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The Effect of a Combination of Activated Carbon and Bentonite on Reducing COD, BOD, and TSS Levels in Tofu Industry Wastewater Barita Aritonang; Ahmad Hafizullah Ritonga; Karnirius Harefa; Dicky Yuswardi Wiratma; herlina herlina
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/cbxjb379

Abstract

Wastewater produced from tofu manufacturing typically contains substantial amounts of organic substances and suspended particles. The concentrations of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) frequently surpass the permissible thresholds established in the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry (Permen LHK) No. P.16 of 2019. Such high levels of pollutants may degrade water quality and pose risks to both aquatic ecosystems and public health in nearby areas. This study investigates the efficiency of combining activated carbon and bentonite, in both raw and activated forms, for reducing BOD, COD, and TSS concentrations in wastewater originating from tofu industries. The BOD test was performed using a five-day incubation at 24 °C, COD was analysed via the closed reflux method, and TSS was quantified using the gravimetric approach. Adsorbent characteristics were examined in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), supported by functional group analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and morphological observation with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that activation enhanced pore development and improved the adsorption capability of both materials. The combined activated carbon and bentonite effectively decreased BOD from 3,600 mg/L to 140 mg/L, COD from 1,500 mg/L to 185 mg/L, and TSS from 320 mg/L to 270 mg/L. All treated parameters met the regulatory quality standards, indicating that the activated mixture of these adsorbents provides an efficient and environmentally sound method for treating tofu processing wastewater.
Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Combined Turmeric Rhizome Extract (Curcuma longa L.) and Hydroxyapatite in Male White Mice (Mus musculus) Ahmad Hafizullah Ritonga; Fatma Amelia; Herlina Herlina; Barita Aritonang; Karnirius Harefa
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/garnbm90

Abstract

Inflammation is a protective response of the body to tissue injury that needs to be controlled to prevent further damage. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is effective; however, it has the potential to cause side effects, so safer alternatives are needed. Turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) is known to have anti-inflammatory activity, while hydroxyapatite (HA) is biocompatible and has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of the combination. This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of the combination of turmeric rhizome ethanolic extract and HA in male white mice (Mus musculus). This research method uses an experimental design with an acute inflammation model induced by intraplanar injection of 1% carrageenan. A total of 25 mice were divided into five groups: negative control (0.5% Na-CMC), positive control (diclofenac sodium), and three treatment groups at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. Edema volume was measured every 1 hour for 6 hours and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a post hoc test. The results of this study showed that all treatment groups exerted anti-inflammatory effects compared to the negative control, as indicated by decreases in edema volume and the percentage of inflammation and increases in the percentage of inhibition of inflammation, with the 1.5% concentration showing the most optimal effect. These findings indicate that the combination of turmeric rhizome ethanolic extract and HA has potential as an effective anti-inflammatory agent in male white mice.
The Influence of Activated Carbon Produced from Duck Eggshells as an Adsorbent for Free Fatty Acid Content of Used Cooking Oilc Barita Aritonang; Ahmad Hafizullah Ritonga; Karnirius Harefa; Herlina Herlina; Dicky Yuswardi Wiratma
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/r6vzyw08

Abstract

The repeated use of cooking oil can lead to a decline in oil quality and an increase in free fatty acid (FFA) levels, which may pose adverse health effects when consumed continuously. Therefore, an effective, safe, and sustainable purification method is required to improve the quality of used cooking oil. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of activated carbon derived from duck eggshell waste in reducing FFA levels in used cooking oil. The research employed a laboratory experimental method with a post-test only control group design. Samples of used cooking oil were selected purposively based on a level of degradation representative of real conditions. The preparation of activated carbon began with the carbonisation of duck eggshells, followed by chemical activation using a 3 M phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) solution to enhance surface area and adsorbent porosity. The resulting activated carbon was then applied in the adsorption process of used cooking oil. FFA levels were analysed using the alkalimetric titration method. The results showed that the activated carbon significantly reduced FFA levels from 1.57% to 0.22%, with a reduction efficiency of 75%. This final value complies with the quality standard for cooking oil according to SNI 3741:2013 (≤0.3%). Furthermore, the produced activated carbon exhibited favourable characteristics, as indicated by a high iodine adsorption capacity and well-developed pore structure. In conclusion, activated carbon derived from duck eggshells is effective as an adsorbent for reducing FFA levels in used cooking oil and shows strong potential as an environmentally friendly and economically valuable solution.
Effectiveness Test of a 96% Ethanolic Extract Cream of Sambung Nyawa Leaves (Gynura procumbens L.) on Incision Wounds in Male White Rats Chandra Pranata; Hasni Yaturramadhan Harahap; Herlina Herlina; Anissa Jelita Silitonga
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/fh42gn18

