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Metode Case-Based Learning Dalam Pendidikan Kedokteran Untuk Meningkatkan Penalaran Klinis, Pengambilan Keputusan, Dan Self-Directed Learning Ekawati Rini Wulansari; Luluk Hermawati; Erika Agustianti; Rukman Abdullah; Ade Ichwan Sulthany; Erni Trisnasari
Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Juni
Publisher : Arfah BHMS Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63980/eduvasi.v2i2.168

Abstract

Pendidikan kedokteran modern menuntut pendekatan pembelajaran yang tidak hanya berfokus pada penguasaan pengetahuan medis, tetapi juga pada pengembangan kompetensi esensial, seperti penalaran klinis, pengambilan keputusan, dan pembelajaran mandiri. Case-Based Learning (CBL) merupakan salah satu strategi pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan kasus klinis terstruktur untuk menjembatani kesenjangan antara teori dan praktik klinis. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran Case-Based Learning dalam memperkuat penalaran klinis, kemampuan pengambilan keputusan, dan Self-Directed Learning pada mahasiswa kedokteran. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan melalui basis data PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar dengan rentang publikasi tahun 2015–2025 menggunakan kata kunci “Case-Based Learning”, “Medical Education”, “Clinical Reasoning”, “Decision-Making”, dan “Self-Directed Learning”. Artikel yang disertakan meliputi penelitian empiris, tinjauan sistematis, dan literature review yang relevan dengan konteks pendidikan kedokteran. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa CBL berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan penalaran klinis melalui analisis kasus yang terstruktur dan kontekstual, memperkuat kemampuan pengambilan keputusan melalui diskusi berbasis bukti, serta mendukung pembelajaran mandiri dengan mendorong keterlibatan aktif dan refleksi belajar dalam kerangka pembelajaran terpandu. Efektivitas penerapan CBL dipengaruhi oleh kualitas desain kasus, peran fasilitator, dan kesiapan mahasiswa. Dengan demikian, Case-Based Learning merupakan pendekatan pembelajaran yang efektif dan relevan dalam pendidikan kedokteran untuk mendukung pengembangan kompetensi klinis dan kesiapan pembelajar sepanjang hayat.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Management – A Literature Review Luluk Hermawati; I Made Arya Subadiyasa; Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati; Hilizza Awalina Zulfa; Nur Ayu Virginia Irawati; Rossa Amelia
JURNAL KEDOKTERAN RAFLESIA Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Juni
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS BENGKULU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33369/juke.v12i1.48386

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder commonly observed in women of reproductive age and is associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological disturbances. This article aims to comprehensively review the pathophysiology, risk factors, and clinical management of PCOS based on current scientific evidence. The method employed was a narrative literature review, conducted through a systematic search of scientific articles in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. The keywords used included polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS pathophysiology, insulin resistance, anti-Müllerian hormone, and clinical management. Publications in English and Indonesian from 2015 to 2025 were included. The selected articles comprised original research studies, systematic reviews, and relevant literature reviews. The findings indicate that the pathophysiology of PCOS is multifactorial, involving hormonal alterations, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, which leads to chronic anovulation. The main risk factors for PCOS include obesity, insulin resistance, sedentary lifestyle, unbalanced nutritional status, as well as metabolic and genetic predispositions, all of which contribute to the heterogeneous clinical manifestations of the syndrome. The management of PCOS is individualized and multidisciplinary, with lifestyle modification as the first-line therapy, supported by dietary interventions, physical activity, and pharmacological treatment according to clinical indications. This review highlights the importance of an integrated approach in the management of PCOS to improve clinical outcomes and prevent long-term complications.
Cedera Tusuk Jarum sebagai Bahaya Okupasional pada Tenaga Kesehatan di Rumah Sakit: Analisis Pola Kejadian, Determinan, dan Strategi Pencegahan: Needlestick Injury as an Occupational Hazard among Healthcare Workers in Hospitals: Analysis of Incidence Patterns, Determinants, and Prevention Strategies Erika Agustianti; Amanah Eva Fidusia; Luluk Hermawati; Siti Darifah; Yuda Nabella Prameswari; Firda Asma’ul Husna
Jurnal Kesehatan Ilmiah Aufa Royhan Vol 11 No 1 (2026): Vol. 11 No. 1 Juni 2026
Publisher : Universitas Aufa Royhan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51933/health.v11i1.2590

