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All Journal JURNAL HUKUM NOTARIUS Jurnal Hukum Progresif Pandecta Abdimas Bestuur Yustisia Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Qistie: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Hukum Novelty Jurnal Daulat Hukum INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW STUDIES Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum LEGALITY Integritas: Jurnal Antikorupsi Al-Jinayah: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Islam Jambe Law Journal Jurnal Meta-Yuridis Jurnal Pengabdian Hukum Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Legal Community Engagement) JPHI YUSTISI Jambura Law Review Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education Law Research Review Quarterly JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Yustisi: Jurnal Hukum dan Hukum Islam Advances in Police Science Research Journal Fox Justi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal) Pancasila and Law Review Jurnal Dedikasi Hukum Jurnal Hukum Pelita Indonesia Law Review (ILREV) Semarang Law Review Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Jurnal Ilmiah Research and Development Student Hukum dan Politik dalam Berbagai Perspektif QOSIM: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial & Humaniora Causa: Jurnal Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan Journal of Law and Legal Reform The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education Pandecta : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Hukum (Research Law Journal) Lex Scientia Law Review Journal of Private and Commercial Law Jurnal Pengabdian Hukum Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services Indonesian Journal of Pancasila and Global Constitutionalism The Digest: Journal of Jurisprudence and legisprudence International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review Indonesia Media Law Review Law Research Review Quarterly Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies Resocia: International Journal of Applied Research and Innovation Indonesian Court and Justice Review
Anis Widyawati
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Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Reassessing Doli Incapax in the Digital Age: Implications for Juvenile Victims Arini Salsabila; Anis Widyawati
The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijicle.v8i1.49298

Abstract

Advances in digital technology have fundamentally transformed the nature of crimes involving children, while Indonesia’s juvenile criminal justice system continues to rely on the doctrine of doli incapax, a concept developed long before the emergence of the digital age. This article examines the contemporary relevance of the doli incapax doctrine, evaluates the inconsistency of age-based criminal responsibility under Law No. 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, and proposes a normative framework that balances the protection of juvenile offenders with substantive justice for victims. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches. The findings demonstrate that intensive exposure to digital environments has generated a cognitive–moral gap, in which children’s digital literacy and cognitive capabilities often exceed age-based assumptions underlying the doli incapax doctrine, while their moral judgment and emotional maturity remain underdeveloped. Consequently, the doctrine’s traditional presumption regarding children’s incapacity to understand the consequences of their actions becomes increasingly problematic in the digital context. Furthermore, the uniform age threshold adopted by the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law may systematically contribute to secondary victimization by limiting accountability mechanisms in cases involving serious harm. This article argues that reform is required through the adoption of a tiered accountability model based on rebuttable presumptions, the enhancement of victim restitution mechanisms, the establishment of special diversion rules for juvenile recidivists, the harmonization of juvenile justice regulations with digital governance frameworks, and the development of child forensic psychology infrastructure as a prerequisite for effective implementation. These reforms are necessary to ensure that juvenile justice remains responsive to technological developments while maintaining a fair balance between child protection and victims’ rights.
Legal Education and Child-Responsive Digital Reporting Systems for School Bullying Victims Anis Widyawati; Diyah Satya Retnani
The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): September (Article in Press)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijicle.v8i3.55963

