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All Journal Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Pendidikan JINOP (Jurnal Inovasi Pembelajaran) JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT VANOS Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization INVOTEK: Jurnal Inovasi Vokasional dan Teknologi Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Jurnal SOLMA Rang Teknik Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Mimbar Ilmu Ensiklopedia of Journal Jurnal Mekanova : Mekanikal, Inovasi dan Teknologi Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering PAKAR Pendidikan Suluah Bendang: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Surya Teknika JPTE: Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Elektro MSI Transaction on Education AEEJ : Journal of Automotive Engineering and Vocational Education Indonesian Journal Of Educational Research and Review Ensiklopedia Research and Community Service Review Indonesian Research Journal on Education JTPVI: Jurnal Teknologi dan Pendidikan Vokasi Indonesia Journal of Authentic Research Jurnal Riset Multidisiplin Edukasi Journal of Educational and Learning Studies
Muslim Muslim
Department Of Automotive Engineering, Faculty Of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang
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DESAIN DAN EFEKTIVITAS VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN PADA PENDIDIKAN VOKASIONAL: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW BERBASIS PRISMA 2020 UNTUK MENDUKUNG MATERI PERAWATAN SISTEM KEMUDI, REM, DAN SUSPENSI Zifa Oktavianza; Toto Sugiarto; Wagino Wagino; Ahmad Arif; Muslim Muslim
Ensiklopedia Research and Community Service Review Vol 5, No 3 (2026): Vol. 5 No. 3 Juni 2026
Publisher : Ensiklopedia Research and Community Service Review

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/err.v5i3.3839

Abstract

This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) on the trends, design, and effectiveness of instructional videos in the context of education, procedural learning, and vocational education relevant to the development of steering, brake, and suspension system maintenance materials on 4-stroke cub motorcycles. The data source comes from a Scopus tabulation of 1,400 records. Selection was carried out using the PRISMA 2020 flow based on article metadata (title, author, year, source, document type, and citation). After duplications were removed, screening was limited to articles/reviews from the 2020–2025 period, then thematic relevance screening was carried out to obtain 50 articles for the final synthesis. The review results indicate four dominant themes, namely: (1) instructional video design and effectiveness; (2) interactivity, flipped learning, and YouTube; (3) VR/AR and practicum media; and (4) TVET/vocational and implementation readiness. The synthesis shows that effective instructional videos are characterized by good material segmentation, appropriate visual cues, proportional instructor presence, planned interactivity, and integration with practical or reflection tasks. Furthermore, VR/AR has the potential to enhance procedural learning, but requires cognitive load management. In a vocational context, the quality of implementation is strongly influenced by teachers' digital competencies, digital pedagogical policies, and the relevance of job skills. These findings lead to recommendations for developing automotive learning videos that are concise, procedural, multimodal, problem-based, and integrated with practical evaluation.Keywords: learning videos, instructional videos, vocational education, TVET, PRISMA 2020, virtual reality, YouTube, automotive
Hubungan antara Motivasi Berwirausaha dengan Sikap Kewirausahaan bagi Mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Otomotif Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Padang Nuzul Hidayat; Ganefri Ganefri; Asmar Yulastri; Muslim Muslim; Muhammad Yasep Setiawan
AEEJ : Journal of Automotive Engineering and Vocational Education Vol 3 No 2 (2022): AEEJ : Journal of Automotive Engineering and Vocational Education
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/aeej.v3i2.149

Abstract

The purposes of this study are to (1) describe the entrepreneurial spirit of automotive engineering students, (2) describe the motivation of the entrepreneurial spirit of automotive engineering students, and (3) see whether entrepreneurship and motivation have a relationship between For automotive engineering students This research is a descriptive analysis research. , regression and correlation, data collection was carried out using questionnaires and literature studies as additional data. In this study, the sample was 8th semester students as many as 35 students. Survey Results (1) The level of student entrepreneurship attitude for entrepreneurship is 71.36% in the "good" category. (2) while for motivation in entrepreneurship with a value of 76.64% with a level of "good" category. (3) Analyzing the relationship between entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship with product moment, obtained a score of 0.655, with a coefficient of determination of 53.40%, and it is known that the variable for attitude to entrepreneurship has an influence with the motivation variable for entrepreneurship with a value of 54.40%, and which has other influences. is the personal ability of students, environmental conditions, family and friends around them
Perancangan Video Pembelajaran Sistem Kelistrikan Bodi Kendaraan Pada Mata Pelajaran Pemeliharaan Kelistrikan Kendaraan Ringan alex sandra zalman; irma yulia basri; andrizal andrizal; muslim muslim
AEEJ : Journal of Automotive Engineering and Vocational Education Vol 4 No 2 (2023): AEEJ : Journal of Automotive Engineering and Vocational Education
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/aeej.v4i2.195

