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Toto Nusantara
Universitas Negeri Malang
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Journal : Journal of Integrated Elementary Education

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The Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning in Enhancing Reflective-Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students in Science Learning Surya, Yenni Fitra; Atmoko, Adi; Nusantara, Toto; Masfufha, Aynin; Sumianto, Sumianto
Journal of Integrated Elementary Education Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): April-September
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang in collaboration with PD PGMI Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/jieed.v5i2.28077

Abstract

The cultivation of reflective and critical thinking skills in elementary science education poses a difficulty, as traditional instructional techniques often restrict students' cognitive engagement and metacognitive awareness. This study seeks to examine the efficacy of problem-based learning (PBL) in improving the reflective and critical thinking abilities of fifth-grade elementary students in scientific education. This research utilized a quantitative methodology with a quasi-experimental design, namely the non-equivalent control group design. The sample comprised 90 students who were randomly allocated to experimental and control groups. The instrument employed was a test of 23 valid items, conducted as both a pre-test and a post-test. Data analysis was performed utilizing descriptive statistics, normality and homogeneity assessments, n-gain analysis, and t-tests. The study's results demonstrate that the experimental group achieved markedly superior post-test scores (M = 83.91; SD = 6.32) in contrast to the control group (M = 70.24; SD = 7.15), with a significance level of p = 0.000. The n-gain value for the experimental group (0.61) was into the moderate range, whereas the control group (0.29) was classified in the low category. These findings indicate that PBL is beneficial in enhancing students' skills in problem identification, hypothesis formulation, evidence analysis, and reflective thinking. This study's originality resides in the empirical validation of PBL implementation at the primary school level, a topic that has seldom been thoroughly examined. The results suggest the need for curriculum change, pedagogical innovation, and professional development for educators in inclusive and reflective fundamental scientific education.
Co-Authors Aba, Maria Martini Abadyo Abadyo Abdur Rahman As’ari Ade Eka Anggraini Adi Atmoko Adika Setyo Budi Lestari Ahmad Fathoni Abas Ahmad Hasan Saifurrisal Ahyani Mirah Liani ALFARIS, RENALDY Alkans Sofyawati Sutrisno Andayani, Nita Dwi Andika Setyo Budi Lestari Anggraheni, Ika Arfan Triwiratman Aynin Mashfufah Basuki Widodo Bayat, Palgunadi Abdulah Bayu Nugroho Bhakti Setya Budi Budi Sasomo, Budi Budi, Bhakti Setya Candra Utama Choerul Anwar, Choerul Cholis Sa’dijah Christi Matitaputty Christina Martha Laamena Chusnul Ma'rifah Devita Rizka Utami Dewi Astutik Didimus Nuham, Didimus Dimas Galih Dwi Pangasta Dwi Agus Sudjimat Dwita Tyasti Asri Eddy Bambang Irawan Edy Bambang Irawan Elly's Mersina Mursidik Emanuel, Endrayana Putut Laksminto Emerensiana Nona Ana Erry Hidayanto Evi Lutviana Faizah, Siti Faizatul Munawaroh Faula Rossydha Fitri Kumalasari Ghazali, Norliza HAFIIZH, MOCHAMMAD Hakqi, Atika Nurul Harfin Lanya, Harfin Harsayandaru Himawan Hasanah, Muhammad Isnin Hery Susanto Hery Susanto I Made Sulandra I Nengah Parta Imanuel Hitipeuw Imro'atul Mubarokah Indah Sukowati Indrawatiningsih, Nonik Indriati Nurul Hidayah Intan Sari Rufiana Intan Sari Rufiana Irianto, Savitri Oktavia Iska Agustina K., Shirly Rizky Kadek Adi Wibawa Kamirsyah Wahyu Khairiyatun Nisak Dzikiyan Khoerul Umam khusnul khotimah Kristayulita Kristayulita Laelinatul Choeriyah Lely Purnawati Lestari, Andika Setyo Budi Lia Budi Tristanti Linarsih, Yanti Lingga Nico Pradana Lingga, Leny Julia Luthfiyah, Hullatul Makbul Muksar Mardhatillah Mardhatillah, Mardhatillah Masfufah, Aynin Masfufha, Aynin Mat, Hamidah Mauidah, Siti Meliyana Raharjanti Meliyana Raharjanti, Meliyana Miswanto Miswanto Mohammad Dadan Sundawan Mohammad Imam Utoyo Mohammad Ridhoi Mohd Nasir, Farah Damia Mubarokah, Imro'atul Muhammad Amin Muhammad Irfan Muhammad Noor Kholid Muliana Sari Murpratiwi, Gendis Musnar Indra Daulay Nata Amanda Nazihah, Dia Ayu Ngesti, Nisaa Arta Ningtyas, Yoga Dwi Windy Kusuma Nurhaswinda Nurul Subahtul Oktaviani Adhi Suciptaningsih Olga Putriana Wati Parida Parida Patma Sopamena Pratiwi, Enditiyas Pratiwi, Nike Qohar, Abd. Ratnaningsih, Ari Juni Rohyatun Handayaningsih Rosevita Melati Ruli Andriani Rusdial Marta Rustanto Rahardi Saidah Ajilatun Nahdawiyah Sari, Diki Puspita Satriya Adika Arif Atmaja Satriya Adika Arif Atmaja SATRIYAS ILYAS Savitri, Intan Carolina Septiadi, Dimas Danar Shirly Rizki Kusumaningrum Shofi Farihah Muazarah Sisworo Siti Faizah Siti Lailiyah Siti Salina Mustakim Slamet Slamet Arifin Slamet Arifin Slamet Arifin Sri Mulyati Sri Mulyati Sri Rahayuningsih Sri Suryanti Subanji Subanji Suci Yuniati Sudirman Sudirman Suhariningsih Sukoriyanto Sukoryanto Sukoryanto Sumianto Sumianto Susiswo Swasono Rahardjo Swasti Maharani Swasti Maharani Swasti Maharani Swastika, Galuh Tyasing Syaiful Hamzah Nasution Syarifatul Maf’ulah Tasni, Nurfaida Tjang Daniel Chandra Tri Kuncoro Wangguway, Yustinus Wati, Pulia Widuri, Nabila Ekaputri Worowirastri E., Dyah Yahdillah, Nawal Yayuk Kuswanti Yenni Fitra Surya Yulia Primantari Yundari, Yundari Yuniartiningsih Yuniartiningsih Yusuf Hanafi Zayyadi, Moh Zulfah Zulfah Zuniga, Kristina