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Learning Smart Farming through IoT Prototypes, Educational Impacts of Smart Goat Housing Systems in Vocational Education Junaedi, Achmad Tavip; Renaldo, Nicholas; Susanti, Wilda; Yuliendi, Rangga Rahmadian; Kurniawan, Wahyu Joni; Marlim, Yulvia Nora; Veronica, Kristy; Panjaitan, Harry Patuan; Faruq, Umar; Jahrizal, Jahrizal
Reflection: Education and Pedagogical Insights Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Reflection: Education and Pedagogical Insights
Publisher : First Ciera Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61230/reflection.v3i1.141

Abstract

This study investigates the educational impacts of learning smart farming through Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart goat housing systems in vocational education. The rapid digital transformation of agriculture has created a growing demand for graduates with strong technological and applied competencies; however, the integration of real smart farming technologies into vocational curricula remains limited. To address this gap, this research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest non-equivalent control group to compare IoT prototype-based learning with conventional instructional approaches. The study involved vocational students enrolled in agriculture-related programs, where the experimental group engaged in project-based learning using an operational IoT-enabled smart goat housing system, while the control group received traditional instruction. The findings indicate that students exposed to IoT prototype-based learning demonstrated significantly higher improvements in digital competence, applied learning outcomes, and learning engagement compared to those in the control group. Qualitative insights further revealed that authentic interaction with real-time data and automated systems enhanced students’ understanding, motivation, and confidence in using digital technologies. These results highlight the pedagogical value of integrating real IoT prototypes into vocational education and confirm the effectiveness of experiential and technology-enhanced learning approaches in developing workforce-relevant competencies. This study contributes to vocational education literature by positioning livestock-based smart farming systems as effective learning media for digital agriculture education.
Developing Social Accounting Competencies through IoT-Based Goat Farming Learning Systems Suhardjo, Suhardjo; Renaldo, Nicholas; Junaedi, Achmad Tavip; Veronica, Kristy; Panjaitan, Harry Patuan; Setyawan, Onny; Susanti, Wilda; Widi, Rahma; Faruq, Umar; Jahrizal, Jahrizal
Reflection: Education and Pedagogical Insights Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Reflection: Education and Pedagogical Insights
Publisher : First Ciera Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61230/reflection.v3i1.142

Abstract

The digital transformation of agriculture has created new opportunities and challenges for accounting education, particularly in developing social accounting competencies related to sustainability and social responsibility. This study aims to examine the effect of an IoT-based goat farming learning system on the development of social accounting competencies in vocational and applied accounting education. Using a quantitative explanatory research design, this study integrates a technology-enhanced learning approach supported by real-time data generated from IoT-enabled goat farming systems. Data were collected from students participating in IoT-based learning activities and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that the IoT-based goat farming learning system has a positive and significant effect on social accounting competencies, including the ability to identify, measure, interpret, and report social and environmental impacts. The findings demonstrate that real-time livestock data provide an effective experiential learning environment that bridges the gap between abstract social accounting concepts and practical applications. This study contributes to accounting education literature by repositioning IoT-based livestock systems as pedagogical platforms rather than purely operational tools. The study also offers practical implications for educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers seeking to strengthen sustainability-oriented accounting education in digitally transformed agribusiness contexts.
Educational Strategies for Fortified Goat Milk Development Supported by Digital Financial Ecosystems Hutahuruk, Marice Br; Junaedi, Achmad Tavip; Renaldo, Nicholas; Prayetno, Muhammad Pringgo; Prihastomo, Arih Dwi; Andi, Andi; Putri, Novita Yulia; Fransisca, Luciana; Faruq, Umar; Musa, Sulaiman
Reflection: Education and Pedagogical Insights Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Reflection: Education and Pedagogical Insights
Publisher : First Ciera Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61230/reflection.v3i1.143

Abstract

The development of fortified goat milk offers a promising approach to addressing nutritional deficiencies while creating value-added opportunities in the dairy sector, particularly in rural and peri-urban communities. Despite its potential, many fortified goats milk initiatives remain small-scale due to limited entrepreneurial capacity, weak market integration, and low adoption of digital financial systems. This study aims to examine educational strategies that integrate fortified goat milk development with digital financial ecosystems to enhance enterprise sustainability and scalability. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines qualitative interviews and focus group discussions with quantitative survey analysis involving educators, students, dairy producers, and digital finance practitioners. The findings reveal that conventional education emphasizes technical production skills while neglecting financial literacy and digital finance competencies. Integrated educational strategies significantly improve digital banking adoption, financial management practices, and access to microfinancing, which in turn mediate improvements in business performance. The study contributes a novel interdisciplinary framework that links nutrition innovation education with digital finance literacy, offering practical insights for educators, policymakers, and development agencies seeking to strengthen fortified dairy value chains and promote inclusive, digitally enabled agro-entrepreneurship.
Green Digital Education Model with AI and IoT Integration in Sustainable Goat Farming Curriculum Prihastomo, Arih Dwi; Renaldo, Nicholas; Junaedi, Achmad Tavip; Hutahuruk, Marice Br; Prayetno, Muhammad Pringgo; Faruq, Umar; Koto, Jaswar; Jahrizal, Jahrizal; Nyoto, Nyoto; Fransisca, Luciana
Reflection: Education and Pedagogical Insights Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Reflection: Education and Pedagogical Insights
Publisher : First Ciera Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61230/reflection.v3i1.149