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to design instructional videos that will make learning easier for students. In this study the research and development (R&D) method was used and the subjects in this study consisted of material experts, media experts, and class XI students of Light Vehicle Engineering SMKN 1 West Sumatra. The data analysis technique of this research uses a quantitative descriptive technique, applies the results of product design in the form of learning video media, tests the level of validation and product feasibility on vehicle body electricity in light vehicle electricity subjects. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the design of the learning video for the vehicle body electrical system in the light vehicle electrical maintenance subject is very suitable for use as a learning medium because it can be accessed anywhere and anytime and can be viewed repeatedly. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang video pembelajaran yang akan membuat belajar lebih mudah bagi siswa. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode research and development (R&D) dan subjek dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari ahli materi, ahli media, dan siswa kelas XI Teknik Kendaraan Ringan SMKN 1 Sumatera Barat. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif, mengaplikasikan hasil perancangan produk dalam bentuk media video pembelajaran, menguji tingkat validasi dan kelayakan produk pada kelistrikan bodi kendaraan mata pelajaran kelistrikan kendaraan ringan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Perancangan video pembelajaran sistem kelistrikan bodi kendaraan pada mata pelajaran pemeliharaan kelistrikan kendaraan ringan ini sangat layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran karena dapat di akses dimanapun dan kapanpun dan bisa dilihat secara berulang-ulang.
The Use of YouTube Media in Increasing Motivation for Students in the Distance Learning Period Nuzul Hidayat; Ahmad Arif; Muslim Muslim; M. Yasep Setiawan; Riwayatul Ismi
AEEJ : Journal of Automotive Engineering and Vocational Education Vol 5 No 1 (2024): AEEJ : Journal of Automotive Engineering and Vocational Education
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/aeej.v5i1.226

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to provide assistance to students in understanding the material presented by the teacher during the period during course. The method applied in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The population group studied were students taking the Automotive Simulation and computing course in the odd semester of the 2021/2022 academic year, who were enrolled in the Automotive Engineering Education study program at the Faculty of Engineering, UNP. The results of the study show that the use of video media in the form of course via YouTube makes a positive contribution to the course process and understanding of the material for students. The responses from students to the use of video as a course tool for Simulation and Computing showed that 85.66% of them responded well, while 14.34% responded at a poor level. The results of the study show that 50.8% of students have a "good" rating, 8.73% get an "very good" assessment, and 40.47% are in the "enough" category.
Augmented Reality dan Keaktifan Belajar Siswa SMK pada Pembelajaran Motor Starter: Systematic Literature Review Berbasis PRISMA Annassyifa, Abid Albima; Muslim, Muslim; Sugiarto, Toto; Rifdarmon, Rifdarmon; Harbes, Beni
Journal of Authentic Research Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): August
Publisher : LITPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/pe39xc33

