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Journal : Universa Medicina

Artesunate-tinospora combination treatment decreases nuclear factor kappa-B and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in mouse malarial models Izzati, Nur; Fitri, Loeki Enggar; Dalhar, Mochammad
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.222-228

Abstract

BackgroundCerebral malaria is a severe form of malaria caused by brain ischemia. Artesunate, an artemisinin derivative, is the standard WHO therapy for severe malaria. Tinospora crispa (brotowali) is a traditional plant with antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antiparasitic properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of combinations of artesunate and T. crispa extract on nuclear factor kappa-B (NFêB) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in the brain of mouse malaria models.MethodsThis was an experimental post-test only control group study using C57BL/6J mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, divided into 7 groups: negative control, positive control, group receiving artesunate 32 mg/kgBW, group receiving tinospora extract 3.5 mg/kgBW, and three groups receiving combinations of artesunate 32 mg/kgBW and tinospora extract 2.5 mg/kgBW, 3 mg/kgBW and 3.5 mg/BW, respectively. The expression of NFêB and ICAM-1 was measured by immunohistochemistry. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data.ResultsNFkB and ICAM-1 expression increased significantly in the positive controls compared to all other groups (p=0.000). NFkB expression was significantly lower in the groups receiving artesunate and tinospora at 3 mg/kgBW and 3.5 mg/kgBW, as compared with the artesunate only group (p=0.003; p=0.005) and the tinospora extract only group (p=0.001; p=0.003). NFkB expression in all combination treatment groups was similar to that in the negative controls (p>0.05), whereas ICAM-1 expression did not differ between single and combination treatment groups (p>0.05). ConclusionThe combination of artesunate and T. crispa extract is better in decreasing NFêB and ICAM-1 expression in the brain of mouse malaria models.
Induction of Plasmodium falciparum strain 2300 dormant forms by artemisinin Lilik Maslachah; Yoes Prijatna Dachlan; Chairul A. Nidom; Loeki Enggar Fitri
Universa Medicina Vol. 34 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.25-34

