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IMPLEMENTATION OF MERDEKA CURRICULUM AS THE NATIONAL CURRICULUM BASED ON REGULATION OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION, CULTURE, RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY NUMBER 12 OF 2024: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN INDONESIA (LITERATURE REVIEW METHOD) Gunawan Widjaja; Songga Aurora Abadi; Rajes Khana
International Journal of Teaching and Learning Vol. 2 No. 11 (2025): JULY
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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This research aims to examine the implementation of Merdeka Curriculum as the national curriculum based on the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Regulation Number 12 of 2024, and analyse its implications for educational institutions in Indonesia. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting and analysing various secondary sources such as official government documents, scientific journals, articles, and related research reports. The study results show that Merdeka Curriculum emphasises flexibility, autonomy and relevance of learning to the needs and potential of learners. This curriculum provides more space for schools and teachers to develop innovative, contextual, and character-strengthening-centred learning through the Pancasila Student Profile strengthening project. However, its implementation faces challenges in the form of human resource readiness, limited infrastructure, and the need for continuous training and mentoring. The successful implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum is highly dependent on the collaboration and commitment of all education stakeholders. Overall, the Merdeka Curriculum has the potential to improve the quality of national education and form a generation that is adaptive, creative, and has strong character, provided that the existing challenges can be overcome systematically and sustainably.
LEGAL BASIS AND IMPLICATIONS OF LAW NO. 20 OF 2003 ON THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDONESIA Agus Supriyanto; Gunawan Widjaja
International Journal of Teaching and Learning Vol. 2 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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This study aims to analyse the legal basis and implications of Law No. 20 of 2003 on the National Education System for the implementation of education in Indonesia. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive analytical approach to various literature, legal documents, and related research results. The results of the study show that Law No. 20 of 2003 has a strong philosophical, juridical, and sociological basis, which serves as a normative foundation for building an inclusive, high-quality, and equitable national education system. The implications of this law are evident in significant changes in curriculum structure, equal access to education, financing, educator competence, and community participation in education. However, the implementation of this law faces challenges in the form of resource inequality and policy adaptation at the regional level. This study recommends synergy among stakeholders as the key to the successful implementation of the law for the development of a sustainable national education system.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY ANALYSIS IN LAW NO. 20 OF 2003 ON THE NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM: A LITERATURE REVIEW Hernita; Gunawan Widjaja
International Journal of Teaching and Learning Vol. 2 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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Abstract

This study aims to analyse the constitutional and regulatory basis contained in Law No. 20 of 2003 on the National Education System through a literature review approach. The analysis of the constitutional basis focuses on the relationship between the Law and the principles and provisions of the 1945 Constitution, particularly regarding the right to education, the obligations of the state, and the basic values of national education. Meanwhile, the regulatory analysis examines the implementation mechanisms, government authority, national education standards, and community participation in the education system regulated by this Law. The results of the study show that Law No. 20 of 2003 is strongly aligned with the constitutional basis and provides a comprehensive regulatory framework. However, implementation challenges require continuous improvement so that national education can be effective, inclusive, and equitable. This study provides recommendations to strengthen constitutional and regulatory aspects in supporting the development of a national education system that is adaptive to social changes and future needs.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ACADEMIC FREEDOM POLICY IN LAW NUMBER 12 OF 2012 ON HIGHER EDUCATION Agus Supriyanto; Gunawan Widjaja
International Journal of Teaching and Learning Vol. 2 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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Academic freedom is an essential part of human rights, manifested in the freedom of thought and expression in the context of higher education. Law No. 12 of 2012 on Higher Education explicitly regulates academic freedom as a right and obligation of the academic community in carrying out the three pillars of higher education. This study aims to examine how academic freedom policies are implemented in higher education institutions, particularly in the conduct of research, teaching, and academic freedom of speech, as well as the challenges faced during the implementation of these policies. The method used is juridical-normative with a qualitative approach through a study of relevant laws, policy documents, and academic literature. The results of the study indicate that academic freedom must be protected and facilitated by higher education leaders so that the academic community can develop knowledge responsibly in accordance with legal norms and academic ethics. However, there are various restrictions and challenges in practice that need attention to strengthen the implementation of academic freedom policies in the future.
