Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
11.322
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal Sosiohumaniora JAKPI IBDA` : Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Budaya Trikonomika: Jurnal Ekonomi EKOMBIS REVIEW: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam al-Uqud : Journal of Islamic Economics Madania: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman Ganaya: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora JOURNAL OF APPLIED ACCOUNTING AND TAXATION Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Owner : Riset dan Jurnal Akuntansi Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi (JURKAMI) MALIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Journal of Humanities and Social Studies Almana : Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS Jurnal Tabarru': Islamic Banking and Finance Iqtishoduna: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam MABIS: Manajemen dan Bisnis At-tijaroh: Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis Islam SERAMBI: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen dan Bisnis Islam Jurnal Ilmiah Edunomika (JIE) Ilomata International Journal of Management Bisman (Bisnis dan Manajemen): The Journal of Business and Management Al-Kharaj: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah Ilomata International Journal of Management Lentera:Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies JURNAL MANAJEMEN AKUNTANSI (JUMSI) Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis, Manajemen dan Akuntansi (JEBMA) JIKEM: Jurnal Ilmu Komputer, Ekonomi dan Manajemen Oikonomika: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CULTURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE Golden Ratio of Marketing and Applied Psychology of Business Proceeding International Seminar of Islamic Studies Share: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam Islamiconomic: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam el-Buhuth: Borneo Journal of Islamic Studies Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Media Ekonomi Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains Moneter : Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan Regress: Journal of Economics & Management Electronic Journal of Education, Social Economics and Technology Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Jurnal Manajemen Dan Akuntansi Medan Amkop Management Accounting Review (AMAR) e-Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Journal of Business Management and Economic Development Neraca: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Akuntansi JSE: Jurnal Sharia Economica IIJSE Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Islam (JAKIs) El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia Journal of Accounting Law Communication and Technology Islamic Banking & Economic Law Studies Al-Intaj : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah Jurnal Ad'ministrare: Jurnal Pemikirian Ilmiah dan Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran Outline Journal of Economic Studies As-Syirkah: Islamic Economic & Financial Journal Journal of Business Inflation Management and Accounting Studia Islamika International Journal of Economics, Science, and Education (IJESE)
Andri Soemitra
The Writer is lecturer in IAIN Sumatera Utara, Ph.D in Islamic Economics, Current position as Vice Dean I The Faculty of Shariah, IAIN Sumatera Utara
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

Published : 93 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 93 Documents
Search

 3   4   5   6   7 
Public perception of the performance of the Medan City government: The role of public services, community participation, accountability, and transparency from a Sharia perspective Sari, Novi Purnama; Ramadhani, Sri; Soemitra, Andri
SERAMBI: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen dan Bisnis Islam Vol 7 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : LPMP Imperium

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36407/serambi.v7i3.1685

Abstract

This study examines the influence of public services, community participation, transparency, and accountability on public perceptions of the performance of the Medan City Government from a Sharia perspective. Using purposive sampling, several respondents were selected to participate in a survey. The results of the analysis show that public services and transparency have a positive and significant influence on public perceptions. Meanwhile, community participation and accountability do not show a significant impact. This research model explains most of the variation in public perception. The Sharia approach reinforces ethical and fairness aspects in government administration. This study recommends improving the quality of public services and transparency as key factors in enhancing public perception and building the City of Medan's government legitimacy sustainably. Public interest statements This research is important to improve governance in Medan City through enhanced public services and transparency, by Sharia principles, in order to increase public trust and welfare fairly and sustainably.
Marketing Strategy Analysis in Optimizing Tourism Potential Nurhayati, Sucinta Tri; Nasution, Muhammad Syukri Albani; Soemitra, Andri
Almana : Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Vol 9 No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Bandung: Prodi Manajemen FE Universitas Langlangbuana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36555/almana.v9i2.2887