Abstract

Cedera tusuk jarum merupakan bahaya okupasional yang umum dihadapi tenaga kesehatan, terutama di rumah sakit, dan berpotensi menimbulkan infeksi penyakit menular seperti HIV dan hepatitis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pola kejadian, determinan risiko, dan strategi pencegahan cedera tusuk jarum pada tenaga kesehatan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah narrative review, dengan pencarian literatur melalui PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect menggunakan kata kunci "needlestick injury," "sharp injuries," "healthcare workers," dan "occupational hazard." Artikel yang diterbitkan antara 2015–2025 dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi diseleksi melalui judul, abstrak, dan teks lengkap, kemudian disintesis secara deskriptif-tematik ke dalam tiga kategori utama: pola kejadian, determinan risiko, dan strategi pencegahan. Hasil menunjukkan cedera tusuk jarum masih menjadi masalah signifikan, terutama pada tenaga kesehatan yang melakukan prosedur invasif, dengan faktor risiko meliputi pengalaman kerja terbatas, kurangnya pelatihan, dan pengelolaan limbah medis yang tidak sesuai prosedur. Pencegahan efektif memerlukan kebijakan keselamatan komprehensif, penggunaan alat medis berfitur pengaman, dan penguatan budaya keselamatan kerja. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya pendekatan holistik yang mengintegrasikan kebijakan, teknologi, dan kepemimpinan untuk menurunkan insiden cedera tusuk jarum di rumah sakit.
Induksi Metastasis Limfonodus oleh DMBA Topikal pada Model Mencit C3H/HeJ dengan Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa Fitria Tahta Alfina; Devy Ariany; Nurlaely Mida Rachmawati; Luluk Hermawati; Ghina Mutiara Abas
Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Mei: Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/klinik.v5i2.6491

Abstract

7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) is an environmental carcinogen. Topical application of DMBA in mice induces skin tumors with 100% incidence, and approximately 40% progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which carries a high risk of metastasis. To evaluate lymph node metastasis in SCC following topical administration of 0.125% DMBA. This research was conducted as a laboratory experimental study A total of 200 µl of 0.125% DMBA was applied topically to the dorsal skin of C3H/HeJ mice three times a week for 10 weeks. All mice with SCC showed metastatic deposits in the lymph nodes, characterized by anaplastic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and a 1:1 nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio. Significant differences in follicular area were found between the malignant DMBA group and the vehicle (mean difference 0.26; P<0.001), distilled water (0.25; P<0.001), and between the benign DMBA group and both vehicle (0.28; P<0.001) and distilled water (0.27; P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the malignant and benign DMBA groups (P = 0.767), or between vehicle and distilled water (P = 0.884). Topical application of 0.125% DMBA for 10 weeks is associated with lymph node metastasis in SCC, which can be identified through histological observation of tumor cell deposits and follicular hyperplasia in lymph nodes.
Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Keluhan Computer Vision Syndrome pada Siswa Selama Pandemi COVID-19: Research -, Erfira; Nuryasin, Muhammad Farras; Hermawati, Luluk; Irawati, Nur Bebi Ulfah
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 07 (2026): Juli 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i07.2056