LEGAL BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION CURRICULUM BASED ON LAW NO. 12 OF 2012 ON HIGHER EDUCATION Gunawan Widjaja
International Journal of Teaching and Learning Vol. 2 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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Abstract

This study discusses the legal basis for the development of higher education curricula based on Law No. 12 of 2012 on Higher Education. This study examines the legal provisions governing the formulation and development of curricula in order to ensure the quality, relevance, and sustainability of higher education in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that Law No. 12 of 2012 provides a strong and comprehensive legal basis for higher education institutions to develop curricula that are in line with national standards and national development needs. In addition, this law regulates the rights and obligations of higher education institutions in developing holistic, adaptive curricula that are oriented towards learning outcomes covering attitudes, knowledge, and skills. The implications of this legal basis encourage higher education institutions to implement a high-quality, character-building curriculum that is competitive at the national and international levels.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION AND UTILISATION OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ARTS AND CULTURE BASED ON ARTICLE 28C PARAGRAPH (1) OF THE 1945 CONSTITUTION Hernita; Gunawan Widjaja
International Journal of Teaching and Learning Vol. 2 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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This study discusses the implementation of the right to education and the utilisation of science, technology, arts, and culture based on Article 28C paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution, which guarantees every citizen the right to develop themselves to improve their quality of life. Education is considered a fundamental right that must be provided by the state, but reality shows that there are still gaps in access, quality, and equity of educational services between urban and rural areas, rich and poor groups, and majority and minority groups. Similarly, the right to utilise science, technology, arts, and culture has not been optimally realised due to a lack of research support, low digital literacy, weak protection of intellectual property, and the challenges of globalisation that have the potential to erode local cultural identities. The research method used is a normative juridical approach combined with a conceptual approach. Data was obtained from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which were then analysed descriptively and analytically. The results of the study show that despite various regulations and government programmes, the implementation of Article 28C paragraph (1) still experiences a gap between normative principles and empirical reality. The fulfilment of these rights requires strengthening access to and equity in education, support for research and innovation, technological literacy, cultural protection, and political commitment to holistic human development. In conclusion, the implementation of Article 28C paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution in Indonesia still faces structural, cultural, and technical obstacles in ensuring that all citizens can benefit from education, science, technology, arts, and culture. Therefore, synergy between the state, society, and the private sector is key to optimising these constitutional rights for the sake of national welfare and competitiveness.
THE ROLE OF ARTICLE 28C PARAGRAPH (1) OF THE 1945 CONSTITUTION IN GUARANTEEING ACCESS TO EDUCATION AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA Gunawan Widjaja
International Journal of Teaching and Learning Vol. 2 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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Abstract

This study aims to examine the role of Article 28C Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution in guaranteeing access to education and cultural development in Indonesia. This article stipulates the right of every person to develop themselves through the fulfilment of their basic needs, including education and culture, as part of their human rights that must be protected by the state. The research method used is qualitative through the analysis of legal documents, education and cultural policies. The results show that Article 28C Paragraph (1) is an important constitutional basis that guides government policy in providing equitable and inclusive access to education and supporting the preservation and development of culture. However, in its implementation, there are still various challenges, such as inequality in access to education and a lack of attention to cultural diversity. This study recommends strengthening the synergy between the government and the community in order to optimise the role of this article in realising quality human resource development and sustainable cultural preservation in Indonesia.
HUKUM ADMINISTRASI NEGARA DALAM PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA: PEMBELAJARAN DARI PANDEMI COVID-19 Ayu Miya Maryani; Gunawan Widjaja
ADMIN: Jurnal Administrasi Negara Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): MARET
Publisher : CV. Adiba Aisha Amira

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The COVID-19 pandemic has been a real test of the effectiveness of state administrative law in disaster management. This study examines how the legal and regulatory framework in Indonesia responds to emergency situations during the pandemic, and identifies key lessons for future improvement. The main findings show that policy flexibility, inter-agency collaboration, and transparency in decision-making are crucial factors for effective disaster management. In addition, the integration of technology and innovation within a legal framework is essential for rapid and data-driven response adaptation. The study recommends reforms in state administrative law to face future challenges in a more agile and coordinated manner.