Abstract

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has transformed agricultural production systems; however, their integration into agricultural education remains limited. This study develops and evaluates a Green Digital Education Model that integrates AI, IoT, and Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) into a Sustainable Goat Farming Curriculum. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach, the study followed four phases: needs analysis and curriculum mapping, system development and technological integration, pilot implementation, and evaluation. IoT sensors were deployed to collect real-time environmental and livestock data, which were integrated into a cloud-based dashboard and an AI-driven Decision Support System (DSS). An MFCA module was incorporated to enable environmental cost analysis and greenhouse gas emission calculations based on standardized methodologies. Pilot implementation in selected university courses demonstrated significant improvements in students’ digital literacy, sustainability awareness, and analytical decision-making skills, as evidenced by pre-test and post-test comparisons. Qualitative findings indicated increased engagement, motivation, and interdisciplinary collaboration. The model transforms conventional livestock education into a technology-driven “living laboratory,” aligning agricultural curricula with Education 4.0 principles and sustainability reporting standards. The study contributes a scalable framework for integrating green technology and digital innovation into higher education, supporting environmentally responsible and data-driven agricultural practices.
Value Co-Creation and Digital Marketplace Strategy in Enhancing Commercialization Performance, An Educational Perspective from Fortified Goat Milk Entrepreneurship Prihastomo, Arih Dwi; Renaldo, Nicholas; Junaedi, Achmad Tavip; Panjaitan, Harry Patuan; Nyoto, Nyoto; Hutahuruk, Marice Br; Faruq, Umar; Prayetno, Muhammad Pringgo; Wati, Yenny; Fransisca, Luciana
Reflection: Education and Pedagogical Insights Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Reflection: Education and Pedagogical Insights
Publisher : First Ciera Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61230/reflection.v3i1.151

Abstract

The rapid transformation of the digital economy has reshaped entrepreneurial practices, particularly within agribusiness sectors that increasingly rely on digital platforms to enhance market reach and competitiveness. This study examines the role of value co-creation and digital marketplace strategy in enhancing commercialization performance from an educational perspective within the context of fortified goat milk entrepreneurship. Using a quantitative explanatory design, data were collected from 156 participants involved in entrepreneurship learning programs integrated with real-world digital commercialization activities. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that value co-creation significantly influences digital marketplace strategy and commercialization performance. Digital marketplace strategy also significantly affects commercialization performance and partially mediates the relationship between value co-creation and commercialization performance. The model demonstrates substantial explanatory power, suggesting that collaborative engagement supported by structured digital systems enhances measurable business outcomes. From an educational perspective, the findings reveal that commercialization performance can function as a practical learning outcome within experiential entrepreneurship education. The study contributes to the literature by integrating service-dominant logic, digital marketing strategy, and entrepreneurship education into a unified framework. It highlights that digital value co-creation is not only a strategic driver of market performance but also a transformative pedagogical approach in technology-enabled agribusiness development.
Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA)-Driven Smart Goat Livestock Management System Prayetno, Muhammad Pringgo; Renaldo, Nicholas; Faruq, Umar; Junaedi, Achmad Tavip; Hutahuruk, Marice Br; Suhardjo, Suhardjo; Prihastomo, Arih Dwi; Nyoto, Nyoto; Panjaitan, Harry Patuan; Fransisca, Luciana
Luxury: Landscape of Business Administration Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Luxury: Landscape of Business Administration
Publisher : First Ciera Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61230/luxury.v4i1.148