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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to major changes in the education system through the implementation of the school-from-home policy since March 16, 2020. This condition led to a significant increase in the intensity of gadget use among students, potentially triggering eye health problems such as computer vision syndrome (CVS). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CVS and the factors influencing its occurrence among students at a private senior high school in Central Jakarta during the online learning period. Methods: A cross-sectional study using random sampling was conducted, and data were collected via online questionnaires completed by students. Results: Out of a total of 166 respondents, 74.7% of students experienced CVS symptoms. The most commonly reported complaints included itchy eyes (78.9%), watery eyes (69.3%), and headaches (63.9%). Most of these complaints were associated with prolonged gadget use, namely, more than 6 hours per day. Conclusion: The duration of digital device use during online learning and refractive error were important factors contributing to the prevalence of CVS among students. Promotive and preventive efforts are needed to reduce the risk of CVS through education on healthy gadget use during distance learning.
CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS: EPIDEMIOLOGI, PATOGENESIS, MANIFESTASI KLINIS, DIAGNOSIS, DAN PENATALAKSANAAN: TINJAUAN LITERATUR Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati; Luluk Hermawati; Silvia Fitrina Nasution; Putri Damayanti; Yuda Nabella Prameswari; Hilizza Awalina Zulfa
JURNAL BIOSENSE Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Edisi April 2026
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, Jalan Ikan Tongkol No 01, Telp (0333) 421593, 428592 Banyuwangi 68416

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/biosense.v9i2.7673

Abstract

Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic infection caused by protozoa of the Cryptosporidium genus that infect humans and animals worldwide. The disease remains a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with limited access to clean water and adequate sanitation. This study aimed to review recent scientific evidence regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of cryptosporidiosis. A literature review method was employed by analyzing scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025 retrieved from databases including PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Relevant studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and analyzed narratively. The review indicates that Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum are the most common species causing human infection and account for the majority of cases worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs through the fecal–oral route via contaminated water or food, as well as direct contact with infected hosts. Infection involves parasite attachment and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells, leading to mucosal damage, malabsorption, and diarrhea. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the host's immune status, ranging from mild self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent individuals to severe and chronic infection in immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis is commonly established through microscopic detection of oocysts, antigen-based assays, and molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Current management mainly focuses on supportive therapy, while nitazoxanide remains the only antiparasitic drug approved by the FDA for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis. Therefore, improvements in sanitation, development of diagnostic methods, and effective prevention strategies are essential to reduce the global burden of cryptosporidiosis.
HUBUNGAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI: STUDI CROSS-SECTIONAL DI RS SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA Hilizza Awalina Zulfa; Nur Lailatul Nofisah; Mery Nitalia; Luluk Hermawati
Medika Tadulako: Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Maret
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/asehgt73

Abstract

Hypertension is a condition characterized by an increase in systoic blood pressure >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg. One of the important risk factors for hypertension is elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). This study aimed to determine the association between random blood glucose levels and the occurence of hypertension at Syarif Hidayatullah Hospital, Jakarta. This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 90 respondents were included using consecutive sampling, with inclusion criteria of patients aged >18 years who had complete medical records of random blood glucose and blood pressure measurements. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test. The result showed that 42.2% of patients with hyperglycemia had hypertension, while 31.1% had hyperglycemia without hypertension. Among patients with normal blood glucose levels, 7.8% had hypertension and 18.9% had neither hypertension nor hyperglycemia. The Chi-Square analysis demonstrated a significant association between random blood glucose levels and hypertension (p = 0.017) with an odds ratio (OR) odf 2.588, indicating that patients with hyperglycemia had appoximately 2.6 times higher risk of developing hypertension compared to normoglycemic patients. In conclusion, there is a significant association between elevated random blood glucose levels and the occurance of hypertension, suggesting that hyperglycemia is an important risk factor for hypertension.
Problem-Based Learning Dan Pengembangan Higher-Order Thinking Skills Pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran: Tinjauan Literatur Ekawati Rini Wulansari; Amanah Eva Fidusia; Erika Agustianti; Firda Asma’ul Husna; Siti Darifah; erni Trisnasari; Luluk Hermawati
Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Arfah BHMS Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63980/eduvasi.v1i3.93