Abstract

Pembelajaran motor starter di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK), khususnya pada kompetensi otomotif, menuntut siswa memahami komponen, rangkaian kelistrikan, prinsip kerja, perawatan, dan diagnosis gangguan. Materi tersebut sulit dipahami apabila hanya disajikan melalui media dua dimensi karena siswa perlu mengamati keterkaitan antara objek, aliran arus, dan gerak mekanis. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan karakteristik kajian Augmented Reality (AR) pada pendidikan vokasi dan otomotif, menyintesiskan kontribusi AR terhadap keaktifan belajar, serta merumuskan implikasi pedagogisnya bagi pembelajaran motor starter di SMK. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berbasis PRISMA. Data dihimpun dari Google Scholar, GARUDA/Kemendikbud, dan korpus lama terarah yang seluruhnya disaring ulang menggunakan kriteria yang sama. Sebanyak 226 rekaman diidentifikasi; 47 rekaman dihapus sebelum skrining, 179 rekaman disaring, 93 artikel dinilai melalui full-text, dan 22 artikel dimasukkan dalam sintesis akhir. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa AR mendukung keaktifan belajar melalui lima dimensi, yaitu visual-interaktif, operasional, verbal-sosial, kognitif-reflektif, dan afektif-motivasional. Bukti paling dekat dengan topik kajian menunjukkan peningkatan penguasaan kompetensi sistem starter dari skor pretest 41,48 menjadi posttest 73,80, N-Gain 0,552, dan respons siswa 87,50%. AR paling tepat ditempatkan sebagai media pendahulu praktik yang dipadukan dengan lembar kerja eksploratif, diskusi kelompok, kuis berbasis objek, dan konfirmasi melalui praktik bengkel. Dengan demikian, efektivitas AR terhadap keaktifan belajar tidak bersifat otomatis, melainkan bergantung pada kualitas media dan desain aktivitas pembelajaran. Motor starter instruction in vocational high schools requires students to understand components, electrical circuits, operating principles, maintenance, and fault diagnosis. These topics are difficult to comprehend through two-dimensional media alone because students need to observe the relationships among objects, current flow, and mechanical motion. This study aims to map the characteristics of Augmented Reality (AR) studies in vocational and automotive education, synthesize the contribution of AR to learning activeness, and formulate pedagogical implications for motor starter instruction in vocational high schools. A PRISMA-based Systematic Literature Review was employed. Data were collected from Google Scholar, GARUDA/Kemendikbud, and a targeted legacy corpus; all records were re-screened using identical criteria. Of 226 identified records, 47 were removed before screening, 179 were screened, 93 full-text articles were assessed, and 22 articles were included in the final synthesis. The findings indicate that AR supports learning activeness through five dimensions: visual-interactive, operational, verbal-social, cognitive-reflective, and affective-motivational engagement. The study most closely related to the review topic reported an increase in starter-system competency from a pretest score of 41.48 to a posttest score of 73.80, an N-Gain of 0.552, and an 87.50% student response. AR is most appropriately positioned as a pre-practice medium integrated with exploratory worksheets, group discussions, object-based quizzes, and workshop-based confirmation. Therefore, the contribution of AR to learning activeness is not automatic, but depends on media quality and the design of learning activities.
ANALISIS TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PADA SOAL UAS PRODUKTIF OTOMOTIF SEMESTER GENAP 2024/2025 KELAS XII TKR SMK NEGERI TEKNOLOGI DI KOTA PADANG Muhammad Al Adaby; Toto Sugiarto; Ahmad Arif; Muslim Muslim
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2026): Vol. 8 No. 2 Edisi 3 Januari 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v8i2.3710

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the distribution of factual, conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive knowledge levels in Final Semester Examination (UAS) questions for automotive productive subjects created by teachers at State Vocational High Schools (SMK) in Padang City. This research employs a quantitative descriptive design with a single variable of knowledge level based on Anderson's taxonomy. The research objects include 160 multiple-choice questions from the even semester UAS 2024/2025 from four State Vocational High Schools in Padang (SMKN 1 West Sumatra, SMKN 1 Padang, SMKN 5 Padang, and SMKN 8 Padang). The research instrument uses knowledge level analysis sheets based on operational verbs and question contexts. Data analysis techniques employ quantitative descriptive analysis by calculating the percentage of each knowledge level. The results show the overall distribution of knowledge levels: conceptual 49.375% (79 questions), procedural 18.75% (30 questions), factual 16.25% (26 questions), and metacognitive 15.625% (25 questions). There are significant variations among schools, particularly at SMKN 1 Padang with 70% conceptual dominance and SMKN 5 Padang with 30% metacognitive. Compared to BSNP (2018) recommendations, significant deviations occur where conceptual far exceeds standards (49.375% vs 10-20%) and procedural is below standards (18.75% vs 50-60%). However, these differences can be explained by the characteristics of vocational education that integrates written and practical assessments. This study recommends the need for teacher training in developing Bloom taxonomy-based questions, developing standardized question banks, and adjusting knowledge level distribution standards specific to vocational education.Keywords: knowledge levels, Anderson's taxonomy, final examination questions, automotive vocational education, HOTS
Analisis Kinerja Ignition Booster terhadap Karakteristik Emisi CO, HC, CO₂, dan O₂ pada Sepeda Motor Honda Beat FI 2013 Khalik Rahmat Hidayah; Muslim; Rifdarmon; Donny Fernandez
JTPVI: Jurnal Teknologi dan Pendidikan Vokasi Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): JTPVI: Jurnal Teknologi dan Pendidikan Vokasi Indonesia
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jtpvi.v4i1.325

