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Korelasi NT-proBNP dengan Fraksi Ejeksi pada Pasien Gagal Jantung: Tinjauan Pustaka Darma, I Wayan Dika Aditia; Sangging, Putu Ristyaning Ayu
Medula Vol 16 No 2 (2026): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v16i2.1769

Abstract

Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by typical signs and symptoms resulting from structural or functional cardiac abnormalities that impair the ability of the ventricles to fill with or eject blood effectively. It remains a major global health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. One of the most widely used biomarkers for assessing disease severity and prognosis in heart failure is N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide or NT proBNP. Elevated NT proBNP levels occur in response to increased ventricular wall stress and volume overload and are closely related to the degree of left ventricular dysfunction, which is commonly assessed by left ventricular ejection fraction or LVEF. Numerous studies have demonstrated a significant negative correlation between NT proBNP levels and ejection fraction, particularly in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, where higher NT proBNP concentrations are observed as LVEF decreases. In contrast, in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, this relationship is not consistently linear. This variability is influenced by additional factors such as diastolic dysfunction, the presence of comorbid conditions, increased myocardial stiffness, and structural cardiac remodeling that may not be fully reflected by ejection fraction values alone. This literature review aims to analyze the relationship between NT proBNP levels and ejection fraction in patients with heart failure based on findings from national and international studies published over the past ten years. A clear understanding of this relationship is essential to define the diagnostic and prognostic value of NT proBNP and to support its use in therapeutic monitoring and risk stratification in patients with heart failure.
Evaluasi kadar CRP High Sensitivity sebagai Marker Risiko Kardiovaskular pada Dewasa Muda: Indonesia Rachmantiawan, Aldiano; Sangging, Putu Ristyaning Ayu
Medula Vol 16 No 3 (2026): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v16i3.1773

Abstract

Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease originate from chronic low grade inflammatory processes, making high sensitivity C reactive protein or hs CRP widely studied as a cardiovascular risk marker, including in young adults. This study is a narrative review of 16 articles published between 2019 and 2025 that examine hs CRP in young adults aged 18 to 45 years and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors, cardiovascular disease events, and clinical outcomes. The review findings indicate that in overweight or obese young adults, elevated hs CRP levels are associated with central obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose, and higher blood pressure. In addition, irregular sleep patterns and short term variability in diastolic blood pressure are also linked to increased hs CRP levels, suggesting the presence of subclinical inflammation early in life. In older populations and in patients with established cardiovascular disease, high hs CRP levels are reported to predict cardiovascular disease incidence, carotid plaque formation, cardiometabolic multimorbidity, functional disability, and short term mortality. However, hs CRP is not associated with the progression of coronary artery calcification and demonstrates substantial intra individual variability. Overall, hs CRP has potential value as an additional marker to identify young adults at higher cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, hs CRP is not sufficient as a single screening tool and should be interpreted alongside traditional cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle patterns. Repeated measurements are recommended to improve risk assessment accuracy and to account for biological variability in hs CRP levels.
Hubungan Asupan Black Garlic Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Ginjal Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Galur Sprague-Dawley Yang Diinduksi Minyak Jelantah Dimas, Dimas; Sangging, Putu Ristyaning Ayu
Medula Vol 16 No 2 (2026): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v16i2.1790

Abstract

Cooking oil consumed orally contains toxic substances that can cause cell damage in the kidneys. Black garlic contains antioxidants that can have an anti-toxic effect on the kidneys. This study is a true experimental study using a posttest only control group design to determine whether there is a relationship between black garlic intake and renal histopathology in Sprague-Dawley strain white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by used cooking oil. In this study, there were 25 rat samples divided into 5 groups: a control group with distilled water (K1), a control group with waste oil (K2), a 200mg/kgBW group (P1), a 400mg/kgBW group (P2), and an 800mg/kgBW group from the black garlic dose (P3). Microscopic aspects such as cellular infiltration, edema, and necrosis were assessed to evaluate the histopathology of the kidney. The data obtained were then statistically tested using One-Way ANOVA and PostHoc LSD tests. Based on the results of the One-Way ANOVA statistical test, a p-value of 0.000 was obtained, and group P3 had the lowest renal histopathological damage compared to groups P1 and P2. There was a relationship between black garlic intake and the histopathology of the kidneys of Sprague-Dawley strain white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by waste oil, and the group with a black garlic dose of 800 mg/kgBW had the lowest histopathological damage to the kidneys compared to the other treatment groups.
Peran Laju Endap Darah dalam Evaluasi Penyakit Inflamasi Kronik Purnama Sari, Faraztya; Sangging, Putu Ristyaning Ayu; Graharti, Risti
Medula Vol 16 No 3 (2026): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v16i3.1821

