Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
9.87
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal KALAMATIKA Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BUILDING AND TRANSPORTATION Pendas : Jurnah Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Jurnal Sinaps KAIBON ABHINAYA : JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT Attractive : Innovative Education Journal Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Asia AS-SYIFA : Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Kesehatan Masyarakat JPM: JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT AN-Nur: Jurnal Kajian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Masyarakat Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan Cantilever: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Bidang Teknik Sipil ESENSIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin Proceeding Muhammadiyah International Public Health and Medicine Conference Indonesian Journal of Society Development (IJSD) Jurnal Praktik Baik Pembelajaran Sekolah dan Pesantren Buletin Edukasi Indonesia Jurnal Karajata Engineering Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan (The Indonesian Journal of Health Service Management) JAKADARA: JURNAL EKONOMIKA, BISNIS, DAN HUMANIORA Research Horizon BULLET : Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu Journal of Professional Teacher Education Health & Medical Sciences Medic Nutricia : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Medical Laboratory Journal Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA) RESLAJ: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (JKMI) Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek Obat: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan Hexagon: Jurnal Ilmu dan Pendidikan Matematika International Conferences On Early Childhood Education Proceedings Karakter: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Islam Jurnal Aksi Dosen dan Mahasiswa Jurnal Lantera Ilmiah Kesehatan Galen: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan Indonesian Journal of Islamic Studies
Andriyani
Unknown Affiliation
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Veterinary Other

Published : 82 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 82 Documents
Search

 5   6   7   8   9 
Improvement Teachers' Digital Literacy Ability Through Workshops on Application E-Learning Platforms in Distance Learning Andriyani; Chairil Hikayat; Ahmad Asrori; Lalu Indar Anggara Putra; Muhammad Syakir Yahya Hairun; Yusuf Muri Salampessy
Indonesian Journal of Society Development Vol. 2 No. 6 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijsd.v2i6.7808

Abstract

This community empowerment program activity (Prodamat) aims to improve the digital literacy ability of teachers at MTs Al-Mu'min Muhammadiyah Tembarak through workshops on the use of e-learning platforms in Distance Learning (PJJ). The methods for implementing service activities consist of tests measuring teachers' digital literacy abilities, workshops introducing e-learning platforms, assistance in designing distance learning using e-learning platforms and evaluating the effectiveness of workshop activities on teachers' digital literacy abilities. The evaluation results show an increase in teachers' digital literacy ability after the workshop on the application of e-learning in distance learning. The improvement in teachers' digital literacy ability can be seen from the improvement in the intensity of the application and use of digital literacy in learning activities, the variety of digital-based reading materials and teaching aids, also the number of activities that use digital media
Determinan Penggunaan Rokok Elektrik (Vape) dan Dampaknya Pada Generasi Z Fasyha Benitha Ramadanty; Risky Akaputra; Andriyani
OBAT: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): May: OBAT: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan
Publisher : Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61132/obat.v3i3.1337

Abstract

The increasing popularity of e-cigarettes has led to health problems, particularly EVALI. This study aims to analyze several factors that encourage the use of e-cigarettes (vape) and their impact. The analysis method used is a literature review and uses journals published in the last 5 years with Google Scholar, and PubMed as a database. The implementation time of the work began from March-April. Determinants of vape use, namely internal factors such as experience, attitude, and personality. External factors include modern lifestyle, friendship, family, and social class. Other disease impacts include cough, chest pain, dyspnea, nausea, gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue, and fever. It is therefore desirable to increase individual awareness about the dangers of vaping.
Metode Keteladanan sebagai Pondasi Pendidikan Islam Ritonga, Matnur; Andriyani; Nurmalia Lusida
Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan Vol. 4 No. 01 (2024): Artikel Riset Edisi April 2024
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v4i01.4175