Abstract

Modern medical education emphasizes not only the mastery of medical knowledge but also the development of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), including critical thinking, problem solving, and self-directed learning (SDL). To achieve these learning outcomes, Problem-Based Learning (PBL) has become one of the most widely implemented instructional strategies in medical curricula worldwide. This literature-based study aims to systematically examine the contribution of PBL in medical education to the enhancement of students’ HOTS. The Methods was using A comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the keywords “Problem-Based Learning,” “Medical Education,” “Higher-Order Thinking Skills,” “Critical Thinking,” “Problem solving,” and “Self-Directed Learning.” Inclusion criteria consisted of publications from 2015–2025, empirical research, systematic reviews, or literature reviews within the field of medical education. The Results are The findings indicate that PBL in medical education significantly improves critical thinking by fostering analytical and evaluative skills, enhances problem-solving ability through authentic clinical case scenarios, and supports self-directed learning by promoting learner autonomy in identifying study needs and accessing scientific evidence. The success of PBL depends on the quality of case scenarios, the role of tutors as facilitators, and the readiness of students to engage actively in the learning process. The Conclusion is Evidence from the literature highlights that Problem-Based Learning plays a pivotal role in developing higher-order thinking skills among medical students. Integrating PBL systematically into medical curricula—supported by adequate learning resources and trained facilitators—strengthens lifelong learning competencies and prepares students to face the complex challenges of modern healthcare.
CAFFEINE AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MUSCLE MASS AND STAMINA Luluk Hermawati; Hilizza Awalina; Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati; Amanah Eva Fidusia; Erika Agustianti; Fathurrohim Fathurrohim
Journal of Sport Science and Tourism Activity Vol 5, No 1 (2026): Journal of Sport Science and Tourism Activity (JOSITA)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/josita.v5i1.38698

Abstract

Caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulant compound globally and is well known for its ability to enhance alertness and reduce the perception of fatigue. In the context of sports and physical activity, caffeine has been identified as an effective ergogenic aid, improving both endurance and cognitive performance during intense exercise. This literature review aims to systematically evaluate the primary biochemical mechanisms of caffeine relevant to physical performance enhancement, particularly through its effects on the central nervous system and muscle metabolism. Biochemically, caffeine primarily functions by blocking adenosine receptors, thereby influencing neurotransmission and increasing sympathetic activity. Additionally, caffeine has been shown to affect energy substrate mobilization by enhancing lipolysis and sparing muscle glycogen. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that caffeine also plays a role in muscle mass regulation through the activation of molecular pathways such as AMPK and mTOR. AMPK activation enhances metabolic efficiency and energy utilization, while mTOR is involved in protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy, positioning caffeine as a potential candidate to support training adaptation and muscle mass maintenance. However, caffeine’s effectiveness is not uniform across individuals and may be influenced by various factors such as dosage, timing of consumption, type of exercise, as well as genetic and habitual factors. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of caffeine’s mechanisms of action is crucial for maximizing its benefits in supporting physical performance safely and effectively. This article summarizes the latest scientific findings providing physiological and molecular foundations regarding caffeine’s role in enhancing endurance and muscle mass, and offers insights for its application in sports and health practices.
A Comparative Study of Academic Performance in Myopic Students With and Without Vision Correction Erfira Erfira; Dini Febriandriani; Nida Farida; Fitria Mahrunnisa; Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati; Luluk Hermawati; Muhammad Usman
The Avicenna Medical Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): The Avicenna Medical Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/avicenna.v6i1.46768