Abstract

BACKGROUND The presence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance and decreased efficacy of artemisinin and its derivatives has resulted in the issue of malaria becoming increasingly complex, because there have been no new drugs as artemisinin replacements. The aims of this research were to evaluate in vitro changes in ultrastructural morphology of P. falciparum 2300 strain after exposure to artemisinin. METHODS The research used an experimental design with post test only control group. Cultures of P. falciparum 2300 strain in one control and one mutant group were treated by exposure to artemisinin at IC50 10-7 M for 48 hours. Ultrastructural phenotypic examination of ring, trophozoite and schizont morphology and developmental stage in the control and mutant group were done at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours by making thin blood smears stained with 20% Giemsa for 20 minutes and examined using a microscope light at 1000x magnification. RESULTS Dormant forms occurred after 48 hours of incubation with IC50 10-7 M artemisinin in the control group. In the mutant group, dormant forms, trophozoites with blue cytoplasm and normal schizont developmental stages were seen. Ultrastructural phenotypic morphology at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours showed that in the control group dormant formation already occurred with exposure to IC50 10-7 M, while in the mutant group dormant formation occurred only with exposure to IC50 2.5x10-5 M. CONCLUSION Exposure to artemisinin antimalarials in vitro can cause phenotypic morphological changes of dormancy in P. falciparum Papua 2300 strain.
Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W AA Sudharmawan, AA Adilah Ulfiati Adilah Ulfiati, Adilah Agustin Iskandar Agustina Tri Endharti Agustina Tri Endharti Ahmad Fauziansyah Zian Ajeng Maharani Putri Alfian Wika Cahyono Ali Rahmanto Anak Agung Gede Sugianthara Andi Arahmadani Arasy Anik Widijanti Arasy, Andi Arahmadani Ardhian Wardana Ardhian Wardana, Ardhian Ariel, Dio Giovanni Arif Setyawan, Sang Aji Arifin, Mochammad Samsul Astutik Pudjirahaju Bagus Hermansyah BR. Sijabat, Melda Fio Flora Bramantyo Aji Wicaksono Bramantyo Aji Wicaksono, Bramantyo Aji Brigitta Ida RV Corebima Burhan, Niniek Cahyono, Alfian Wika Chairul A. Nidom Chairul A. Nidom Dalhar, Mochamad Damayanti, Ria Dara Dasawulansari Syamsuri Desy Andari Dewi Indiastari Didi Candradikusuma Didi Candradikusuma Dio Giovanni Ariel Dorta Simamora Edi Widjajanto Elviliana, Elviliana Erma Sulistyaningsih Erwan, Nabila Erina Eviana Norahmawati Firdiani Nur Afifah, Firdiani Nur Fitria Febriliani Putri Fitriana Nugraheni Fitriana Nugraheni, Fitriana Ghofar, Hervin Febrina Handono Kalim Hayu Sukowati Nopitasari Heri Kristianto Heri Suroso, Heri Herpan Syafii Harahap Hervin Febrina Ghofar Hidayat Sujuti Husnul Asariati Husnul Asariati I Ketut Gede Muliartha Ihwan Ihwan Ika Setyo Rini Irene Ratridewi Isnadiyah Juhdi Joko Agus Gunawan Josef Sem Berth Tuda Juhdi, Isnadiyah Kana Mardhiyyah Kartika Senjarini Karyono Mintaroem Karyono Mintaroem Karyono Mintaroem Khadafi Indrawan Khairiyadi Khairiyadi Krisni Subandiyah Krisni Subandiyah Krisni Subandiyah Krsni Subandiyah Kusworini Handono Laksmi Karunia Tanuwijaya Laksmi Karunia Tanuwijaya Lilik Maslachah Lilik Zuhriyah M. Fahrul Arifin Mardhiyyah, Kana Mario B. Nara Melda Fio Flora BR. Sijabat Merici, Angela Mochammad Dalhar Moh Mirza Nuryady Moh Mirza Nuryady, Moh Mirza Mohammad Saifur Rahman Mulyohadi Ali Muti'ah, Roihatul Nabila Erina Erwan Nafi’ah, Riris Waladatun Namira, Anggi Alya Nashi Widodo Natalia Erica Jahja Nicole Berens-Riha Nicole Berens-Riha, Nicole Niniek Budiarti B Niniek Burhan Noer Aini Nopitasari, Hayu Sukowati Nugraha, Rivo Yudhinata Brian Nur Fahma Pradiptasari Nur Fahma Pradiptasari, Nur Fahma Nur Hidayat Nur Permatasari Nurdiana Nurdiana Nurdiana Nurdiana Nurtyas, Yunika pertiwi, resti anggun Poedji Hastutiek Pratama, Andhika Putra Agus Putri, Ajeng Maharani Putri, Fitria Febriliani Putri, Rachmania Rachmania Putri Rahma, Zainabur Rahmad Rahmad Rahman, Mohammad Saifur Renny Suwarniaty Renny Suwarniaty, Renny Rifa'i, Muhaimin Rivo Yudhinata Brian Nugraha Rizky Amalia Rohma, Novita Ainur Sabrina Sunyoto, Nimas Mayang Saiful Akhyar Lubis Sakunda Anggarini, Sakunda Samsul Arifin Siti Candra Windu Baktiyani Siti Candra Windu Baktiyani Soebaktiningsih Soebaktiningsih Soemarko Soemarko Sri Hayati, Yati Sri Murwani Sri Poeranto, Sri Sri Suhartini Sri Winarsih Subekti, Indah Fitriana Sudjari Sudjari Sugeng Setyo Utomo Sugeng Setyo Utomo, Sugeng Setyo Sujarot Dwi Sasmito sujarot dwi sasmito, sujarot dwi Sumarno . Sumarno Sumarno Susanto Nugroho Susanto Nugroho Sutiman B. Sumitro Swastomo, Rahadi Syarkiah Syarkiah Teguh Wahju Sardjono Teguh Wahju Sardjono Teguh Wahju Sardjono Thomas Loescher Thomas Loescher, Thomas Tikto Wahyono Tinny Endang Endang H Tinny Endang Hernowati Tinny Endang Hernowati Tuda, Josef Sem Berth Umar Zein Verry Asfirizal Vonny Mariany Deckert Wahyono, Tikto Wongso Suhendro Yoes Prijatna Dachlan Yuanita Mulyastuti Yuliyanik yuliyanik Yunika Nurtyas Yunita Armiyanti Zainabur Rahma Zakiyah Zulaifa Zakiyah Zulaifa, Zakiyah