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KARAKTER MORFOLOGI DAN MOLEKULER ISOLAT Phytophthora palmivora ASAL KELAPA DAN KAKAO HIASINTA FJ MOTULO; MEITY S-SINAGA; GEDE SUASTIKA; HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR; ALEX HARTANA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 3 (2007): SEPTEMBER 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n3.2007.111-118

ABSTRAKPhytophthora palmivora merupakan patogen penyebab penyakitgugur buah pada tanaman kelapa dan busuk buah pada tanaman kakao.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membedakan isolat P. palmivora asal kelapadan asal kakao berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan molekuler.Pengambilan sampel penyakit gugur buah kelapa dan busuk buah kakaodilakukan di Kabupaten Banyuwangi dan Jember, Jawa Timur, KabupatenMinahasa dan Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara, dan KabupatenGorontalo, Gorontalo. Analisis morfologi, ekstraksi DNA dan amplifikasiDNA dengan PCR dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikologi dan LaboratoriumVirologi, Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Faperta IPB. Analisis perunutanDNA dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Balai BesarBioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik dan Laboratorium Bioteknologi,LIPI Serpong. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2005 sampaiFebruari 2007. Berdasarkan karakter morfologi seperti diameter koloni,panjang dan lebar sporangium, tipe koloni, bentuk sporangium, per-bandingan panjang dan lebar sporangium serta runutan DNA ruas ITSmenunjukkan bahwa keduapuluh-dua koleksi isolat yang menunjukkangejala penyakit gugur buah kelapa dan busuk buah kakao adalah P.palmivora. Isolat P. palmivora asal kelapa berbeda dengan isolat P.palmivora asal kakao berdasarkan diameter koloni, panjang dan lebarsporangium serta runutan DNA ruas ITS. Duapuluh-dua isolat P.palmivora asal kelapa dan asal kakao mempunyai sporangium yang mudahlepas dari sporangiospora (caducous), pedikel yang pendek dan papilaserta bervariasi dalam bentuk dan ukuran sporangium. Bentuk sporangiumterdiri dari 4 tipe yaitu ovoid, limoniform, obturbinate, dan obpyriform.Ukuran sporangium berkisar antara 40 – 62 µm panjang dan 28 – 43 µmlebar. Isolat P. palmivora memiliki tipe koloni rosaceous, stelate dancottony. Rata-rata diameter koloni isolat asal kelapa 54.8 cm lebih tinggidari isolat asal kakao 43,4 cm. Hasil perunutan DNA hasil PCRmenunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik antar isolat asal kelapa dan kakaodi Indonesia. Isolat asal kakao berbeda dengan isolat asal kelapaberdasarkan perunutan DNA ruas ITS. Isolat P. palmivora asal kelapa dankakao dari Indonesia tidak berada dalam satu kelompok dengan isolatyang berasal dari Thailand, Taiwan, Korea, Puerto Rico, Ghana, danCameron.Kata kunci : Kelapa, Cocos nucifera, kakao, Theobroma cacao, penyakit,P. palmivora, morfologi, molekuler, keragaman, runutanDNA-ITS, Jawa Timur, Sulawesi Utara, Gorontalo, JawaBaratABSTRACTMorphology and molecular characteristics of P.palmivora isolates from coconut and cacaoPhytophthora palmivora, is the pathogen of coconut nutfall andcacao black pod diseases. This study was conducted to differentiate theisolates of P. palmivora from coconut and those from cacao fruit based onmorphology and molecular characteristics. Samples of nutfall of coconutand black pod of cacao were collected from Banyuwangi and JemberDistricts, East Java, Minahasa and Bolaang Mongondow Districts, NorthSulawesi, and Gorontalo District, Gorontalo. Morphological analysis,DNA extraction and amplification of PCR-DNA were conducted inMicology Laboratorium and Virology Laboratorium, Plant ProtectionDivision, Faperta IPB. Sequencing DNA analysis was conducted inMolecular Biology Laboratory, Balai Besar Bioteknologi dan SumberdayaGenetik and Biotechnology Laboratory LIPI Serpong. This research wasconducted from April 2005 to February 2007. Comparative morphologicalevaluated i.e. diameter of colony, length and width of sporangium, l/wratio, type of colony and sequence Internal Transcribed Sequence (ITS)-DNA showed that all isolates of Phytophthora isolated from coconut andcacao in Indonesia were Phytophthora palmivora. Morphologycharacteristics of pathogen isolates from cacao were smaller andsignificantly different in length, width, length/width ratio ofsporangium and diameter of colony compared to coconut’s isolates.Sporangia of 22 isolates were caducous with short pedicel, but werevariable in shape and size. The culture produced ovoid, limoniform,obturbinate, dan obpyriform sporangia, average 40-62 µm in length and28-43 µm in width. The colony types were stelate, cottony and rossaceouswith average diameter of coconut isolates 54.8 cm and cacao isolates 43.4cm. Specific fragment of 900 bp was successfully amplify from coconutand cacao infected by P. palmivora. The DNA sequence analysis of thenuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region showed that thecoconut isolates were not in the same cluster with the cacao isolates. Basedon sequence analysis, the P. palmivora isolates from Indonesia showeddifferent cluster from those of Taiwan, Ghana, Puerto Rico and Costa Ricaisolates.Key words : Coconut, Cocos nucifera, cacao, Theobroma cacao,diseases, P. palmivora, diversity, morphology, molecular,sequencing ITS-DNA, East Java, North Sulawesi,Gorontalo, West Jav

