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Daulay, Sholihatul Hamidah
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Journal : Studies in English Language and Education

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Retention of Proto-Austronesian vowels in the Karo language: A comparative historical linguistics study Dardanila, Dardanila; Siregar, Erik D; Daulay, Sholihatul Hamidah; Shaumiwaty, Shaumiwaty
Studies in English Language and Education Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/siele.v12i2.43730

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze the inheritance of vowels in the Karo language or Bahasa Karo (hereafter, BK) from Proto-Austronesian (PAN), and BK words that show the retention or inheritance of certain vowels, such as /a/, /i/, /u/, and //. The method involved comparing the phonological elements of BK with the equivalent elements in PAN by using the theory of comparative historical linguistics, including searching for inherited vowels in the penultimate and ultimate positions and observing the retention patterns that occur. The data were derived from 200 Swadesh words and three interviewers. Vocal retention occurs more frequently in the penultimate position than in the ultimate position. This shows how phonological positions affect vowel stability during language transition. These findings conclude that certain phonological components, particularly vowels, have a greater tendency to persist in specific environments. BK has preserved a significant portion of the original PAN vowel inventory, exhibiting less vowel reduction and merger compared to adjacent languages. The retention of vowels in BK indicates a phonological conservatism relative to the more dynamic vowel alterations observed in other Austronesian branches. This study also found a close relationship between PAN and BK in the inheritance of phonological elements of linear vocal of /a/,/i/,/u/,/e/, and one nonlinear vowel sound of /o/. Another important result is the transfer of the vowel /u/ from PAN to BK in the ultimate position shows a pattern of retention or direct inheritance.
Co-Authors Achmad Ramadhan Adawiyah, Rabi'atun Adelita, Devika Afrida, Nina Alqawwiy, Thareq Ahmad Alvindi Anjani, Rosa AR, Mhd. Faisal Abadi Arlina Arlina Arlina, Arlina Arsini, Yenti Aulia, Dea Nita Bahri, Ulfa Lifia Benni Ichsanda Rahman Hz Berutu, Hotma Bidadari, Lintang Dalimunte , Muhammad Dalimunte, Ahmad Amin Dalimunte, Muhammad Dalimunthe, Muhammad Dardanila, Dardanila Daulay , Ernita Debataraja, Christina Suriani DIAH KHOIRUNNISA HARAHAP Didik Santoso Dimas Dinda Gustiana Faradilla, Annisa Farida Repelita Waty Kembaren Harahap, Arfita Wahyuni Harahap, Diah Khoirunnisa Harahap, Salamiyah Nur Hakim Hartana, Jasar Ikhwan Fauzi Irham, Novia Robeitah Irma Suryani Islami, Cut Muftahul Ismahani, Siti Izar, Julisah Khadijah Khadijah Khairatun Nisa Khairunnisa Kurniati, Eka Yuni Lubis, Aulia Khairunisa Lubis, Nurul Atika Lubis, Rodiatul Audiyah Manik, Nazarudin Marpaung, Indriana Dewi Mawarni Meutia, Cut Intan Muhammad Hafiz Nabila , Afanin Nabila, Afanin Nancy Putri Utami Nasution, Ayau Ummad Nasution, Elsa Septriana Wijaya Nasution, Muhammad Muslim Nasution, Puspita Sari Nasution, Safitri Adriani Nasution, Ummi Aisah Nasution, Ummi Aisyah Naura, Wisda Ningrum, Diah Widya Ningsih, Fitri Randia Niswa, Khairun Novita, Amelia Nst, Ahmad Husein Nurika Khalila Daulay, Nurika Khalila Nurlela Nurlela Nurraida, Nurraida NURSYAHDIYAH, NURSYAHDIYAH Nurul Azmi, Nurul Perkasyah, Musthafa Fadli Pratiwi, Tara Purnama, Surya Wijaya Purnomo, Maslathif Dwi Rahma Sari, Rahma Rahmah , Isnayni Rahmah, Isnayni Ramadhan , Achmad Ramadhani, Shella Fitri Renjani, Adeliya Putri Ridhon, Muti’an Rifaatul Mahmudah Rizky, Fitri Miftahul Sahnan, Bajuri Samosir, Sri Aulia Saragih, Alya Syahlani Saragih, Ibnu Ziat Sari Sibuea, Alya Julida Sersanawawi, Lisa Shaumiwaty, Shaumiwaty SIREGAR, DEASY YUNITA Siregar, Erik D Siti Nurani Sri Wahyuni Srikandi, Azura Sufi, M. Iqbal Farabi Sulistia, Noni Sundari Fitri, Sundari Syafi'i, Arif Tanjung, Rahmi Rahmita Tien Rafida, Tien Utami Dewi Wahyuni, Dela Widyasri, Windy Willy Satria Winda Sari Wiranda, Arya Yani, Rahma