Abstract

School bullying remains a significant challenge in educational institutions, affecting children's psychological well-being, academic performance, and access to justice. Despite the existence of legal protection frameworks and anti-bullying policies, many cases remain unreported due to fear of retaliation, limited legal awareness, social stigma, and the absence of child-friendly reporting mechanisms. This study aims to examine the role of legal education as the foundation for developing child-responsive digital reporting systems and to analyze the implementation of SI GETAK as an innovative mechanism for protecting school bullying victims. Employing a qualitative empirical socio-legal approach, the study combines regulatory analysis, literature review, and empirical findings obtained through interviews with educational stakeholders, including school administrators, teachers, students, and local education authorities. The findings reveal that legal education enhances students' understanding of their rights, encourages reporting behavior, and strengthens access to justice for bullying victims. Furthermore, the implementation of SI GETAK demonstrates that digital reporting systems can provide accessible, confidential, and child-friendly channels for reporting bullying incidents while facilitating coordination among schools, parents, counselors, and relevant authorities. Based on these findings, this study proposes a Legal Education-Based Child-Responsive Digital Reporting Framework consisting of five interconnected dimensions: legal education and rights awareness, child-friendly digital reporting access, integrated protection and case management, restorative justice and victim recovery, and institutional accountability and monitoring. The study contributes to the existing literature by integrating legal education, child protection principles, and digital reporting technologies into a comprehensive framework that strengthens child protection and promotes safer educational environments in the digital era.
Protecting Children in the Judicial Process: Is the Indonesian Legal System Child-Friendly? Rasdi Rasdi; Anis Widyawati
Indonesian Court and Justice Review Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): February, 2025
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/hdr78233