Agronomics Characteristics and Its Correlation of New Plant Type Promising Rice Lines Angelita P. Lestari; Buang Abdullah; Ahmad Junaedi; Hajrial Aswidinnoor
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 17, No 2 (2011): December
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v17n2.2011.p96-103

Karakteristik Agronomi dan Korelasinya pada Galurgalur Harapan Padi Tipe Baru. Dalam program pemuliaan tanaman padi diperlukan pengetahuan tentang karakter dan korelasinya dengan hasil gabah. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mempelajari karakter tanaman dan korelasinya dari 35 galur harapan PTB dengan Ciherang dan Sintanur sebagai varietas pembanding, ditanam di dua lokasi, Bogor dan Pusakanagara, pada MT 2009 (MK dan MH). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Bibit umur 21 hari ditanam satu bibit per lubang, jarak tanam 20 cm x 20 cm, pada petak berukuran 2 x 5 m2 per baris. Karakter tanaman bervariasi antargalur dan beberapa di antaranya berbeda nyata dengan varietas pembanding Ciherang dan Sintanur, kecuali untuk hasil gabah. B11742-RS*2-3-MR-34-1-2-1 merupakan galur dengan postur tanaman terendah, hasil gabah rendah, dan umur terpendek. Sebagian besar galur mempunyai karakter padi tipe baru (PTB). Hasil gabah berkorelasi positif dengan semua karakter, tetapi hanya berkorelasi nyata dan positif dengan tinggi tanaman, berkisar antara 91,4-120,7 cm. AbstrakIn a plant breeding program, knowledge of the character and interrelationships among yield and yield contributing characters are necessary. This study was carried out to identify the plant character and its correlation between yield-correlated traits of 35 NPT rice promising lines with Ciherang and Sintanur as check varieties, planted in two locations, Bogor and Pusakanagara and two seasons (2009 dry and wet season, DS-WS). Those lines were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) arrangement, in three replications. The 21-days-old seedling planted one seed per hole, spacing 20 cm x 20 cm, with a plot size of 2 x 5 m2 per line. Plant characters varied and were significantly different from Ciherang and Sintanur as check varieties except for grain yield. B11742- RS*2-3-MR-34-1-2-1 was the line that had the lowest plant height, grain yield, and the shortest growth duration. Most of the lines had character as new plant type variety. Grain yield positively correlated with all characters, but only significantly and positively correlated with plant height at range from 91.4- 120.7 cm.

PEWARISAN GEN PENANDA HPT(HYGROMYCINE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE) BERDASARKAN ANALISIS PCR DAN EKSPRESINYA PADA POPULASI PADI TRANSFORMAN MENGOVEREKSPRESIKAN GEN HD ZIP OSHOX-6 Enung Sri Mulyaningsih; Hajrial Aswidinnoor; Didy Sopandie; Pieter BF OuwerkerV; Inez Hortense Slamet Loedin
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 10, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v10i1.2051