PERAN SISTEM PERADILAN DAN KEBIJAKAN KESEHATAN DALAM MENANGANI KASUS PENYALAHGUNAAN OBAT TERLARANG: STUDI TENTANG PENEGAKAN HUKUM, REHABILITASI, DAN PEMULIHAN KESEHATAN MENTAL DAN FISIK PENYALAHGUNA NARKOBA DI INDONESIA Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Gunawan Widjaja
ADMIN: Jurnal Administrasi Negara Vol. 3 No. 5 (2025): Jurnal Administrasi Negara
Publisher : CV. Adiba Aisha Amira

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Illegal drug abuse in Indonesia is a complex national problem because it involves legal, health, social, and moral dimensions of society. This study aims to analyse the role of the judicial system and health policies in handling drug abuse cases through law enforcement, rehabilitation, and mental and physical health recovery approaches. The research method used was library research, reviewing legislation, government policies, previous research results, and relevant literature discussing the integration of law and health in the context of drug abuse treatment. The results of the study show that the judicial system in Indonesia still tends to apply a retributive approach, even though Law No. 35 of 2009 has opened up opportunities for a rehabilitative approach through the principle of restorative justice. Meanwhile, health policies have offered solutions based on medical and social rehabilitation, but their implementation is still constrained by limited resources, infrastructure, and social stigma against addicts. Stronger integration between law enforcement agencies and the health system is needed to achieve fair, humane, and sustainable drug treatment, with a focus on comprehensive recovery for drug abusers.
EFEKTIVITAS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) DALAM MENINGKATKAN INKLUSIVITAS EKONOMI DAN MENGURANGI KESENJANGAN SOSIAL Gunawan Widjaja
JEBIMAN : Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis, Managemen dan Akuntansi Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): MEI
Publisher : CV. ADIBA AISHA AMIRA

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This study examines the effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in improving economic inclusiveness and reducing social inequality, using a literature review method. The results indicate that well-designed and implemented CSR programmes can contribute to community economic empowerment and the reduction of social inequality. Key factors influencing the success of CSR programmes include programme sustainability, active community involvement, alignment with local needs, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. However, this study also identifies several challenges and limitations in the use of CSR as a tool to address complex socio-economic issues. This study concludes that CSR can be an effective instrument in promoting economic inclusiveness and reducing social inequality, but it must be integrated with broader efforts involving government policies and civil society initiatives to achieve optimal and sustainable impact.
Co-Authors Aat Ruchiat Nugraha Abadi, Songga Aurora Abd. Basir Abdul Samad Arief Abdul Wahab Syakhrani Abdur Rahman Achmad Fazrin Adi Rumanto Waruwu Adrian Bima Putra Adrian Bima Putra Advitama, Dave Affandi Affandi Agus Supriyanto Agus Supriyanto Agustinus Nugroho Jati Aisyah, Shyavara Alam Anbari Anastasia Prestika Andina Rahmayani Andreani Dewanto Andreas Harry Andreas Harry Anggia Az Zahra Anindita Widyapradnya Annas Tasya N.A Annas Tasya N.A, Annisa Rachmawati, Dsk Putu Ayu L.A, Khaerunnisa Ade P., Muhammad Fachri, Pradita Ajeng S.A Annisa Purwo Hastuti Annisa Rachmawati Ari Rahmat Elsad Arif Rahman Baihaqi Arman Harahap Asep Saepullah Aslan Aslan Aslan Aslan Aswan Athalia Christine L Ayu Miya Maryani B.M.A.S. Anaconda Bangkara Bintan R. Saragih Brian Matthew Budi Suranto Bangun Cecep Suhardiman Cecep Suhardiman Cecep Suhardiman