Abstract

Penggunaan sepeda motor yang terus meningkat berkontribusi pada pencemaran udara melalui emisi gas buang. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh pemasangan Ignition Booster tipe plasma pada sistem pengapian terhadap emisi gas buang sepeda motor Honda Beat FI 2013. Penelitian deskriptif-eksperimental ini dilakukan pada kondisi putaran idle menggunakan four-gas analyzer, dengan tiga kali pengulangan untuk kondisi standar dan setelah pemasangan Ignition Booster. Hasil menunjukkan penurunan emisi karbon monoksida (CO) sebesar 23,52% (0,513% menjadi 0,39%), hidrokarbon (HC) 11,05% (60,33 ppm menjadi 53,66 ppm), dan karbon dioksida (CO₂) 2,12% (4,7% menjadi 4,6%), sementara kadar oksigen (O₂) meningkat 49,63% (8,18% menjadi 12,24%). Seluruh nilai emisi berada jauh di bawah ambang batas standar Euro 3. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa penguatan energi percikan melalui Ignition Booster mampu meningkatkan kualitas pembakaran dan berpotensi menjadi solusi retrofit sederhana untuk menurunkan emisi kendaraan roda dua. The rapid growth of motorcycle use substantially contributes to urban air pollution through exhaust emissions. This study examines the effect of installing a plasma-type Ignition Booster on the ignition system of a Honda Beat FI 2013 motorcycle on its exhaust-gas composition. A descriptive experimental design was applied at idle speed using a four-gas analyzer, with three repeated measurements for the baseline and booster conditions. The Ignition Booster reduced carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 23.52% (0.513% to 0.39%), hydrocarbons (HC) by 11.05% (60.33 ppm to 53.66 ppm), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) by 2.12% (4.7% to 4.6%), while oxygen (O₂) concentration increased by 49.63% (8.18% to 12.24%). All emission levels were well below the Euro 3 limits. These findings indicate that strengthening spark energy via an Ignition Booster improves combustion quality and offers a simple retrofit strategy to reduce emissions from existing two-wheeled vehicles.
Efektivitas Model Active Knowledge Sharing Berbantuan Augmented Reality terhadap Keaktifan Belajar Peserta Didik SMK Amin Sholat; Muslim; Rifdarmon; Iffarial Nanda
JTPVI: Jurnal Teknologi dan Pendidikan Vokasi Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): JTPVI: Jurnal Teknologi dan Pendidikan Vokasi Indonesia
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jtpvi.v3i4.373