Abstract

Batu Katak has significant potential to be developed as a leading tourist destination. However, despite its uniqueness and natural attractions, tourist visits to Batu Katak remain relatively low compared to other tourist destinations in Bahorok District, such as Bukit Lawang. This highlights the challenges in maximizing Batu Katak’s tourism potential. This study aims to develop a strategic marketing plan to optimize the tourism potential of Batu Katak Bahorok using SWOT analysis supported by IFAS and EFAS matrices. This study uses a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies Employing a mixed-method approach, data were collected from stakeholders through interviews and questionnaires. The findings place Batu Katak in Quadrant I (growth oriented strategy), indicating strong internal strengths and favorable external opportunities. Key strengths include natural biodiversity and pristine environments, while weaknesses involve poor infrastructure and limited promotion. Opportunities lie in tourism promotion through digital marketing, while threats include environmental risks and competition. The integration of Maqashid Syariah principles in Batu Katak’s tourism development emphasizes a balance between economic, social, and environmental preservation aspects, ensuring that tourism remains sustainable and does not harm living beings or nature.
Strengthening Competitiveness through Sharia-Based Digitalization: A Case Study of Kampung Tahu Binjai City Indonesia Hendra, Hendra; Riska, Zunaida; Soemitra, Andri; Nasution, Faisal
Islamiconomic : Jurnal Ekonomi Islam Vol 16, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32678/ijei.v16i2.988

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of digitalization in enhancing the competitiveness of sharia-based creative industries, identify the challenges faced, and formulate strategies to optimize digital transformation in the tofu production center of Kampung Tahu, Binjai City. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, data were collected through in-depth interviews with twelve informants, field observations, and document analysis related to digitalization and sharia economic policies. Thematic analysis with an inductive approach was employed to process the data, supported by triangulation for validity. The findings reveal that digitalization contributes significantly to expanding market access, improving operational efficiency, and reinforcing sharia principles through transparent and halal-compliant financial systems. However, challenges remain, including low digital literacy, limited infrastructure, weak understanding of digital sharia practices, and insufficient institutional support. To address these, several strategies are proposed, such as sharia-based digital literacy programs, equitable infrastructure development, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and the establishment of halal digital ecosystems. This research provides a unique contribution by presenting a contextual model of sharia-oriented digitalization strategies for traditional food-based MSMEs, an area rarely explored in existing literature, thereby offering both theoretical enrichment and practical guidance for inclusive and sustainable sharia economic transformation.
The Effect of Implementing Muamalah Principles and Sharia Accounting Literacy on the Financial Performance of MSMEs with Sharia Compliance as an Intervening Variable (A Study of MSMEs in Medan Petisah) Mahyudin, Mahyudin; Muda, Iskandar; Soemitra, Andri; Yusrizal, Yusrizal
Journal of Accounting Law Communication and Technology Vol 2, No 2 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : CV. Rayyan Dwi Bharata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57235/jalakotek.v2i2.6676

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing muamalah principles and Sharia accounting literacy on the financial performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), with Sharia compliance as an intervening variable. The research was conducted among MSME actors in the Medan Petisah subdistrict, involving 322 respondents selected using the Slovin formula. Data analysis employed Structural Equation Modeling with a Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach. The results show that the implementation of muamalah principles has a significant positive effect on financial performance but a negative effect on Sharia compliance. In contrast, Sharia accounting literacy has a direct negative effect on financial performance but contributes positively to Sharia compliance. Sharia compliance itself has a very strong influence on improving the financial performance of MSMEs. Path analysis reveals that Sharia compliance significantly mediates the relationship between both independent variables and financial performance. The mediation is competitive in the case of muamalah principles and complementary in the case of Sharia accounting literacy. These findings imply the importance of integrating Islamic values with structured Sharia compliance systems and institutional support to develop a sustainable Sharia-based MSME business model.
The Influence of Knowledge, Awareness and Income on the Interest in Paying Zakat Shares of Investors in North Sumatra Hamdani, Hamdani; Soemitra, Andri; Harahap, Muhammad Ikhsan
Amkop Management Accounting Review (AMAR) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): January - June
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Amkop Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37531/amar.v5i2.2769