Abstract

Background: A major challenge in wound care is the high risk of infection and the relatively prolonged healing process. Synthetic antiseptics such as povidone iodine remain widely used as first-line therapy; however, prolonged use has been reported to cause adverse effects, including tissue irritation and the potential to delay epithelialization under certain conditions. Therefore, alternative therapies that are safer, more effective, and accessible to the community are needed. One promising approach involves the use of traditional medicinal plants known to possess antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, and antibacterial properties. Sambung Nyawa leaves (Gynura procumbens L.) have been empirically used in Indonesia to treat various health conditions, including skin wounds. This study aimed to evaluate the wound healing effect of an ethanol extract cream of Sambung Nyawa leaves and to determine the most effective concentration for incision wound healing. Methods: A true experimental method with a post-test only control group design was employed. The study subjects were male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) with standardized incision wounds. The animals were treated with Sambung Nyawa leaf extract cream at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20%, along with a positive control group (povidone iodine) and a negative control group. The observed parameter was wound diameter following treatment. Results: The findings indicated that the 20% cream concentration demonstrated the fastest healing time, followed by the 10% and 5% concentrations, the positive control, and the negative control. Differences in wound diameter among treatment groups suggest that Sambung Nyawa leaf extract has the potential to accelerate the wound healing process. Conclusion: Cream formulations containing 5%, 10%, and 20% extract exhibited effectiveness relatively comparable to povidone iodine, indicating their potential for development as a natural alternative therapy for incision wounds.
Formulation and Evaluation of Bioactive Gelatin from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Scales as an Antioxidant-Based Anti-Aging Cream Herlina Herlina; Suci Wulandari; Barita Aritonang; Amelia Putri Eflynia; Lasmaryna Sirumapea
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/nnzg2676

Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable, bioactive cosmetic ingredients has driven the use of marine by-products as alternative raw materials. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) scales, an abundant aquaculture waste, are rich in collagen that can be converted into gelatin with potential dermatological applications. This study aimed to develop and evaluate bioactive gelatin derived from tilapia scales as an antioxidant-based anti-aging cream. Gelatin was extracted with 15% acetic acid and characterized by physicochemical parameters, including yield (4.6%), moisture content (12%), and ash content (2.2%), all of which met SNI standards. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method, yielding an IC₅₀ value of 139.46 ppm, indicating moderate to weak antioxidant activity. The gelatin was formulated into cream preparations at concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, and 2%, and the formulations were evaluated for stability, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and irritation. Anti-aging efficacy was assessed using a skin analyzer, showing improvements in skin moisture and sebum balance, with the 1% formulation demonstrating optimal performance. Although the antioxidant activity was relatively low, topical application of gelatin contributed to measurable anti-aging effects. These findings highlight the potential of tilapia scale-derived gelatin as a sustainable bioactive ingredient for cosmeceutical applications.
Optimizing platelet count assessment: the potential of celery leaves (Apium graveolens linn) as a sustainable alternative to EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid) Herlina H; ANGELIKA SINAGA; AGNES OCTAVIA DAMANIK; ASVIA RAHAYU; LASMARYNA SIRUMAPEA
Medistra Medical Journal (MMJ) Vol 1 No 2 (2024): Medistra Medical Journal (MMJ)
Publisher : Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/mmj.v1i2.2092

