mustaqim Mustaqim Nadjib, Abdul Napitupulu, Tia Sofiani Nihayati, Arina NIKEN NURWATI, NIKEN Nikmah, Askura Noor Fadhlia, Maudy Nurfidianty Annafi, Nurfidianty Permatasari, Yuni Prabujaya, Sena Putra Putri, Elivia Pasma Putri, Enda Silvia Putri, Suci Eka Putri, Vivin Jenika R. Widya Setiabudi Sumadinata Rafinzar, Rahmad Rafinzar, Rahmat Rahmah, Anania Randitha Missouri Ravi Masitah Retno Susilowati Rinawati Rinawati Riska Dian Oktari, Riska Dian RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari Safrida Safrida Santika, Eka Semil, Nurmah Siti Maisyaroh Fitri Siregar SITI MARYAM Siti Mutmainah Sri Wahyuni Muhsin Suleman, Zulfikri Susy Sriwahyuni Sutriawan Syahbana, Mahdi Tachiyya Nailal Khusna Tamsyah, Indra Triningsih, Cici Wulan Sri Rahayu Yazid, Hamdan Zulhamid Ridho Zumhur Alamin