Abstract

Pendidikan Islam adalah sistem pendidikan yang mencakup seluruh aspek kehidupan yang dibutuhkan oleh hamba Allah ?. Keteladanan (uswah hasanah) dijadikan sebagai metode yang sangat mendasar dalam pendidikan Islam secara psikologi didasarkan akan fitrah manusia yang memiliki sifat gharizah (kecenderungan mengimitasi atau meniru orang lain). Al-Qur’an sebagai sumber utama pendidikan Islam memberikan pemahaman bahwa salah satu tujuan Al-Qur’an adalah mendidik manusia melalui nalar yang sarat dengan kegiatan membaca, meneliti, mempelajari dan mengobservasi. Oleh karena itu, pelaksanaan pendidikan Islam harus senantiasa mengacu pada pemahaman konsep dasar bahwa manusia mesti meyakini dirinya sebagai ciptaan Tuhan yang mulia (sesuai fitrahnya), dan melalui proses keyakinan dan ikhtiar maka manusia akan mendapatkan pola pendidikan yang jelas. Tujuan Penelitian ialah mengetahui metode keteladanan yang tepat untuk peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan riset perpustakaan dengan pendekatan metode maudhu'i (tematik) untuk menghimpun ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an yang berhubungan dengan masalah keteladanan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan: 1. Ada tiga ayat-ayat di dalam Al-Qur’an sesuai term uswah hasanah yang berhubungan dengan masalah keteladanan sebagai pondasi pendidikan Islam yang sangat mendasar. Metode ini berdasarkan fitrah manusia yang memiliki sifat gharizah dan harus diinternalisasikan dalam kehidupan keseharian. 2. Dalam Proses berlangsungnya pendidikan metode keteladanan dapat dipraktikkan dalam dua bentuk. Secara langsung direct system, ??????? ???????? ialah bahwa pendidik benar-benar mengaktualisasikan dirinya sebagai contoh teladan yang baik bagi anak didik. Secara tidak langsung; circular system, ??????? ??? ????????
EFEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN DANA BOS DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA SEKOLAH Maulida, Rizki; Andriyani; Umar; G Mulawarman, Widyatmike
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 02 (2025): Volume 10 No. 02 Juni 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i02.26403

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas pengelolaan Dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) dalam meningkatkan kinerja sekolah di tingkat pendidikan dasar. Dana BOS merupakan salah satu instrumen penting dalam mendukung operasional sekolah dan peningkatan mutu pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei terhadap kepala sekolah dan bendahara di beberapa sekolah dasar negeri. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif dan inferensial untuk menilai hubungan antara efektivitas pengelolaan dana dan indikator kinerja sekolah, seperti kualitas pembelajaran, ketersediaan sarana-prasarana, dan kesejahteraan tenaga pendidik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan dana BOS yang transparan, akuntabel, dan tepat sasaran berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap peningkatan kinerja sekolah. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya peningkatan kapasitas manajerial sekolah dalam pengelolaan keuangan guna mewujudkan tujuan pendidikan nasional.
KETERLIBATAN GURU SEBAGAI FAKTOR DALAM PENINGKATAN MANAJEMEN MUTU SEKOLAH DI KOTA SAMARINDA: KETERLIBATAN GURU SEBAGAI FAKTOR DALAM PENINGKATAN MANAJEMEN MUTU SEKOLAH DI KOTA SAMARINDA Grace; Andriyani; Kusuma; Azainil; Laili
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 02 (2025): Volume 10 No. 02 Juni 2025 In Build
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i02.26554

Abstract

ABSTRACT This research aims to analyze the involvement of teachers as a key factor in improving school quality management in Samarinda City. With descriptive qualitative and quantitative approaches, this study explores teacher’s perceptions and measures their level of involvement. The results show a high level of teacher involvement, positively correlated with school quality. This involvement aligns with the principles of Total Quality Management, emphasizing customer satisfaction, respect, fact-based management, and continuous improvement. High teacher involvement is essential for sustainable school quality and stakeholder satisfaction. Keywords: Teacher Engagement, School Quality Management, Educational Quality. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini ingin menganalisa keterlibatan guru sebagai faktor utama dalam peningkatan manajemen mutu sekolah di Kota Samarinda. Dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif, penelitian ini menggali persepsi guru dan mengukur tingkat keterlibatan mereka. Hasil menunjukkan tingkat keterlibatan guru yang tinggi, berkorelasi positif dengan mutu sekolah. Keterlibatan ini sejalan dengan prinsip Total Quality Management, menekankan kepuasan pelanggan, rasa hormat, manajemen berbasis fakta, dan perbaikan berkelanjutan. Keterlibatan guru yang tinggi sangat penting untuk mutu sekolah berkelanjutan dan kepuasan pemangku kepentingan. Kata Kunci : Keterlibatan Guru, Manajemen Mutu Sekolah, Kualitas Pendidikan.
Community Video Profiling using Generative AI: A Scenario-Based Practical Experience to Catholic Community in Serpong Utara Murwantara, I Made; Tjahyadi, Hendra; Yugopsupito, Pujianto; Andriyani
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Asia Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32815/jpm.v6i2.2769