First generation (TO) transgenic plants do not always segregate their transgenes in a Mendellian segregation pattern. Moreover,instability of heterologous gene expression was often observed in transgenic plants. This phenomenon is often called gene silencing. Gene silencing could happen on different level of gene expression, notably at transcriptional or post-transcriptional level.The purpose of this research was to identify the transgene segregation pattern of a marker gene (hpt) as well as the introduced- regulator gene (OsLEA-oshox6) in second generation (Tl) transgenic rice plants.Gene segregation (hpt) analysis was carried out using PCR method. Gene expression analysis was done by hygromycin antibiotic resistant test of leaf samples.Analysis was carried out on 17 lines of Tl transgenic rice plants from Batutegi and Kasalath cultivars.Mendellian segregation pattern of 3:1 was revealed for all lines based on PCR analysis. Gene expression analysis showed almost all lines was segregated in a Mendellian fashion except for Tl-BT III 2C line. Less transgenic plants that expressed the hpt gene were suggested due to gene silencing effects.It was suggested to happen at transcriptional level.

PYRAMIDING IMPORTANT DISEASE-RESISTANT CHARACTERS BY HYBRIDIZATION OF TRANSGENIC AND NON-TRANSGENIC PEANUTS (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.) Dwi Hapsoro; Hajrial Aswidinnoor; Rusmilah Suseno; . Jumanto; . Sudarsono
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 10 No. 2 (2010): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

We have produced transgenic peanut lines carrying a coat protein gene of peanut stripe virus (PStV) and showing resistance to the virus. However, their susceptibility to leafspot disease caused by Cercospora sp. and their lower productivity compared to their genetic background cultivar make them commercially less undesireable. The objective of this research was to test whether crossing the transgenic peanut plants with a non-transgenic peanut line WS, which was resistant to leafspot disease and high-yielding, could produce progenies in F2 generation that were resistant to both PStV and leafspot disease as well as of higher yield campared to their transgenic progenitor. If this test was proven, pyramiding novel transgenic and non-transgenic characters in peanut plants by hybridization would probably be a routine procedure in the future. Crosses were made between transgenic peanut plants that were resistant to PStV and non-transgenic peanut line WS. F2 population was evaluated for resistance to PStV and leafspot disease. Number of filled pods, filled pod dry weight per plant, and dry weight of each pod were measured. Result of the experiment showed that some of the plants in F2 population exhibited resistant both to PStV and leafspot disease and produced higher number of filled pods, filled pod dry weight per plant, and dry weight of each pod compared to those produced by their transgenic parent plants.

IMPLICATION OF GENE ACTION AND HERITABILITY UNDER STRESS AND CONTROL CONDITIONS FOR SELECTION IRON TOXICITY TOLERANT IN RICE Yudhistira Nugraha; Sintho Wahyuning Ardie; Munif Ghulamahdi; Suwarno Suwarno; Hajrial Aswidinnoor
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 38, No 3 (2016): OCTOBER
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v38i3.740

Iron toxicity is major constraint of rice production in irrigated-lowland of tropical regions. Improvement the tolerance of the rice cultivar to iron toxicity needs the information some genetics parameters of the selected characters. Here we study the estimation of gene action and heritability of the grain yield and its component under iron-toxic stress and control field conditions in rice. The iron-toxic tolerant rice cultivars, Pokkali and Mahsuri were crossed with the sensitive cultivar, Inpara5 to develop six generation populations. The breeding materials were grown in the iron toxicity site and control in Taman Bogo, Lampung Indonesia. The sensitive parent and BC1P1 had lower stress tolerance index (STI) compared to the tolerant parent F1, F2 and BC1P2. Most of the characters including the grain yield were fitted the best model in five parameters which were more prominent with interactive epistasis of duplicate and complementary gene action. The heritability’s under control were more higher compared to iron toxicity stress condition. Delaying selection to later generations and combining with the shuttle breeding between stressed and controlled environments were the best strategy for improving the grain yield and tolerance to iron toxicity in rice.

Parameters and Secondary Characters for Selection of Tolerance Rice Varieties under Stagnant Flooding Condition Trias Sitaresmi; Willy B. Suwarno; Indrastuti A. Rumanti; Sintho W. Ardie; Hajrial Aswidinnoor
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 41, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v41i2.957