Abstract

Keaktifan belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran Sistem Pemindah Tenaga di SMKN 4 Pariaman masih rendah, sehingga diperlukan model pembelajaran yang lebih partisipatif dan berbasis teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh model Active Knowledge Sharing berbantuan media Augmented Reality (AR) terhadap keaktifan belajar peserta didik kelas X TKR. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain one-group pretest–posttest pada 33 peserta didik yang dipilih dengan teknik sampling jenuh. Data keaktifan belajar dikumpulkan melalui angket dan dianalisis menggunakan uji paired samples t-test dan effect size Cohen’s d. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan skor rata-rata dari kategori “kurang aktif” menjadi “aktif”, dengan nilai signifikansi 0,001 (p < 0,05) dan Cohen’s d = 2,576 yang mengindikasikan pengaruh sangat besar. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi Active Knowledge Sharing dan Augmented Reality efektif meningkatkan keaktifan belajar dalam pembelajaran vokasional otomotif. Students’ learning activeness in the Power Transmission Systems subject at SMKN 4 Pariaman remains low, indicating the need for more participatory, technology-based instruction. This study investigates the effect of the Active Knowledge Sharing learning model assisted by Augmented Reality (AR) on the learning activeness of tenth-grade automotive students. A quantitative one-group pretest–posttest design was applied to 33 students selected through saturated sampling. Learning activeness data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed with paired-samples t-test and Cohen’s d effect size. The results show an increase in mean scores from the “less active” to the “active” category, with a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05) and Cohen’s d = 2.576, indicating a very large effect. These findings confirm that integrating Active Knowledge Sharing with Augmented Reality is effective for promoting learning activeness in vocational automotive education.
Pengembangan dan Validasi Standar Operasional Prosedur Penggunaan Spray Booth dan Oven Pengecatan di Workshop Bodi dan Pengecatan Otomotif Mhd. Azhari; Donny Fernandez; Nuzul Hidayat; Muslim
JTPVI: Jurnal Teknologi dan Pendidikan Vokasi Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): JTPVI: Jurnal Teknologi dan Pendidikan Vokasi Indonesia
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jtpvi.v3i4.374

Abstract

Workshop Bodi dan Pengecatan Departemen Teknik Otomotif Universitas Negeri Padang belum memiliki Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) tertulis untuk penggunaan spray booth dan oven pengecatan sehingga risiko bahaya kerja dan kerusakan peralatan masih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan SOP penggunaan spray booth dan oven pengecatan yang valid, praktis, dan mendukung keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) di lingkungan workshop otomotif. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan (R&D) dengan model 4D (define, design, development, disseminate) yang melibatkan dua ahli sebagai validator dan 30 mahasiswa sebagai responden uji coba. Hasil validasi menunjukkan persentase kelayakan rata-rata 86,66% dengan kategori sangat layak, sedangkan uji praktikalitas pengguna menghasilkan persentase keseluruhan 87% pada aspek kejelasan, kegunaan, dan keterterapan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa SOP yang dikembangkan mampu menjadi pedoman standar untuk mengurangi risiko kecelakaan, menjaga keberlanjutan peralatan, dan direplikasi pada peralatan sejenis di pendidikan vokasi teknik. The Body and Painting Workshop of the Department of Automotive Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang has no written standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the use of the spray booth and automotive painting oven, leaving high risks of occupational hazards and equipment damage. This study aimed to develop valid and practical SOPs for spray booth and painting oven operation that support occupational safety and health in an automotive workshop. A research and development design using the 4D model (define, design, development, disseminate) was employed, involving two experts as validators and 30 students as users. Expert validation yielded an average feasibility score of 86.66% (very feasible), while user practicality testing produced an overall score of 87% for clarity, usefulness, and applicability. These results indicate that the developed SOPs provide a standard guideline to reduce accidents, maintain equipment sustainability, and be replicated for similar equipment in technical and vocational education settings.
Pengaruh Variasi Jarak Penyemprotan di dalam Spray booth terhadap Ketebalan Lapisan Cat pada Bodi Kendaraan Sandhy Rhana Rhandika; Donny Fernandez; Muslim; Iffarial Nanda
JTPVI: Jurnal Teknologi dan Pendidikan Vokasi Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): JTPVI: Jurnal Teknologi dan Pendidikan Vokasi Indonesia
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jtpvi.v4i1.385