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this community service is to have a scenario-based practical use of Artificial Intelligence to enhance video profiling which ultimately to increase people engagement to their religious life. Method: The activity making use of a practical approach to design and develop a profiling video via short training and demonstration to encourage religious activity in providing tutorial own video using available AI tools. It uses children scenario to develop the narration. Practical Applications: Participants using the Generative AI tools to help them in enhancing the existing scenario into video narration. The time efficient video preparation with benefit and less experience is achieved by configuring the setting of the tool and engaging to the scenario. Conclusion: Generative AI has potential to enhance video generation for religious stewardship by providing reliable, less time and more creative in providing a way to achieve goals. In adopting AI tools to support video creation generation with scenario-based has convey into its portion to religious community.
Examining preservice mathematics teachers’ basic teaching skills in technology-integrated microteaching Effendi, Moh. Mahfud; Ummah, Siti Khoiruli; Andriyani
KALAMATIKA Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Vol 10 No 2 (2025): KALAMATIKA November 2025
Publisher : FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/KALAMATIKA.vol10no2.2025pp54-78

Abstract

The background of this research is based on previous studies that emphasize the importance of mastering basic teaching skills for prospective teachers to support effective learning. The purpose of this study was to explore undergraduate students’ basic teaching skills in managing mathematics classes through microteaching activities. This study employed a case study method involving 29 undergraduate preservice teachers from the second cohort of the Mathematics Education Study Program. Data were analyzed through triangulation of primary literature on teaching skills, classroom observations, and microteaching document studies. The reconstruction of the Outcome Based Education (OBE) curriculum produced a course titled Innovative Learning Design, which includes outputs in the form of learning tools, microteaching sessions, and microteaching videos. The findings revealed that all basic teaching skills were performed satisfactorily. The most prominent skills were opening and closing lessons and using technology-integrated media. In contrast, the least evident skills were explaining and providing reinforcement, as some preservice teachers had not yet mastered prerequisite or fundamental mathematics concept. Based on these findings, it is recommended that future research analyze the influence of basic teaching skills on student learning outcomes and active student engagement in class.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AL-MA’UN THEOLOGY-BASED FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION AT DARUL ARQAM GARUT Supala; Andriyani; Saiful Bahri
Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA) Vol. 3 No. 12 (2025): JURNAL MEDIA AKADEMIK Edisi Desember
Publisher : PT. Media Akademik Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62281/0ahsj490

Abstract

Abstrak. Meskipun tata kelola keuangan di lembaga pendidikan Islam telah mendapatkan perhatian ilmiah yang meningkat, studi yang membahas bagaimana prinsip-prinsip teologis khususnya teologi Al-Ma'un diterjemahkan ke dalam manajemen keuangan praktis tetap langka. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi implementasi pengelolaan keuangan berbasis Al-Ma'un di Pondok Pesantren Darul Arqam Muhammadiyah di Garut, mengkaji bagaimana nilai-nilai teologis menginformasikan perencanaan, penganggaran, implementasi, dan akuntabilitas. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa teologi Al-Ma'un membentuk tata kelola keuangan dengan memperkuat keadilan, transparansi, tanggung jawab sosial, dan prioritas siswa yang terpinggirkan. Studi ini memajukan teori manajemen Islam dengan menunjukkan bagaimana nilai-nilai teologis beroperasi sebagai mekanisme tata kelola fungsional daripada norma abstrak. Ini menyimpulkan bahwa praktik keuangan yang digerakkan oleh teologi memperkuat akuntabilitas etis dan orientasi sosial di lembaga pendidikan Islam, menawarkan wawasan praktis bagi para pemimpin dan pembuat kebijakan untuk mengintegrasikan kerangka kerja berbasis nilai ke dalam sistem keuangan kelembagaan.
Thaharah dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an: Fondasi Kebersihan Jasmani dan Rohani Muslim serta Membangun Budaya Bersih Cintana Balkis Habibah; Aditya, Tiara Dewinta; Assyifa Azzahra; Triana Srisantyorini; Ayunda Larasati Sekarputri; Andriyani
Karakter : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Islam Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Februari: Karakter : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Islam
Publisher : Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61132/karakter.v3i1.1831