Determination of secondary characters during stagnant flooding (SF) is considered important for breeders as the selection criteria in developing SF rice tolerant varieties. Aims of this study were to find agronomical variation and to determine secondary traits that were related to SF tolerance among the rice varieties. Experiment was conducted at Indonesian Center for Rice Research in 2015. Ten rice genotypes were grown in RCBD with three replications under normal and gradual flooding conditions. Agronomic data were gathered and analysed using combined ANOVA, correlation, multiple linear regressions and genetic variability. Results showed that 92.3% variance of stress tolerance index (STI) were presented from a linear model involving weight of 100-grains, panicle length, stem diameter, intensity of leaf green color and stem length. Stem length, intensity of leaf green color, and panicle length had broad genetic variability and high heritability these characters were important criteria when selecting the traits under flowing stress. Number of productive tillers was correlated with grain yield under SF and highly heritable, thus considered as one of determining characters for stagnant flooding tolerance. Based on STIStd, Ciherang and INPARI 30 showed more adaptive performance, while IR 42 had the least when grown under 50-60 cm stagnant water depth.

PELACAKAN TETUA POPULASI KELAPA DALAM MAPANGET No.32 (DMT-32) MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS ALIRAN GEN (Gene Flow) BERDASARKAN PENANDA MIKROSATELIT (SSR) DONATA S PANDIN; ALEX HARTANA; HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR; ASEP SETIAWAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 14, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v14n4.2008.131-140

ABSTRAKKelapa Dalam Mapanget (DMT) merupakan salah satu kelapadalam unggul produksi dan kadar minyak serta protein yang baik.Beberapa populasi generasi DMT telah diseleksi selama tahun 1957 –1979 menghasilkan populasi DMT 32. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmelacak tetua melalui aliran gen dalam beberapa generasi populasi kelapaDMT-32 hasil penyerbukan campuran polen, pada taraf DNA berdasarkanpenanda mikrosatelit (SSR). Bahan tanaman yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah populasi hasil penyerbukan kelapa DMT-32 generasikedua (DMT-32 S2), populasi DMT-32 generasi ketiga (DMT-32 S3), danpopulasi DMT-32 generasi keempat (DMT-32 S4) berturut-turut sebanyak9, 40, dan 38 pohon. Analisis hubungan tetua dengan zuriatnya meng-gunakan program komputer CERVUS ver. 2.0. Jumlah primer SSR yangdigunakan sebanyak 19 primer dan 15 di antaranya dapat digunakan untukmelacak tetua dari individu-individu kelapa DMT-32 S3 dan DMT-32 S4.Semua individu DMT-32 S2 menjadi tetua dari individu-individu DMT-32S3, tetapi tidak semua individu DMT-32 S3 menjadi tetua dari DMT-32S4. Hasil pelacakan tetua menunjukkan bahwa 2 pohon DMT-32 S3 yangbenar-benar hasil penyerbukan hasil zigot polen sendiri dari satu pohonkelapa DMT-32 S2 No.8, dan 1 pohon zuriat dari DMT-32 S2 No.3. PadaDMT-32 S4 ada 2 individu pohon yang benar-benar merupakan hasilpenyerbukan zigot polen sendiri pohon DMT-32 S3 No.28, masing-masing1 pohon zuriat dari DMT-32 S3 No.32 dan DMT-32 S3 No.35. DMT-32S2 No.1 merupakan tetua dari 8 individu DMT-32 S3, dan lima darizuriatnya adalah tetua dari 13 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No. 2adalah tetua dari 9 individu DMT-32 S3 dan empat nomor di antaranyamenjadi tetua dari 14 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.3 merupakantetua dari 11 individu DMT-32 S3 dan enam nomor pohon di antaranyamenjadi