Abstract

Background: Vision is the primary way people get information and is crucial for the learning process. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 285 million people worldwide are visually impaired, with 42% of cases due to uncorrected refractive errors. School-age children are highly vulnerable to refractive errors, with myopia (nearsightedness) being the most common. A decrease in visual function due to myopia interferes with tasks requiring far vision, such as reading the blackboard, which can negatively impact academic performance. This study aims to compare the academic performance of patients with corrected and uncorrected myopia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytic study of 5th-grade elementary school students with myopia in Jakarta during 2023. Data collected included the students' average mid-semester exam scores and their myopia status, determined by visual acuity examinations. Results: Out of 106 respondents, 34% (36 people) had corrected myopia and 66% (70 people) had uncorrected myopia with 35 (33%) respondents having academic performance results below the passing grade. Bivariate analysis of the data using the Chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.010 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between academic performance results and the incidence of myopia.
Co-Authors -, Erfira Abd Rahman Abdul Haris Kuspranoto Abdul Rasyid Ade Ichwan Sulthany Adhayati, Baety Adinda Puspita Dewi Agus Sugiharto Agustianti, Erika Ainina Al Shadrina Alwi, Muhammad Azharan Amanah Eva Fidusia Amanah Eva Fidusia Amanah Eva Fidusia Amanah Eva Fidusia Fidusia Ariany, Devy Awalina Zulfa, Hilizza Damayanti , Putri Devy Ariany Devy Ariany Devy Ariany Dini Febriandriani Dwiyanti, Sophie Ekawati Rini Wulansari Erfira Erfira Erika Agustianti Erika Agustianti Erika Agustianti Erika Agustianti Erika Agustianti Erni Trisnasari erni Trisnasari Ervina Julien Sitanggang Fathurrohim Fathurrohim Fidusia, Amanah Eva Firda Asma’ul Husna Firda Asma’ul Husna Firda Asma’ul Husna Fitria Mahrunnisa Fitria Tahta Alfina Furqoni , Abdul Hadi Furqoni, Abdul Hadi Galang Prahanarendra Ghea Farmaning Thias Putri Ghea Farmaning Thias Putri Ghina Mutiara Abas Herlia, Renata Zhafira Putri Hilizza Awalina Hilizza Awalina Zulfa Hilizza Awalina Zulfa Hilizza Awalina Zulfa Hilizza Awalina Zulfa Hilizza Awalina Zulfa Zulfa Husna, Firda Asma'ul Husna, Firda Asma’ul I Made Arya Subadiyasa Irawati, Nur Bebi Ulfah Kania Pradiva Maharani Kenny Cantika Abadi Kusuma Wardani, Rizky Lola Febriana Dewi Louisa Ivana Utami Maulana Hasymi Hutabarat Maytia Pratiwisitha Mery Nitalia Muchtar Ali Setyo Yudono Muhammad Usman Munifatuzzahra, Munifatuzzahra Muntasiroh, Laily Nasution, Silvia Fitrina Neshya Ruriana Putri, Neshya Ruriana Nida Farida Nur Ayu Virginia Irawati Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati Ulfah Irawati Nur Lailatul Nofisah Nurlaely Mida Rachmawati Nurlaely Mida Rachmawati Nurlaely Mida Rachmawati Nurlaely Mida Rachmawati Nuryasin, Muhammad Farras Omat Rachmat Pratiwisitha, Maytia Putri Damayanti Rachmat, Omat Rachmawati, Nurlaely Mida Ratno Susanto Ratu Nadia Revi Naldi Rifdah Hanifah Rini Wulansa, Ekawati Roslina, Sri Rossa Amelia Rossa Amelia, Rossa Rukman Abdullah Salsabila Hafsah Hasanah Selfie Selfie Siti Darifah Siti Darifah Siti Darifah Siti Darifah Sulthany, Ade Ichwan Susanto, Ratno Twidy Tarcisia Utami, Louisa Ivana Wibowo, David Widyawati, Dwi Yuda Nabella Prameswari Yuda Nabella Prameswari Yuda Nabella Prameswari Yuniarti, Tricahyani Endah Zukhra, Shelly  Zulfa, Hilizza Awalina