Abstract

The livestock sector plays a crucial role in food security and rural economic resilience; however, goat farming management in developing economies remains largely traditional and weakly integrated with structured environmental accounting systems. This study develops and validates a Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA)-Driven Smart Goat Livestock Management System, which integrates environmental management accounting, Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring, emission estimation, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision support within a unified digital platform. Using a design science research approach combined with field validation, the system was implemented in a medium-scale goat farm over a two-month period. The MFCA model quantified material inputs and outputs in both physical and monetary terms, including feed conversion, waste generation, and methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions based on IPCC Tier 1 guidelines. The results demonstrate improvements in feed efficiency (from 74% to 84%), mortality reduction (from 8% to 4%), increased data accuracy (from 60% to 92%), and a 22% improvement in eco-efficiency ratios. The AI module achieved 87% accuracy in estrus detection and 84% accuracy in early disease classification. The study extends MFCA application from manufacturing to biological production systems and introduces the concept of accounting-driven smart farming, where environmental accounting is embedded within digital infrastructure. The findings contribute to the advancement of Digital Environmental Management Accounting (Digital EMA) and provide a scalable model for sustainable livestock transformation in emerging economies.
Co-Authors Agus Hocky Ahmad Rafa'i Aminuyati Amries Rusli Tanjung Amries Rusli Tanjung Andi Andi Andi Andi Anton Anton Anton Anton Aprilia, Bord Nandre Asmara Hendra Komara Astri Ayu Purwati Astri Ayu Purwati Astuti Dara Anjeli Augustine, Yvonne Aulia Ramadhani Bakhroini Benny Napitupulu Cecilia Cecilia, Cecilia Chandra, Stefani Dadi Komardi Dalil, M Dalil, M. Darmasari, Ria David David Davin, Michael Elian Dhea Anggelina Djumilah Hadiwijoyo Dodi Sofyan Arief, Dodi Sofyan Eddy, Pujiono Eka Afnan Troena Elvina, Vivi Emiliana Shania Meta Nahak Evelyn Wijaya evelyn wijaya Evita Anugrah S Fadrul Fadrul Fadrul Fadrul Fadrul, Fadrul Fauzan Azim Fazal Mohamed Mohamed Sultan Fifi Puspita Fitri Yani Fransisca, Luciana Fransiska Fransiska Geovanie, Geovanie Gusrio Tendra Habibi Hairudin Hairudin Haristan, Meiviana Harry Patuan Panjaitan Helen Helen Herma Safitri Hocky, Agus Horsiando, Eric Hutahuruk, Marice Br Ida Ayu Putu Sri Widnyani Indrastuti, Sri Indri Yovita Iwan Triyuwono Jahrizal Jennifer Chandra Jenny Angelica Jessen, Jessen Johan Johan Johan Johan Juniar Vina Komardi, Dadi Koto, Jaswar Kristy Veronica Kuswoyo Kuswoyo Layla Hafni Lindawati Sirait Luciana Fransisca Manullang, Megawati Marice Br Hutahuruk Marlim, Yulvia Nora Martha Ng Maydelyn Goh Mazzlida Mat Deli Megawati Pakpahan Mimelientesa Irman Monalisa Monalisa Muhammad Adrian Agusta Muhrodin, Muhrodin Mujtaba M. Momin Mujtaba M. Momin Mukhsin Mukhsin Musa, Sulaiman Nabila Hestia Napitupulu, Ryan Pardomuan Ngatno Nicholas Renaldo Nicholas, Eric Novita Yulia Putri Nuriman M. Nur Nyoto Nyoto Nyoto, Nyoto Nyoto, Rebecca La Volla Octafilia, Yusnita Octavellyn, Shierly Oka Atika Okalesa Okalesa Okalesa, Okalesa Olivia Dimaranty Onny Setyawan Onny Setywan Pamuji Hari Santoso Panggabean, Jessylane Prayetno, Muhammad Pringgo Prihastomo, Arih Dwi Priyono Priyono Purba, Jansaris Othniel Purnama, Intan Purwati, Astri Ayu Putri, Novita Yulia Rahman, Sarli Ramadani, Yulita Ramadhani Ramadhani Ramdani Ramdani Ricky Wijaya Rizaldi Putra Sabrina Sabnah Santhomas Pinso Santoso, Pamuji Hari Sarli Rahman Sarli Rahman Setiawan, Yayat Sevendy, Tandy Sofyanto, Sofyanto Stefani Chandra Sudarno Sudarno Sudarno Sudarno Sudarno Sugiyarti, Listya Suhardjo Suhardjo Suhardjo Suhardjo Suhardjo Suharti Suharti Suharti Suranto, Agung Surya Safari SD Sutandijo, Sutandijo Suyono Suyono Suyono Teddy Chandra Umar Faruq Veronica, Kristy Vivi Wulansari Wahid, Nabila Wahyu Joni Kurniawan, Wahyu Joni Wahyudi, Langgeng Wati, Yenny Wiariningsih, Oktaviani Widi, Rahma Wijaya, Boyke Wijaya, Evelyn Wijaya, Febriana Wendy Wilda Susanti Yarmanelis Yenni, Elfita Yenny Wati Yuliana Yuliana Yuliendi, Rangga Rahmadian Yusnidar Yusnidar Yusnidar Yusnidar Yusnita Octafilia Theresia A Yesu Infante Yusrizal Yusrizal Zainol Mustafa