tetua dari 18 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.4 memiliki 5zuriat dan dua nomor pohon di antaranya menjadi tetua dari 7 individuDMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.5 merupakan tetua dari 10 pohon DMT-32S3 dan enam nomor pohon di antaranya menjadi tetua dari 24 pohonDMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.6 adalah tetua dari 4 zuriat DMT-32 S3 danhanya satu nomor pohon yang menjadi tetua dari 4 individu pohon DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.7 merupakan tetua dari 10 zuriat pohon DMT-32S3, lima di antaranya merupakan tetua dari 20 pohon DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.8 memiliki 12 zuriat DMT-32 S3, dan empat di antaranyaadalah tetua dari 15 pohon DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 nomor 9 merupakantetua dari 7 pohon DMT-32 S3, dan empat diantaranya adalah tetua dari17 pohon DMT-32 S4.Kata kunci : Cocos nucifera L, Mapanget Tall Coconut (DMT 32),mikrosatelit, SSR, pelacakan tetuaABSTRACTParentage analysis of Mapanget Tall Coconut No.32 (DMT-32)population via gene flow based on Microsatellite Markers (SSR)Mapanget Tall Coconut (DMT) is one of the superior coconut for itsproduction, coconut oil and protein. Several generation of the DMTpopulation has been selected in 1957 – 1979 producing DMT 32generations. The aim of this research was to analyze the parents ofMapanget Tall Coconut No.32 (DMT-32) in DNA level via gene flowbased on microsatellite markers (SSR). Plant materials used in thisresearch were nine (9) palms of DMT-32 S2, 40 palms of DMT-32 S3 and38 palms of DMT-32 S4. Relationship between parents and progeny wereanalyzed by using CERVUS ver. 2.0 computer program. Among 19 SSRprimers used, 15 of them can be used in parentage analysis of MapangetTall Coconut No.32 of third and fourth generations. All of 9 (nine) palmsof DMT-32 S2 are the parents of DMT-32 S3, but some of those palms ofDMT-32 S3 are not the parents of DMT-32 S4. The result of parentageanalysis showed that two palms of DMT-32 S3 were progeny of selfedDMT-32 S2 No.8, and one palm was progeny of selfed DMT-32 S2 No.3.In DMT-32 S4 there were two palms progeny of DMT-32 S3 No.28 andone palm was progeny of DMT-32 S3 No.32 and DMT-32 S3 No.35respectively. DMT-32 S2 No.1 had 8 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and five ofthose were the parents of 13 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No. 2 had9 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and four of those were the parents of 14 individuDMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.3 had11 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and six ofthose were the parents of 18 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.4 had 5progeny in DMT-32 S3 and two of those were the parents of 7 individuDMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.5 had 10 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and six ofthose were the parents of 24 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.6 had 4progeny in DMT-32 S3 and only one was the parent of 4 individu DMT-32S4. DMT-32 S2 No.7 had 10 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and five of thosewere the parents of 20 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.8 had 12progeny in DMT-32 S3 and four of those were the parents of 15 individuDMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.9 had 7 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and four ofthose were the parents of 17 individu DMT-32 S4.Key words : Cocos nucifera L, Mapanget Tall Coconut (DMT-32),microsatellite, SSR, parentage analysis