Abstract

Ensuring child-friendly justice is a fundamental component of a rights-based legal system. In Indonesia, while legislative reforms—such as the Juvenile Justice System Law (Law No. 11/2012)—aim to protect children's rights during legal proceedings, implementation gaps persist. This study evaluates the extent to which the Indonesian legal system upholds child protection principles in criminal and civil judicial processes. Drawing on case analysis, field observations in child courts, and interviews with judges, lawyers, and child protection agencies, the research assesses procedural safeguards, restorative justice practices, and institutional support for child litigants. The findings indicate that although progress has been made in establishing special courts and diverting children from detention, significant challenges remain: lack of trained personnel, inadequate victim support systems, and limited awareness among law enforcement. Furthermore, the adversarial nature of courtrooms often fails to accommodate the psychological needs of children, especially in sensitive cases like abuse or custody disputes. This study’s novelty lies in its empirical grounding and child-centered approach, offering a multidimensional evaluation of the justice system’s responsiveness to children’s rights. It contributes to the broader discussion on legal reform by emphasizing the need for systemic changes in judicial attitudes, courtroom procedures, and inter-agency coordination. The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at strengthening child-sensitive justice in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Ade Adhari Ade Adhari Ade Adhari Ade Adhari Ade Adhari Adiba Ro’uf Danur Islam Adilia Putri Kusuma Adilia Putri Kusuma Adiyatma, Septhian Eka Akbar, Sulthan Faiz Akhmad Khalimy Al Asy’Arie, Muhammad Asadullah Hasan Aldita Evan Primaha Ali Masyhar Ali Masyhar Mursyid Amel Ellsamia Indiyani Amel Ellsamia Indiyani Amir, Ameerah binti Annisa Suci Rosana Aprilia, Indah Siti Ardi Sirajudin Ra'uf Ardi Sirajudin Ra'uf Ardi Sirajudin Ra’uf Arif Hidayat Arini Salsabila Aryani, Fajar Dian Asmarani Ramli ASYAFFA RIDZQI AMANDHA Baehaqi Basrawi Basrawi Bearlly Deo Syahputra Bhanu Prakash Nunna Choirul Fuad Choirul Fuad Darius Andana Haris Daud Renata Candra Ramadan Deo Renaldi Saputra Deo Syahputra, Bearlly Desiana, Wahyu Dewastyana, Jessica Dewi Sulistianingsih Dian Latifiani Dian Latifiani Didik Purnomo Didik Purnomo, Didik Divia Avril Yuniar Diyah Satya Retnani Duhita Driyah Suprapti Dwi Budi Santoso Dwiky Chandra Elang Rinjani Utara Eram Tunggul Pawenang Eram Tunggul Pawenang Falikha Ardiyani Zjubaidi Fernando, Zico Junius Firman Erry Probo Fitha Ayun Lutvia Nitha Fransisca Iriani Roesmala Dewi Fuad, Choirul Ginta Amelia Cahya Gusthomi, Moh. Imam Hanifa Saesti Handayani Hanifah, Wahyu Nur Helda Rahmasari Helda Rahmasari Helda Rahmasari Helda Rahmasari Henri Pelupessi, Ignatius Herry Subondo Heru Setyanto Heru Setyanto Heru Setyanto Heru Setyanto Heru Setyanto hidayat, muhammad thaufik Hidayatuzzakia, Hana Hikam, Anwar Lutfil Hutabarat, Rugun Romaida Ilyasa, Raden Muhammad Arvy Indah Anisykurlillah Indah Sri Utari Indra Ardiansyah Indung Wijayanto Irsan Rahman Islam, Adiba Ro'uf Danur Iyan Nurdiyan Haris Joko Susanto JOKO SUSANTO Julya Paulina Siburian Justika Hairani Karinda, Risna Kasmanto Rinaldi Kiki Kristanto Kusuma, Bagus Hendradi Leony Sondang Suryani Leony Sondang Suryani Lulus Rahma Putra Lyna Latifah Lyna Latifah Manalu, Michael Rio Hamonangan Mardana Rifta Oktaviana Martitah Maskur, M. Azil Masrukhi Masrukhi Moh Imam Gusthomi Moh. Fadhil Mubarak, Kareem Mubarokah, Wakhidatul Muhammad Azil Maskur Muhammad Azil Maskur Muhammad Iqbal Baiquni Muhammad Thaufik Hidayat Muhammad Zaidan Dhiya' Ulhaq Muhammad Zaidan Dhiya' Ulhaq Muhtar Hadi Wibowo Muslikah Muslikah Musmuliadin Musmuliadin Nadela Justicea Nasrulloh, Rully Neneng Tasu'ah Nte, Ngaboawaji Daniel Nte, Ngboawaji Daniel Nur Arif Nugraha Nur Rochaeti, Nur Nurul Fibrianti Ompoy, Genjie Panggih Kusuma Ningrum Panusunan Panusunan Pratama Herry Herlambang Pratama Herry Herlambang Primerta Putri Hapsari Pujiyono Pujiyono Pujiyono Pujiyono R. Kemala Nababan Raden Muhammad Arvy Ilyasa Rafa Reihan Pradipa Rahmawati Melati Sani Rahmawati Melati Sani Rahmiati Rahmiati Rahmiati Rahmiati Ramadan, Daud Renata Candra Randy Pradityo Randy Pradityo Rasdi - Rasdi Rasdi Rasdi Rasdi, Rasdi Ridwan Arifin Ridwan Arifin Risna Karinda Rodiyah - Rohadhatul Aisy Rohmat Rohmat Roy Priyono Ryan Cahya Perdana5 Sabri, Zaharuddin Sani Ahmah Salman Alfarisi Sani, Rahmawati Melati Seni Ira Maya Rasidah Seni Ira Maya Rasidah Septhian Eka Adiyatma Septhian Eka Adiyatma Setya Putra, Royce Wijaya Setyanto, Heru Setyowati, Ro'fah Shidarta Shidarta Shofriya Qonitatin Abidah Shofriya Qonitatin Abidah Siti Amatil Ulfiyah Siti Amatil Ulfiyah Smith, Arthur Sonny Saptoajie Wicaksono Subondo, Herry Sudirman SItepu Sudirman Sitepu Sumartono, Nike Natasya Dewi Surip Surip Surip Surip Suryani, Leony Sondang Syahputra, Bearlly Deo Tania, Neysa Teeraphan, Papontee Trias Saputra Utami, Putri Dwi Wahyu Sinta Dewi Pramudita Wayan P. Windia Wibowo, Muhtar Hadi Wijayanti, Zulfa Rena Yaspri Muzwim Yudhistira Gilang Perdana Yustina Dhian Novita Zaki, Nurul Natasha Binti Muhammad Zjubaidi, Falikha Ardiyani Zulfa Rena Wijayanti