Cesarianti, Fransiska Milenia Chairunnissa Chairunnissa Christiawan, Rio Christina Herawati G Damun, Damun Danang Rahmat Surono Dave Advitama Delia Bazlina Deny Wicaksono, Deny Dhanudibroto, Handojo Dheas Syahreza Muslim Diana ., Diana Diana Laila Ramatillah Dimas Tripraditiya Dipo Pramudito Dipo Pramudito Dsk Putu Ayu L.A Dumilah Ayuningtyas Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Ekasari, Silvia Ekha Sri Sugiarti Elisabeth Purnama Massang Enna Budiman Enna Budiman Ersita Yustanti, Dyah Fachrurazi Farika Nikmah Farrel Abiyu Ramadhana Fitra Sri Rahayu Grace Riana H. Deni Salahuddin Hadenan Towpek Hadenan Towpek Halim , Adriansyah Handojo Dhanudibroto Handojo Dhanudibroto Handojo Dhanudibroto Handojo Dhanudibroto Hansel Kalama Hardijan Rusli, Hardijan Harry, Andreas Hatta, Ignatius Bambang Sukarno Hendra . Hendrawan Hendrawan Hendriarto, Prasetyono Heri Kustanto Hernita Hernita Hernita Hotma P. Sibuea Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Ita Nurcholifah Iyad Abdallah Al- Shreifeen Iyad Abdallah Al-Shreifeen Jahidin Kuswanto Januar Agung Saputera Jessica Francis Gunawan Jestin Justian Juliana, Juliana Junior B. Gregorius Karunia Ilham Karim Kevin Neil McVey Khaerunnisa Ade P. Khairul Nizam bin Zainal Badri Khalimi Khalimi Khalimi Lalu Syaifudin Lidya Cristy S Loso Judijanto M Reydhi Suwanda M Ruswan Talaohu M. Hafiz Aini M. Zahari Mahmudin, Tono Mailinda, Nur Martedjo, Wagiman Martin Maurer M.Marpaung Megasari Sijabat, Fittry Mellisa Efiyanti Mellisa Efiyanti Melyana Melyana Mervyn Mervyn Michael Matthew Michelle Angelika S Mika Anabelle Miya Maryani, Ayu Moch. Isra Hajiri Mochammad Roufal Moh. Imam Ishomuddin Zuhri Mohammad Ahmad Bani Amer Monica Monica Mowafg Abrahem Masuwd Muhammad Anas Ma`arif Muhammad Fachri Muhammad Ikhwan Muhammad Ikhwan Muhammad Nagieb Muhammad Naufal Arifiyanto Muhammad Rayyan Firdaus Muthia Rachman Nadila Citra Aprilia Naiborhu, Mesa Indra Ni Nyoman Ari Triantari Nini Putri Wijaya, Nini Putri Nofianty Helyo Novan Dzaky Pangestu Novi Puji Lestari Novi Rizky Ramadhani Novi Rizky Ramadhani Nugroho, Sudrajat Mukti Nur Ulfa Maulida Nurwita, Nurwita Oggy Satya Tambunan Olivia Pauline Hartanti Poetranto, Soeryo Pradita Ajeng S.A Puji Hastuti Rafa Zahirah Husein Rahadian Bayu Anggoro Rahardja, Tony Rahmat Nasution Raissa Arlyn Manikam Rajes Khana Ramdan Yusuf Renaldi Immanuel Panggabean Renaldi Immanuel Panggabean Retnaningtyas Insyira Retnaningtyas Insyira, Anggia Az Zahra, Nadila Citra Aprilia, Chairunnissa, Muhammad Rayyan Firdaus, Novan Dzaky Pangestu Reza Sutrianingtyas Rahayu Rianti Nurul Oktavia Rif'ah Rif'ah Rifa’at Hanifa Muslimah Rifa’at Hanifa Muslimah Rio Johan Putra Ririn Nurhidayanti Rizka Anindya Manjayani Rizky Yosa Adhi Prabowo Robby Sulivan, Robby Robert Iskandar Rumanto Waruwu, Adi Salmon Sihite Salsa Rizkya Samsuto, Samsuto Sanchita Bhattacharya Sanjaya, Aditya Santika Santika Sarah Ramadona Sardjana Orba Manullang Savira Lovianda Gunawan Sendi Sanjaya Sendi Sanjaya SH Septy Kusuma Septy Kusuma, Arif Rahman Baihaqi, M Ruswan Talaohu, Santika, Sarah Ramadona, Salsa Rizkya Setiawan, Lisno Shella Felicia Shohib MUSLIM Sihite, Salmon Silalahi, Yohanes B O Siti Hafifa Marlinda Putri Siti Nur Azizah Siti Rokayah Songga Aurora Abadi Songga Aurora Abadi Sri Sugiarti, Ekha Sudrajat, Maman Sukh Pawen Jit Kaur Sunnah, Sunnah Syavitri Ramadhani Sylvana, Yana Tahir, Usman Tamrin Tamrin Tanti Herawati Taufik Rahman Taupik Alpiyandi Theresia Vena Tiwi Siftiyani Rosidah Towpek, Hadenan Ummah, Iriaty Khairul Usman Tahir Viony Kresna Sumantri Vivin Caronia Wagiman WAGIMAN Wagiman Wagiman . Wagiman Wagiman WAHYUDI Wibowo Laksono Widodo Wibowo, Basuki Rekso Widjaja, Liza Wijaya, Hanna Wirawan, Vani Yana Sylvana Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yuli Supriani Yuri Anggi Yustinus Lambang Setyo Putro Yustinus Rurie Wirawan Yusuf, Ramdan Zainal Arifin