Abstract

Chronic inflammation is a persistent immune response resulting from continuous inflammatory stimuli, such as chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders, and plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases. Continuous evaluation of inflammatory activity requires laboratory parameters that are easily accessible and capable of reflecting long-term inflammatory processes. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a non-specific hematological test that remains widely used in clinical practice to assess systemic inflammation. Elevated ESR values occur as a result of changes in acute-phase proteins, particularly fibrinogen and immunoglobulins, which promote erythrocyte aggregation and accelerate the sedimentation process. This review article aims to discuss the role of ESR in the evaluation of chronic inflammatory diseases, including the mechanisms underlying ESR elevation, its advantages, limitations, and comparison with other inflammatory biomarkers. ESR has advantages in representing stable chronic inflammation, its simplicity, and relatively low cost; however, it also has limitations, including low specificity and a slow response to changes in inflammatory activity. Therefore, ESR should be interpreted comprehensively in conjunction with clinical evaluation and other inflammatory biomarkers to support optimal management of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Co-Authors Adinda Husna Cahyana Agung Ikhssani Agustyas Tjiptaningrum Ahmad Duta Al-Ihya Alghani, Sulthan Rafi Almaina Puteri Jasmine Almaina Amira Nabila Andi Nafisah Angelica Philia Christy Anggraeni Janar Wulan Annisarahma, Lyvia Aprilia, Intan Rahma Ardian Reza Putra Arfa Salma Firnandya Ari Irawan Ari Irawan Ari Wahyuni Aulia Nur Fitriatsani Aurora Awindya Nareswari Azizah Nur Rahmah Bagus Pratama Brigitta Shinta dewi Carissa Aprilia Y Cholyviona W.S Handhayani Citra Yuliyanda Pardilawati Cut Karel Dithia Daffa Fahreiza Daffa Fahreiza Darma, I Wayan Dika Aditia Devina Hardianto Devira Fitriani Kamal Devya Aulia Dian Isti Angraini Dilla Syahra Noor Fitri Dimas, Dimas Dzakwan Cedri Ketierteu Ellysa Angguman Putri Evan Christian Christian Fadila Gustiani Daraz Fadilah Alwiyah Faiq Razaan Razaan Farid Hammadi Faridi Pani Farraz Kanya Syahra Fathunnisa, Ridha Riano Fayza Syachrani Fityah Zabrina Hidayat Ganesha Rahman Hakim Ghina Salsabila Fenty PNR Gusnirwan, Alief Hanifah Qollama Astrid Hanna Mutiara Helmi Ismunandar Hendri Busman Herlambang, Geri Indra Imtinan Khoirunnisa Indah Kurnia Putri Waruwu Indah Salsabila Indri Windarti Intanri Kurniati Isabela Irene Pangestu Jausal, Anisa Nuraisa Jhons Fatriyadi Suwandi Julianti, Dinul Aliya Kalih, Abigael Ludwina Kamila Nastiti Karima, Nisa Keziah Tirtawijaya Khairun Nisa Kurnia Fithrananda Kurniawaty, Evi Laja, Rana Salsabila Putri Lintang Lestari Cahya Sawitri Mafalda Marzon Maria Devi Melni Armadani Mentari Putri Maharani Mira Yustika Mochamad Fauzan Dava Muhamad Zaidan Algifari Muhammad Ammar Naufal Muhammad Arsy Kamal Faadhil Muhammad Maulana Muhammad Rizki Akbar, Muhammad Rizki Mukhbita, Khalila Alya Mukhlis Imanto, Mukhlis Nabila Alsa Sagia Nabila Shafira Nabila Yoli Rahmadani Nadhia Wihelga Nahrassyiah Rahma Putri Ni Putu Sari Widiyani Noval Ramadirta Nurul Fadhilah Az-zahro Nurul Utami Oktafany Oktafany Oktoba, Zulpakor Pardilawati, Citra Yulianda Pardilawati, Citra Yuliyanda Prasetyo, Muhammad Purwono Purnama Sari, Faraztya Qoriba, Fathan RA Genta Syakira Hatta Rachel Agustin Inggrid Zefanya Rachmantiawan, Aldiano Rafi Gutra Aslam rahmawati, selvi Rahmi Zuraida Raihanah Nabilah Rani Himayani Rani Himayani Rani Himayani Rasmi Zakiah Oktarlina Ratna Dewi Puspita Sari Regita Dwi M Reisyah Syahfira Rifka Putri Dewi Rika Lisiswanti Risti Graharti Rizqiani Astrid Nasution Rudiyanto, Waluyo Salsabila Haqya Kusuma Salshabilla, Annisa Santhi, Komang Ria Yuliana Sembiring, Dustin Delano Pranata Setiorini, Anggi Shiddiq, Muhammad Nasrullah Nur Shinta Nareswari, Shinta Simanungkalit, Jesica Natalia Sinulingga, Anselmus Libreya Siti Shafira Elfreda Suharmanto Suryani Agustina Daulay Susianti Susianti Sutarto Sutarto Sutyarso Sutyarso Syahrani Alya Murfi Syalwa Meutia Syiva Ulhayah Tamaulina Br Sembiring Tiasti, Jania Tri Umiana Soleha Tsurayya Fathma Zahra Utami, Winda Trijayanthi Yashila Rahimah Zahra, Siti Aqila Zayatri Nurul Jannaty Zheva Aprillia Yozevi