Abstract

Thaharah represents a core principle within Islamic teachings, encompasses both bodily cleanliness and spiritual sanctity, and functions as an essential requirement for the proper observance of acts of worship, including prayer, tawaf, and the recitation of the Qur’an. This concept extends beyond ritual practice, reflecting a manifestation of faith that encourages Muslims to maintain personal hygiene, environmental cleanliness, and spiritual closeness to Allah SWT. This study aims to explore and critically examine the concept of thaharah in a comprehensive manner, clarify its role within Islamic religious practices, and assess its relevance in fostering clean lifestyle behaviors and appropriate worship practices in accordance with Islamic legal principles in contemporary society. Conceptually, thaharah is divided into two main forms: purification from ritual impurity (hadas) through ablution (wudu), ritual bathing (ghusl), or dry purification (tayammum), and purification from physical impurities (najis) by cleansing the body, clothing, and surrounding environment. The normative foundation of thaharah is reinforced by textual evidence, including Surah Al-Ma’idah verse 6 and prophetic traditions that emphasize cleanliness as an integral part of faith. Thus, thaharah offers a holistic perspective on cleanliness that integrates both worldly and spiritual dimensions of Muslim life.  
The Effect of Antenatal Education Based on a Mobile Application in Regional Languages ​​on Pregnant Women's Self-Efficacy in Preventing Preeclampsia in Coastal Areas of Southeast Sulawesi Andriyani
JURNAL LENTERA ILMIAH KESEHATAN Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : CV. Q2 Lantera Ilmiah Institut

