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Netti Herawati
Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Negeri Makassar
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Journal : Journal of Applied Data Sciences

 1 
Adaptive k-Nearest Neighbor Learning for Robust Modal Regression on Multimodal and Heavy-Tailed Data Sutarman, Sutarman; Herawati, Netti; Nababan, Adli Abdillah
Journal of Applied Data Sciences Vol 7, No 2: May 2026
Publisher : Bright Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47738/jads.v7i2.1221

Abstract

Modal regression has attracted increasing attention as an alternative to mean-based regression, particularly in settings characterized by heteroscedasticity, multimodal conditional distributions, and heavy-tailed noise. In such scenarios, estimators based on central tendency may yield predictions that fall in low-density regions of the response space. This paper proposes an adaptive k-nearest neighbor framework for modal regression that integrates entropy-guided neighborhood selection with nonparametric mode estimation, including MeanShift clustering and one-dimensional kernel density estimation. The proposed approach adjusts neighborhood size based on local uncertainty, allowing the regression model to adapt to variations in data density without relying on a globally fixed parameter. Extensive experiments on simulated datasets and real-world benchmarks demonstrate that adaptive modal regression methods generally reduce or stabilize prediction errors relative to fixed-k modal regression and classical kNN mean and median estimators, particularly under heteroscedastic and multimodal conditions, although the magnitude of improvement varies across scenarios. Statistical tests confirm significant differences in most experimental settings, with practical gains ranging from incremental to substantial depending on data complexity. In addition to accuracy, computational behavior is explicitly examined. The findings show a trade-off between computational cost and predictive robustness: entropy-guided adaptive modal regression requires additional runtime due to neighborhood adaptation and density estimation, but this overhead increases proportionally with sample size and remains manageable for medium-sized datasets. Based on these results, adaptive modal regression provides a useful and flexible alternative for regression tasks involving complex and heterogeneous data distributions where robustness is prioritized over minimal computation time.
Co-Authors . Alimin . Alimin, . ., faradillah A. Zulfikar Effendi A. Zulfikar Effendi, A. Zulfikar Abd Rahman Abda Abda Ahmad Fudhai Ahsan, Sitti Faika Alam, Muhammad Nur Alfi Syahar Arrozani Alimin Alimin Anandita, Nihla Andi Zulfikar Efendy Aqrim, Muh. Arham, Husnayaini Army Auliah Asriani Asriani Astriani, Sulis Aulia, Nurul Army Bulqiah, Andi Chilyatiz Zahro Citra Putri, Amida Darma Andayani, Dyah Darnitasari, Devy Deviyanti Deviyanti Dewanri Fattah Dewi Angraini, Dewi Dewi Fortuna Ayu Dian Ekawati Djangi, Muhammad Jasri Erviani Rahmawati Kurnia Eva Anawinta Buangmanalu Fadhli, M. Aslam Firdaus Zenta Firlia Ayu Arini Fitri Indriani, R.A Rodia Fitri Kurnianingsih Gultom, Priscila Manuella GUSTIAWAN, SANDY Haryanti, Wa Ode Novi Hasan, Sri Wahyuni Hasri Hasri Hasri Hasri Ida Ratna Dilla Idhsa, Yasmin Azizah Ikshar Ikshar Ilmiah, Ide Indahsari, Fitriani Indriansyah, Agung Irfandi, Rizal Irzaleny, Meli Iwan Dini Iwan Dini Jasdar Agus Jusniar Jusniar, Jusniar Khairil Afdal Khamida Kusyana, Kusyana La Daha Laily Hanifah Lethe, Maryella Oktafrilly M, Munawwarah Makmur Makmur Makmur Makmur Maryono Maryono Mazaya, Maulida Melly Kristanti Mohammad WIJAYA Mohammad Wijaya M Mufidha, Chusnul Muhaedah Rasyid Muhammad Anwar Muhammad Anwar Muhammad Danail Muhammad Danial Muhammad Jasri Djangi Muhammad Nur Alam Muhammad Rakib Muhammad Rivai Muhammad Syahrir Muhammad Yunus Muharram Muharram Muharram Mutiara, Syawatul Nababan, Adli Abdillah Negara, Satria Putra Jaya Neta Dian Lestari Niluh Asriniasih Niluh Devi Yulyantari Nisai, Khaerun Nita Maghfirah Ilyas Noor Jalaluddin Nugroho, Setiadi Nur Afni Nuraidah Nuraidah, Nuraidah Nurlaila Nurlaila Nurlita pertiwi, Nurlita Nursalam Nurwijayanti Oktarina, Mona Palajukan, Yulianti Pangastuti, Dyah Ayunda Pratama Pasiak, Taufiq Fredrik Pertiwi, Rina Pince Salempa Prastika, Ike Priyatmo, Yudhi Rahbin, Salsabila Rahmi Rahmi Ramdani Ramdani . Ramdani Ramdani Rano, Felisitas Yanti Raswen Efendi Ravika Mutiara Ridwansyah Riftyan, Emma Rini Perdana Risdawati, Risdawati Rita Ismail Rudi Subiyakto, Rudi Ruslan, Zuhra Adminira Ruslan, Zuhrah Adminira Salnus, Subakir Santosa, Yaya Aria SARI, SELVI MUSTIKA Selvianti H, Fifi Septianingrum, Yurike Sitti Faika Sonyinga, Desma Sonyinga, Desma Sudding, Sudding Sugiarti Sugiarti Sugiarti Sugiarti Sumiati Side Suriati Eka Putri Suryani, Uci Susanti Susanti Sutarman Sutarman Syaputra, Wahyudi Syarifuddin, Ulben Sylvianica, Devi Taty Sulastry Taupik Hidayat, Taupik Thumo, Selyndion Ayundi Titi, Titi Ulben Syarifuddin UTAMI, MAULIDA Wardani H. Abidin Warnita Wijayanti, Lono Wulan, Dwi Yeni Susanti Yuliono Yuliono Yunus, Irda Sani