Abstract

This study aims to identify how knowledge, awareness, and income affect the willingness of investors in North Sumatra to pay zakat on their shareholding. Descriptive quantitative technique was used in this study. A total of 4,333 Islamic equity investors in North Sumatra participated in this study, regardless of whether they have or have not paid zakat on their shares. A total of 98 participants of different ages, all of whom invested in Islamic stocks, were selected as the sample. Information was collected by administering a survey to the participants. SPSS version 25.0 was used to conduct multiple linear regression analysis on the data. The results indicated that the variables of Knowledge, Awareness, and Income Level have a significant positive impact and these three variables simultaneously contribute substantially to an individual's interest in paying zakat on stock ownership, as indicated by the significance value of 0.000 which is very low from the threshold of α = 0.05. The finding emphasizes that the tendency of an individual to pay zakat on shares is influenced by the combination of these three factors, with the contribution of influence reaching 76.7%)
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF RISK AWARENESS AND FINANCIAL LITERACY ON FIRE INSURANCE OF MSME OWNERS IN KUALUH LEIDONG DISTRICT, LABURA REGENCY Sagala, Putri Wulandini; Nasution, Yenni Samri Juliati; Soemitra, Andri
Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Vol 13, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi dan Ilmu Sosial Khatulistiwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31846/jae.v13i3.996

Abstract

Based on the results of the study on the influence of Risk Awareness and Financial Literacy on the decision to take fire insurance on MSME owners in Kualuh Leidong District, it can be concluded that both independent variables have a significant effect on the dependent variable. The Risk Awareness variable (X₁) shows a positive and significant effect on the decision to take fire insurance, with a t-value of 9.121 and a significance of 0.000
Bancassurance Strategy in Increasing Sales of Sharia Life Insurance Products: A Case Study of Collaboration Between Prudential Syariah and BSI in Medan City Nur, Dara Lutfiah; Soemitra, Andri; Nasution, Yenni Samri Juliati
Electronic Journal of Education, Social Economics and Technology Vol 6, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : SAINTIS Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33122/ejeset.v6i2.1095

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the bancassurance strategy in increasing sales of sharia life insurance products through a case study of collaboration between PT Prudential Life Assurance Unit Syariah and Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) in Medan City. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with Financial Service Consultants (FSC), BSI marketing staff, and direct observation of marketing activities in the field. The results of the study indicate that the implemented sharia bancassurance strategy includes placing FSCs in BSI branch offices, an educational approach to customers, product integration (bundling), and utilizing BSI's customer database for targeting. This approach has been proven to be able to increase customer understanding of the benefits of sharia life insurance and has contributed significantly to increasing the number of policies and premium contributions received each month. However, the implementation of this strategy is not without challenges. Among them are the referral-based work system that makes FSC dependent on bank staff in reaching potential customers, as well as the low literacy of the community regarding sharia concepts and values in insurance. To overcome this, it is necessary to increase internal synergy, regular training for marketers, and a sustainable and comprehensive sharia financial literacy.
Analysis of the Influence of Price, Service Quality and Customer Experience on Customer Loyalty Hanum, Fadillah; Jannah, Nurul; Soemitra, Andri
Jurnal Ad'ministrare: Jurnal Pemikirian Ilmiah dan Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran Volume 11, Issue 2, 2024
Publisher : Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran, Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71309/administrare.v11i2.6293

Abstract

Customer loyalty in workshops refers to the commitment and dedication of customers to the services provided by a particular workshop. This is reflected in their tendency to repeatedly use the services, recommend them to others, and reject offers from competing workshops, even when accompanied by attractive promotions or incentives. This study aims to analyze the influence of price, service quality, and customer experience on customer loyalty. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, data were collected through questionnaires distributed to workshop customers, with purposive sampling yielding 40 respondents. Validity and reliability tests ensured the accuracy and consistency of the research instrument, while multiple linear regression analysis revealed that price does not significantly affect customer loyalty. However, service quality and customer experience were found to have a significant positive impact. Simultaneously, the combination of price, service quality, and customer experience influences customer loyalty. The findings underscore the critical role of service quality and customer experience in fostering customer loyalty, particularly in the context of Panjol Workshop.
THE INFLUENCE OF DER, ROE ON DPR OF COMPANIES LISTED IN THE MES BUMN 17 INDEX Widjiantoro, Surya Tegar; Segati, Ahda; Muda, Iskandar; Soemitra, Andri; Yusrizal
JSE: Jurnal Sharia Economica Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : LPPM STAI Muhammadiyah Probolinggo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46773/jse.v4i4.2641