KARAKTER MORFOLOGI DAN MOLEKULER ISOLAT Phytophthora palmivora ASAL KELAPA DAN KAKAO HIASINTA FJ MOTULO; MEITY S-SINAGA; GEDE SUASTIKA; HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR; ALEX HARTANA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 3 (2007): SEPTEMBER 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n3.2007.111-118

ABSTRAKPhytophthora palmivora merupakan patogen penyebab penyakitgugur buah pada tanaman kelapa dan busuk buah pada tanaman kakao.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membedakan isolat P. palmivora asal kelapadan asal kakao berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan molekuler.Pengambilan sampel penyakit gugur buah kelapa dan busuk buah kakaodilakukan di Kabupaten Banyuwangi dan Jember, Jawa Timur, KabupatenMinahasa dan Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara, dan KabupatenGorontalo, Gorontalo. Analisis morfologi, ekstraksi DNA dan amplifikasiDNA dengan PCR dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikologi dan LaboratoriumVirologi, Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Faperta IPB. Analisis perunutanDNA dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Balai BesarBioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik dan Laboratorium Bioteknologi,LIPI Serpong. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2005 sampaiFebruari 2007. Berdasarkan karakter morfologi seperti diameter koloni,panjang dan lebar sporangium, tipe koloni, bentuk sporangium, per-bandingan panjang dan lebar sporangium serta runutan DNA ruas ITSmenunjukkan bahwa keduapuluh-dua koleksi isolat yang menunjukkangejala penyakit gugur buah kelapa dan busuk buah kakao adalah P.palmivora. Isolat P. palmivora asal kelapa berbeda dengan isolat P.palmivora asal kakao berdasarkan diameter koloni, panjang dan lebarsporangium serta runutan DNA ruas ITS. Duapuluh-dua isolat P.palmivora asal kelapa dan asal kakao mempunyai sporangium yang mudahlepas dari sporangiospora (caducous), pedikel yang pendek dan papilaserta bervariasi dalam bentuk dan ukuran sporangium. Bentuk sporangiumterdiri dari 4 tipe yaitu ovoid, limoniform, obturbinate, dan obpyriform.Ukuran sporangium berkisar antara 40 – 62 µm panjang dan 28 – 43 µmlebar. Isolat P. palmivora memiliki tipe koloni rosaceous, stelate dancottony. Rata-rata diameter koloni isolat asal kelapa 54.8 cm lebih tinggidari isolat asal kakao 43,4 cm. Hasil perunutan DNA hasil PCRmenunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik antar isolat asal kelapa dan kakaodi Indonesia. Isolat asal kakao berbeda dengan isolat asal kelapaberdasarkan perunutan DNA ruas ITS. Isolat P. palmivora asal kelapa dankakao dari Indonesia tidak berada dalam satu kelompok dengan isolatyang berasal dari Thailand, Taiwan, Korea, Puerto Rico, Ghana, danCameron.Kata kunci : Kelapa, Cocos nucifera, kakao, Theobroma cacao, penyakit,P. palmivora, morfologi, molekuler, keragaman, runutanDNA-ITS, Jawa Timur, Sulawesi Utara, Gorontalo, JawaBaratABSTRACTMorphology and molecular characteristics of P.palmivora isolates from coconut and cacaoPhytophthora palmivora, is the pathogen of coconut nutfall andcacao black pod diseases. This study was conducted to differentiate theisolates of P. palmivora from coconut and those from cacao fruit based onmorphology and molecular characteristics. Samples of nutfall of coconutand black pod of cacao were collected from Banyuwangi and JemberDistricts, East Java, Minahasa and Bolaang Mongondow Districts, NorthSulawesi, and Gorontalo District, Gorontalo. Morphological analysis,DNA extraction and amplification of PCR-DNA were conducted inMicology Laboratorium and Virology Laboratorium, Plant ProtectionDivision, Faperta IPB. Sequencing DNA analysis was conducted inMolecular Biology Laboratory, Balai Besar Bioteknologi dan SumberdayaGenetik and Biotechnology Laboratory LIPI Serpong. This research wasconducted from April 2005 to February 2007. Comparative morphologicalevaluated i.e. diameter of colony, length and width of sporangium, l/wratio, type of colony and sequence Internal Transcribed Sequence (ITS)-DNA showed that all isolates of Phytophthora isolated from coconut andcacao in Indonesia were Phytophthora palmivora. Morphologycharacteristics of pathogen isolates from cacao were smaller andsignificantly different in length, width, length/width ratio ofsporangium and diameter of colony compared to coconut’s isolates.Sporangia of 22 isolates were caducous with short pedicel, but werevariable in shape and size. The culture produced ovoid, limoniform,obturbinate, dan obpyriform sporangia, average 40-62 µm in length and28-43 µm in width. The colony types were stelate, cottony and rossaceouswith average diameter of coconut isolates 54.8 cm and cacao isolates 43.4cm. Specific fragment of 900 bp was successfully amplify from coconutand cacao infected by P. palmivora. The DNA sequence analysis of thenuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region showed that thecoconut isolates were not in the same cluster with the cacao isolates. Basedon sequence analysis, the P. palmivora isolates from Indonesia showeddifferent cluster from those of Taiwan, Ghana, Puerto Rico and Costa Ricaisolates.Key words : Coconut, Cocos nucifera, cacao, Theobroma cacao,diseases, P. palmivora, diversity, morphology, molecular,sequencing ITS-DNA, East Java, North Sulawesi,Gorontalo, West Jav

The effect of mixed cultivars plantings on pest abundance and grain yields in rice Azri Kusuma Dewi; Hermanu Triwidodo; Muhammad Achmad Chozin; Hajrial Aswidinnoor
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 15 No 2 (2018): July
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.15.2.101