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52120/jlik.v3i2.132

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a major pregnancy complication contributing to high maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in coastal areas with limited access to health services. Low maternal self-efficacy plays a critical role in delayed prevention and early detection of preeclampsia. This study aimed to analyze the effect of antenatal education delivered through a local-language mobile application on pregnant women’s self-efficacy in preventing preeclampsia in coastal areas of Southeast Sulawesi. A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design with a control group was applied. A total of 150 second-trimester pregnant women at moderate risk of preeclampsia were assigned to an intervention group (n=75) and a control group (n=75). The intervention group received 8 weeks of antenatal education via a local-language mobile application featuring interactive learning modules, audio narration, and reminder notifications, while the control group received conventional education from village midwives. Self-efficacy was measured using the 12-item Bandura scale. Data were analyzed using t-tests, Mann–Whitney tests, and effect size calculations. The intervention group showed a significant increase in self-efficacy from 42.3±6.1 to 58.7±5.4 (Δ=+16.4; p<0.001), which was substantially higher than the control group (Δ=+5.4; p=0.012). The between-group difference was highly significant (p<0.001) with a large effect size (η²=0.42). Increased self-efficacy was accompanied by improved preventive behaviors and a reduced incidence of third-trimester preeclampsia. Local-language mobile application–based antenatal education is effective in improving pregnant women’s self-efficacy for preeclampsia prevention in coastal settings. This culturally adaptive digital intervention represents a promising promotive–preventive strategy for regions with limited health service access.
Co-Authors Aditya, Tiara Dewinta Ahmad Asrori Ai-Ainun Astuti, Devi Yulia Aidar Ayu Ningsih Akaputra, Rizky Alghiffari, Eka Kevin Ali, Rahma Saida Alifia Putri Salsabila Altaf Syauqy Iqbal Saifani Amal, Ihsanul Andhika Galih Pradana Andi Bustan Didi Andry Priharta Assyifa Azzahra Aulia Chintya Sari Ayunda Larasati Sekarputri Azainil Azainil Azizah Zen Azka Rafi Pasha Azzahra, Karimah Chaerunnisa, Syaharani Laila Chairil Hikayat Cintana Balkis Habibah Dadang Herdiansyah Danang Onggo Wasito Dede Rosyada Deliana, Annisa Dian Anggraeni Dina Rahma Fadlilah Djati, Astrid Laksmita Doni Susanto Dwi Kartika Dyah Eka Putri, Cindy Eka Kevin Alghiffari Eka Putri Suryantari Endang Wahyu Widayati Ernyasih Fadila, Esti Nur Fadly, Imam Fasyha Benitha Ramadanty Fatimah Fatimah Dwi Cahya Febriansyah, Muhammad Raihan Fernando, Henky Fitriani Nurul Syuhada G Mulawarman, Widyatmike Ghafira Nisa Ramadhanti Ghaisyani, Raudha Az Zahra Grace Guntur Alting Habibi, Irbi Eki Hadi Siswanto, Deny Hakzah Hana Maulida Aliyah Hardiman SG Hazima Nurhaziza Salsabia Helmiyah, Wasilatul Hendra Tjahyadi Hening Puwati Parlan Herwina Bahar Hery Widijanto I Made Murwantara Intan Ratnawati Jaksa, Suherman Januar Ariyanto Jessica Novia Kokom Komariah Kusuma Laili Lalu Indar Anggara Putra Larasati, Yuniar Galuh Listya Nur 'Aini Ludgardis Wonga Wara Luh Diah Citra Resmi Cahyadi Lusida, Nurmalia Masyitoh Megawaty, Febbyasi Moh. Faisol Moh. Mahfud Effendi Morin, Leanne Muh. Nashir. T Muhammad Daffa Rindra Putra Muhammad Fiqih Ubaidi Muhammad Labib Muhammad Syakir Yahya Hairun Munaya Fauziah Munthe, Sri Wahyu Ningsih Muqsith, Shelly Fadhilah Nabilla, Rifa Salsa Nandi, Heigy Natasya Aulya Shafira Nofitra Khoirun Nissa Novianti, Elva Nur Asyah Jamilah Nur Ayatillah Nur Ika Pujiastuti Nur Jannah Nurala Rahma Nurkaidah Nurlama Lusida Nurmalia Lusida Nurnida Ashofa Oktavia, Rima Pramana, Arya Dwi Prasetyo Sasmito, Eko Pratiwi Puspa Nujulla Putri, Azizah Aulia Putri, Farizka Syahrani Putri, Meylisa Eka Qodariah Barkah Rahayu Alam, Sri Rahmah, Nisa Aulia Rambe, Muhammad Yusuf Reyvinnta Azka Agnaty Reza Nuur Wahyuningtias Ridha Elhanina Ramadhani Rina Oktavia Risky Akaputra Risma Maudi Nabillah Ritonga, Matnur Riza Elhanina Ramadhani Rizki Maulida, Rizki Rosa Amaliya Putri, Dwi Rosdiana, Siti Safitri, Nasywa Saiful Bahri Saiyara Rahmadani Samsinar Samsinar Saptorini, Endang Shafira Sulistiani Siri Nanda, Putri Siswanto, Deny Hadi Siti Hadiyanti Dini Islamiati Siti Khadijah Siti Khoiruli Ummah Siti Nuraeni Sitti Zaifan Srisantyorini, Triana Suci Pangestuti Suhana binti Sarkaw Suharnomo Suherman Suherman Jaksa Sukiman Supala Syifa Rahmah Fadila T, M. Natshir Triana Srisantyorini Trisni Herayati Tutik Shahidayanti Umar Umilia Wahdi Sayuti Yasmin Nurul Janati Yugopsupito, Pujianto Yunaini Yusuf Muri Salampessy Yusuf Setyawan Ziska Tsaniawika Farrasi