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh variasi jarak penyemprotan terhadap ketebalan lapisan cat pada body kendaraan di dalam spray booth. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen kuantitatif dengan pendekatan quasi-experimental deskriptif pada pelat baja yang dicat Penta Super Gloss NC Metallic. Spray gun gravitasi dioperasikan pada tekanan konstan 2,8 bar dengan jarak penyemprotan 10, 15, 20, 25, dan 30 cm. Setelah pengeringan oven pada 60 °C selama 20 menit, ketebalan lapisan cat warna diukur menggunakan coating thickness gauge pada tiga titik untuk setiap jarak. Hasil menunjukkan tren penurunan ketebalan rata-rata dari 64,33 µm pada jarak 10 cm menjadi 47,20-48,50 µm pada jarak 25-30 cm, yang paling mendekati standar industri sekitar 50 µm dan menghasilkan permukaan yang lebih halus serta merata. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pengaturan jarak penyemprotan di dalam spray booth sebagai parameter utama untuk mengendalikan ketebalan lapisan cat. This study investigates the effect of spraying distance using a spray gun on coating thickness on vehicle body panels inside a spray booth. A quantitative quasi-experimental method was applied on steel plates coated with Penta Super Gloss NC Metallic paint. A gravity spray gun was operated at a constant pressure of 2.8 bar with spraying distances of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm. After oven drying at 60 °C for 20 min, the coating thickness of the color layer was measured using a coating thickness gauge at three points for each distance. The results show a decreasing trend in average coating thickness from 64.33 µm at 10 cm to 47.20–48.50 µm at 25–30 cm, which is closest to the 50 µm automotive standard and produces smoother, more uniform surfaces on the vehicle body. These findings highlight spraying distance as a key controllable parameter for achieving target coating thickness in spray booth applications.
Co-Authors Abdullah, MT, Dr. Rijal Aditya Fajri Putra Ahda, Mukhtarihil Ahmad Arif Aken Derisman Al Ichlas Imran alex sandra zalman Alfansury, Fikhry Ambiyar, Ambiyar Amin Sholat Andrizal Andrizal Andrizal Andrizal Andrizal Annassyifa, Abid Albima Ariefni, Naufal Rafif Arwizet Arwizet, Arwizet Asmar Yulastri Aswardi Aswardi Azwardi Baehaqi Baharudin, Agus Bahrul Amin Bima Rahmat Maulana Citra Dewi Citra Dewi Decoya, Ferres Dedi Setiawan Dedi Setiawan Dedy Irfan Deni Setiadi, Deni Denur Denur Donny Fernandez Donny Fernandez Dori Yuvenda Dwi Sudarno Putra Efrizal, Yondri Erzeddin Alwi Ferres Decoya Gafari, Ariq Farhansyah Al Ganefri Ganefri . Halimahtusakdiah, Halimahtusakdiah Hansi Effendi Harbes, Beni Hasan Maksum Hendra Dani Saputra Hendra Dani Saputra Hermi Zaswita Iffarial Nanda Ikram Irma Yulia Basri Ismi, Riwayatul Juli Sardi Karim, Muhamad Nazmi Khalik Rahmat Hidayah Kuo, Hsu-Chan Lasyatta Syaifullah Lucy Fridayati M Giatman M Nasir M Nasir M. Giatman M. Nasir M. Sadly Firmansyah M. Yasep Setiawan Maiputra, Fikli Restu Martias Martias Martias Martias Martias Masykur Masykur Mhd. Azhari Milana Milana Muhamad Nazmi Karim Muhammad Al Adaby Muhammad Fikri Muhammad Khalikul Fadly Muhammad Rezki Eriyan Muhammad Ridha Fauzi Muskhir, Mukhlidi Nanda, Iffarial Nanda, Iffarial Narti, Deswira Neviyarni Neviyarni Nindito Nizwardi Jalinus Nurhasan Syah Nuzul Hidayat, Nuzul Opi Tananda Ori Kurniawan Purwanto, Wawan Putra, Rido R Chandra Rahmad Hidayat Rahmat Hades, Danmi Rahmat Hidayat Ramadhan, Thoriq Refdinal, Refdinal Regi Valentio Remon Lapisa Ridwan Ridwan Ridwan Rifdarmon Rifdarmon, Rifdarmon Rifdarmon, Rifdarmon Riwayatul Ismi Rizki Fajri Romansyah Nusi Putra Sandhy Rhana Rhandika Simatupang, Wakhinuddin Suci Suci, Suci Sugiarto, Toto Toto Sugiarto Toto Sugiarto Usmeldi Usmeldi Utama, Rizky Indra Varis Dwi Isnanto Wagino WAGINO Wagino Wagino Wakhinuddin Wakhinuddin S Wakhinuddin Wakhinuddin, Wakhinuddin Wanda Afnison Wirdianto, Eri Yanto, Doni Tri Putra Yeni Karneli Yoga Sepriadi Yondri Efrizal Yulia Basri, Irma zalman, alex sandra Zaswita, Hermi Zifa Oktavianza Zikri Zikri Zikri Zikri Zikri, Zikri