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of Debt- to-Equity Ratio (DER) and Return on Equity (ROE) on Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) in companies listed in the MES BUMN 17 Index and also included in LQ45. The research employs a quantitative explanatory approach using panel data, with analysis conducted through EViews. The t-test results indicate that DER has a significant negative effect on DPR, while ROE is not significant. The F-test shows that DER and ROE simultaneously have a significant effect on DPR. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.260 reveals that most variations in DPR are influenced by other factors outside the model.
Islamic Social Finance and MSME Performance: A Moderated-Mediation Analysis across Aceh and North Sumatera Firdaus, Rayyan; Soemitra, Andri; Marliyah, Marliyah
Share: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): IN PROGRESS
Publisher : Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/share.31610

Abstract

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are vital to Indonesia’s economy but continue to face barriers in financing, mentorship, and managerial capacity. Islamic Social Finance (ISF), implemented through Micro Waqf Banks (BWM), offers an inclusive solution by integrating joint liability schemes, mentoring, and capital assistance. While prior research affirms the role of ISF in enhancing access to finance and entrepreneurial growth, comparative evidence across regions with differing socio-cultural contexts remains limited. This study examines the differential effects of mentoring, joint liability, and capital provision on micro-entrepreneurial success in Aceh and North Sumatera. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) on responses from 350 micro-entrepreneurs, the results reveal that joint liability consistently supports enterprise performance, mentoring is more effective in Aceh, and capital provision is most beneficial in less developed areas. The findings indicate that local culture and institutional strength moderate ISF outcomes. Therefore, ISF programs should integrate standardized financial instruments with context-sensitive non-financial interventions to maximize their empowerment potential. This study contributes to the ISF literature and offers practical insights for designing regionally adaptive MSME empowerment policies. Abstrak Keuangan Sosial Islam dan Kinerja UMKM: Analisis Moderasi–Mediasi di Aceh dan Sumatera Utara. Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) berperan penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia, namun masih menghadapi kendala akses pembiayaan, pendampingan, dan peningkatan kapasitas manajerial. Keuangan Sosial Islam (Islamic Social Finance/ISF) melalui Bank Wakaf Mikro (BWM) menjadi alternatif inklusif dengan menggabungkan skema tanggung renteng, pendampingan, dan bantuan modal. Meskipun ISF terbukti meningkatkan akses permodalan dan kinerja usaha, bukti komparatif lintas wilayah dengan karakter sosial berbeda masih terbatas. Studi ini meneliti pengaruh pendampingan, tanggung renteng, dan bantuan modal terhadap keberhasilan usaha mikro di Aceh dan Sumatera Utara menggunakan metode Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) dan Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) terhadap 350 responden. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tanggung renteng berpengaruh positif di kedua provinsi, pendampingan lebih efektif di Aceh, dan bantuan modal lebih bermanfaat di daerah dengan keterbatasan ekonomi. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa budaya lokal dan kekuatan kelembagaan memoderasi hasil ISF. Oleh karena itu, program ISF perlu mengombinasikan instrumen keuangan baku dengan dukungan non-keuangan yang peka terhadap konteks lokal untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pemberdayaan. Studi ini memperkaya literatur ISF dan memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan bagi strategi pemberdayaan UMKM yang adaptif wilayah.
Co-Authors Abd Majid, M Shabri Adnan Ahmed Usmani, Sheikh Ahmad Amin Dalimunthe Al-Mahdi Albahi, Muhammad Amini, Salisa Anfa, Sugianto Annisa, Sufiati Arafah, Yenni Arbanur Rasyid Arfan Harahap, Muhammad Arif, Edwin Arifin Fauzi Lubis Asmuni Asmuni Ayu Andini Azhari Akmal Tarigan Azhari Azhari Baehaqi Batubara, Maryam Batubara, Zulfa Khairina Bi Rahmani, Nur Ahmadi Budi Harianto, Budi Cahyadi, Rahmad Chaniago, Alia Chuzaimah Batubara, Chuzaimah Citra Pratiwi Daulay, Suci Desi Ika Dewi, Nurul Aulia Dharma, Budi Dhian Rosalina, Dhian Elida Elfi Barus, Elida Elfi Firdaus, Rayyan Fitrah, Al Tasya Fitri Fitri Kurniawati Gultom, Mitra Sami Hakim Siregar, Lukmanul Hamdani Hamdani Hanif, Hilman Hanum, Fadillah Harahap, Minta Ade Doliana Harahap, Muhammad Ikhsan Harahap, Rahmat Daim Harahap, Raja Sakti Putra Harroni, Jum Harsono, Muhammad Hasibuan, Faisal Umardani Hasibuan, Fauzan Fahmi Hasibuan, Maisyah Khairani Hendra Hendra Hidayat, Ryan Hutagalung, Muhammad Wandisyah R Imahda Khoiri Furqon Imsar Imsar, Imsar Indah Pratiwi Indradewa, Rhian Iskandar Muda Ismail Ismal, Rifky Isnaini Harahap Iwandi, Iwandi IZZAH, NURUL Jamila, Khaidar Rahmaini Juliana Nasution Julita Julita Kamal, Jaidil Kamaruddin Kamaruddin Kausar, Al Khaidir, Widya Khairani br Tambunan, Adila Kusuma, Annisa Ayu Latip, Abd Lestari, Putri Indah Lubis, Fitri Yani Lubis, Muhammad Ershad M. Shabri Abd. Majid Mahyudin Mahyudin Manik, Alfia Rahman Marliyah Marliyah, Marliyah Meutia Dewi, Meutia Muhammad Arif Muhammad Ramadhan Muhammad Ridwan MUHAMMAD RIZAL muhammad Syahbudi, muhammad Muhammad Syukri Albani Nasution Muhammad Umar Maya, Putra Muhammad Yafiz Mutthaqin, M. Satrya Muyasaroh, Nurul Nadia Nadia Nadia Nafil, Herwan Nainggolan, Laila Mardiyah Nasution, Eldzan Izzahara Nasution, Faisal Nasution, Hasbi Andika Nasution, Najlah Kholilah Nawir Yuslem Nawir Yuslem, Nawir Noor, Mohd Novi Purnama Sari Nur, Dara Lutfiah Nura, Ismail Nurhayati Nurhayati Nurhayati, Sucinta Tri Nurjianti, Widya Nurlaila Nurlaila Nurlaila Nurul Jannah Puspita Sari, Dira Putri, Dinda Clarita Wirani Rahma, Tri Inda Fadhila Rahma, Tri Indah Fadhila Rahmani, Nur Ahmadi Bi Ramadhani, Devi Ramadhani, Sri Ramdansyah Fitrah Reza Nurul Ichsan Rifani, Devi Riska, Zunaida Ritonga, Nurul Amelia Pratiwi Rizki, Oktavera Rizky Aditya Sagala, Putri Wulandini Sakti Putra Harahap, Raja Saragih, Hari Setiawan SEGATI, AHDA Shifa, Mutiara Simamora, Siti Anisa Simbolon, Linda Rosalina Siregar, Dhetia Putri Siregar, Tetty Handayani Siti Aisyah Soehardi, Dwi Vita Lestari Soemitra, Yusrizal Sugianto Sugianto Sugiyanto - Sukiman Sukiman Sukma, Novita Riyati Susanti, Widya Susanty, Widya Syahputra, Angga Syawal Harianto, Syawal Tanjung, Intan Sari Tuti Anggraini Wahyu Syarvina Wahyudi, Rizky Widjiantoro, Surya Tegar YENNI SAMRI JULIATI NASUTION, YENNI SAMRI JULIATI Yuda Bakti, I Gede Mahatma Yusrizal Yusrizal Yusrizal Zainal Arifin Zuhrinal M. Nawawi Zulkarnaen Zulkarnaen