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Syaad Patmanthara
Universitas Negeri Malang
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Journal : JOURNAL OF APPLIED INFORMATICS AND COMPUTING

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Abstract Syntax Tree Model for Minimizing False Negative in Semantic Evaluation of Python Fill-in-the-Blank Nurhasan, Usman; Prasetya, Didik Dwi; Patmanthara, Syaad
Journal of Applied Informatics and Computing Vol. 9 No. 6 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30871/jaic.v9i6.11090

Abstract

This study develops and evaluates an automated assessment model using Abstract Syntax Trees (AST) with a view to overcoming the limitations of string-matching techniques in the assessment of Fill-in-the-Blank (FIB) programming answers. Traditional string-matching techniques have a relatively high False Negative Rate (FNR) of 21.5% within the context of detecting semantic equivalence. The current model uses semantic structural triangulation to ascertain the semantic similarity of student answers. Technical assessment shows that the AST approach markedly reduces the FNR to 4.5%. The model demonstrates high reliability (ϰ = 0.83) with high classification accuracy (F1 Score = 0.966) which attests to its inferential validity. From a pedagogical perspective, system implementation leads to substantial learning gains, evidenced by a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.82) and a high normalized gain (Normalized Gain = 0.90). Multiple regression analysis confirms that semantic accuracy is the primary causal factor driving improved student comprehension. Ontologically, while AST is valid as a partial representation, its limitations—particularly tree isomorphism in recursive structures—highlight the need for further exploration of graph isomorphism approaches. Control Flow Graphs (CFG) and Data Flow Graphs (DFG) offer more expressive relational models for capturing control and data dependencies. The model demonstrates functional feasibility with a System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 76.47. Overall, the AST Triangulation Model is validated as pedagogically effective, inferentially robust, and supportive of evaluative transparency. Future research recommends validating the model on more complex tasks and releasing it as open-source to support reproducibility.
Co-Authors Achmad Imam Agung Aditya Galih Sulaksono, Aditya Galih Agung Bella Putra Utama Aji Prasetya Wibawa Al Mukafi, Muhammad Hamdan Alfarid Hendro Yuwono Amidatus Sholihat jamil Amrullah, Ahmad Khakim Angga Achmad Cholid Anwar, Akhmad Syaiful Arie Wardhono Aripriharta - Arizia Aulia Aziiza Arsyillah, Nazhiroh Tahta Asfani, Khoirudin Ashar, Muhammad Ashar, Muhammad Asih Setiani Aya Sofia Mufti Ayuningtyas Kurniawati Azhar Ahmad Smaragdina Benti Gandisa Bramastya, Rista Daniar Wahyu Akbar Oktaviando Dendy Dewa Widjaya Putra Dhega Febiharsa Didik Dwi Prasetya Didik Nurhadi Dila Umnia Soraya Djoko Kustono Djunaidi Ghany Dyah Lestari Eddy Sutadji Eddy Triswanto Setyoadi Eddy Triswanto Setyoadi Ega Putriatama Eko Setiawan Eko Setiawan Ekohariadi Ekohariadi Elfia Najib Kholifiatin Evania Kurniawati Fachrul Kurniawan Fadli Hidayat, M. Noer Fahmi Efendi Yusuf Fandi Akhmad Kurniawan Fatmawati, Hefi Ferdiansyah, Dodik Septian Fikha Rizky Aullia Firman Syahputra, Yohanes Dhimas Gülsün Kurubacak Hakkun Elmunsyah Hanna Zakiyya Hari Putranto Harits Ar Rosyid Harmanto Harmanto Hartarto Junaedi Hary Suswanto Hermansyah, Winda Adelia Heru Wahyu Herwanto Hidayat, Manik I Made Sudana I Made Wirawan Ikhwan Arif Ilmam, Thirafi Indraswari, Martha Devi Isnandar Jayadi, Puguh Joumil Aidil Saifuddin Julfikar Mawansyah Karaman, Jamilah Kholiqin, Sabrina Nabila Kurniawan, Rivan Adi Kurniawan, Singgih Adie Kurubacak, Gulsun Lokapitasari Belluano, Poetri Lestari M Ibrahim Ashari M. Zainal Arifin M. Zainal Arifin Mahali, Mahali Marji Marji Maskur Maskur MAULA, PUTRINDA INAYATUL Meidy, Ria Devita Meidy, Ria Devita Mentari, Febiana Putri Moh. Afifullah Mokh Sholihul Hadi Mubarok, Sulton Muhammad Auva Romadhon Muhammad Hamdan Al Mukafi Muhammad Hudan Rahmat Mukhamad Angga Gumilang Muladi Nafi Isbadrianingtyas Naurah Septi Anggraini Nia Arlika Nidhom, Ahmad Mursyidun Ningrum, Gres Dyah Kusuma Nur Aini Susanti Nur Hidayat, Wahyu Nur Hikmah Nurul Hidayati Odhitya Desta Oki Dwi Yuliana Perdana Putra, Muhammad Ricky Prasetyo, Wiji Dwi Prayoga, Adie Purnomo, Purnomo R. Mahmud Sugandi Rahajeng Kartika Sari Rahmawati, Chusnia Ramadiani, Nanda Resta Ratnasari, Novia Resti Pranata Putri Ria Devita Meidy Rizal, Muhammad Fatkhur Rokhimatul Wakhidah Sakkinah, Intan Sulistyaningrum Sari, Rahajeng Kartika Shofiyah Al Idrus Siti Munawaroh Slamet Wibawanto Soenar Soekopitojo Suastika Yulia Riska Suci Lestari Sunu Jatmika, Sunu Suparji Suparji Sutapa, Yohanes Gatot Syamsul Hadi Titasari Rahmawati Tiya Nurul Khusna Tri Atmadji Sutikno Tri Wrahatnolo Triyana Widiyaningtyas Triyanna Widiyaningtyas Triyanna Widiyaningtyas Usman Nurhasan Wahyu Sakti Gunawan Irianto Waras Waras Yuli Sutoto Nugroho Yuliana, Oki Dwi Yuniardi, Gigih Dwi Yussi Anggraini Zaeni, Ilham Ari Elbaith Zulfikar, Nizam Muchammad