A field study was carried out to assess the effects of mixed cultivar plantings on grain yields and on the abundance of pests in rice. Increasing plantation species diversity through cultivar mixtures is often claimed to decrease pest problems while stabilizing or even increasing yield, but the effects on pest abundance of planting rice cultivar mixtures in Indonesia have not been extensively studied. We tested for changes in pest abundance in experimental plots planted with five genetically distinct rice cultivars, combined in two different mixture arrangements (seed mix and row mix). These mixes were cultivated in lowland paddy areas, in replicated randomized block designs, during two growing seasons. Pest abundance was measured weekly in all plots, and rice yields were measured at harvest time. The results showed that the average abundance of pests was reduced in plots planted with cultivar mixes, compared to those planted with monocrops comprised of each of the component cultivars. Plots planted with the seed mix showed consistently reduced brown plant-hopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) abundance compared to monocrops in each growing season, with a relative reduction in pest abundance of 29.83% at the end of season 1 and 6.61% at the end of season 2, respectively. Plots planted with the row mix consistently showed decreased stem borer abundance compared to monocrops in each growing season, with a relative reduction in pest abundance of 100% at the end of season 1 and 1.4% at the end of season 2, respectively. In terms of yield, plant height proved to be a consistent yield component character, correlating positively with plant yield for both seed mix and row mix in both growing seasons. Our results showed higher average yields –and plant heights--for the mixed genotype plots compared to pure genotype stands in 2013. We found a greater relative increase in the yield of seed mix plots than row mix, measuring 7.26% and 4.63%, respectively in 2013. Among the two types of mixtures, seed mix showed higher overall grain yield. Our findings suggest that rice farmers can both increase yield and decrease pest abundance by planting cultivar mixes.

Aktivitas ACCase mesokarp kelapa sawit dan kloning fragmen gen penyandi ACCase subunit biotin karboksilase ACCase activity of oil palm mesocarp and cloning of gene fragment encoding biotin carboxylase subunit of ACCase Asmini BUDIANI; Djoko SANTOSO; Hajrial ASWIDINNOOR; Antonius SUWANTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 74, No 1: Juni 2006
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Summary Genetic engineering to produce high yielding oil palm might be done by over expressing gene encoding key enzyme for oil biosynthesis in the oil palm mesocarp, one of which is ACCase. The objective of this research was to analyze ACCase activity of mesocarp from several developmental stages of fruit and to clone conserved region cDNA of gene encoding biotin carboxylase subunit of ACCase (BC-htACCase) from oil palm mesocarp. Activity of ACCase was analyzed by HPLC. Amplification of cDNA was done by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using degenerate heterologous primer on several annealing temperature and MgCl2 concentration. The cDNA fragment of RT-PCR product was cloned, sequenced and analyzed to confirm that the cloned cDNA was conserved region of BC-htACCase. The result showed that ACCase activity increased from the 14 week to the 20 week-old fruit, and then decreased. Using heterologous degenerate primers, cDNA fragments of BC-htACCase conserved region (469 bp) can be specifically amplified at 60 oC annealing temperature with 2 mM MgCl2 concentration.The result of BlastX analysis showed that the sequence of cloned cDNA fragment was highly homologous with the conserved region of BC-htACCase from Glycine max, Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum, and Brassica napus with 243, 237, 236, 231 bit score, and E. value 2e-63, 1e-61, 2e-61 and 5e-60, respectively. Ringkasan Rekayasa genetika untuk menghasilkan bibit kelapa sawit berdaya hasil tinggi dapat ditempuh dengan meningkatkan ekspresi gen penyandi enzim kunci biosintesis minyak pada kelapa sawit, salah satunya adalah ACCase. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji aktivitas ACCase mesokarp beberapa tahap perkem-bangan buah sawit dan mengklon fragmen cDNA daerah konservatif gen penyandi ACCase heteromerik subunit biotin karbok-silase (BC-htACCase) dari mesokarp buah sawit. Aktivitas ACCase dianalisis dengan HPLC. Amplifikasi cDNA dilakukan dengan teknik RT-PCR menggunakan primer degene-rate heterologus pada berbagai suhu penempelan dan konsentrasi MgCl2. Fragmen cDNA hasil RT-PCR diklon, disekuen dan dianalisis untuk mengkonfirmasi bahwa cDNA terklon adalah daerah konservatif BC-htACCase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas ACCase meningkat dari buah berumur 14 minggu hingga buah berumur 20 minggu, kemudian menurun kembali Dengan primer degenerate heterologus, fragmen cDNA daerah konservatif BC-htACCase (469 pb) dapat diamplifikasi secara spesifik pada suhu penempelan 60 oC dan konsentrasi MgCl2 2 mM. Hasil analisis BlastX dari sekuen DNA fragmen terklon menunjuk-kan bahwa sekuen tersebut mempunyai homologi tinggi antara lain dengan gen penyandi BC-htACCase dari Glycine max, Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum dan Brassica napus, masing-masing dengan skor 243, 237, 236, 231 bit, dan E. value 2e-63, 1e-61, 2e-61 dan 5e-60.

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