Abstract

Seledri (Apium graveolens linn) mengandung flavonoid, fitosterol, vitamin K dan apigenin. Apigenin memiliki sifat sebagai vasodilator, yang memperlebar pembuluh darah dengan cara menghambat kontraksi yang disebabkan oleh pelepasan kalsium, mirip dengan mekanisme kerja antagonis kalsium. Antagonis kalsium bekerja dengan menurunkan tekanan darah melalui pemblokiran masuknya kalsium ke dalam aliran darah, mekanisme tersebut mirip dengan EDTA dan berpotensi sebagai antikoagulan yang menghambat agregasi trombosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi daun seledri sebagai pengganti EDTA pada pemeriksaan jumlah trombosit. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen, dengan Modifikasi pembuatan larutan seledri pada konsentrasi 30% dan 40%. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa larutan seledri 40% memberikan hasil hitung trombosit sebesar 196.000 sel/ul dan memiliki efek yang sama dengan antikoagulan EDTA sebagai kontrol. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara seledri dan dengan konsentrasi 40% dengan EDTA, dan hal terbukti lebih efektif sebagai alternatif pengganti EDTA dalam pemeriksaan jumlah trombosit.
Utilization Of Butterfly Pea Flowers (Clioria ternate L.) In Gram Staining Of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Bacteria DIAN HASTARI NINGRUM; Herlina Herlina; Visensius Krisdianilo; Andy Febriady
Medistra Medical Journal (MMJ) Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Medistra Medical Journal (MMJ)
Publisher : Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/mmj.v2i1.2377

Abstract

Introduction : Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) is one of the most commonly found plants.  Butterfly pea flowers contain anthocyanins which are abundant in the flowers and play a role in giving red, violet-blue color to the flowers. Anthocyanins are the main molecules of plant colorants. The potential of anthocyanins in butterfly pea flowers can be used as a natural coloring reagent. Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine whether telang flower extract can be used as a substitute for gentian violet in Gram staining. Method : The research method used is experimental. Result : The results of Gram staining research using original pH butterfly pea flower extract at concentrations of 1:10, 2:10, 3:10, 4:10, and pH 5 butterfly pea flower extract at concentrations of 1:10, 2:10, 3:10, 4:10, 5:10 on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria showed poor bacterial staining results because the bacteria were not purple while the original pH butterfly pea flower extract at a concentration of 5:10 showed good staining results because the bacteria were purple. While in Escherichia coli bacteria, butterfly pea flower extract shows good staining results because the bacteria are red. Conclusion : Data analysis using the Kruskal Wallis test obtained Asymp. Sig (0.000) <0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in Gram staining using gentian violet and telang flower extract with variations in pH and composition as a substitute for gentian violet.
The Effectiveness of Cupping Therapy in Reducing Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients at Citra Medika 3 Limau Manis Clinic Herlina H; Sri Nur Yana; Chandra Pranata
Medistra Medical Journal (MMJ) Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Medistra Medical Journal (MMJ)
Publisher : Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/mmj.v2i1.2378

Abstract

Hypertension, a medical condition characterized by chronically elevated blood pressure, is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases. Although asymptomatic in its early stages, hypertension can lead to serious complications in the cardiovascular system and other vital organs. Cupping therapy is a complementary treatment modality that has been used as an alternative approach to manage hypertension. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of wet cupping therapy in lowering blood pressure. The method employed involves the application of wet cupping therapy on patients with hypertension. The study results indicate that cupping therapy significantly lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients, as evidenced by the Wilcoxon test showing a significant difference before and after the intervention. Based on the effectiveness of wet cupping therapy in lowering blood pressure, it shows potential for development as an alternative treatment for hypertension.
Evaluation of Creatinine Levels as an Indicator of Kidney Function in Diabetes Mellitus Patients at RSU Haji Medan Herlina Herlina
Medistra Medical Journal (MMJ) Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Medistra Medical Journal (MMJ)
Publisher : Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/mmj.v2i2.2665

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that can lead to serious complications, including impaired kidney function. Serum creatinine is one of the key parameters used to evaluate renal function in diabetic patients, as its concentration remains relatively stable and is not significantly influenced by protein intake. This study aimed to assess the profile of serum creatinine levels in patients with T2DM at RSU Haji Medan as an early indicator of potential renal complications. A descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. The study involved a total of 25 hospitalized T2DM patients who underwent serum creatinine testing. All available medical records were included as the sample. Out of 25 patients, 15 (60%) showed creatinine levels within the normal range, while 10 patients (40%) had elevated creatinine levels. The mean creatinine concentration was 2.42 mg/dL in male patients and 0.85 mg/dL in female patients. The findings indicate that a portion of T2DM patients have already experienced reduced kidney function. Regular monitoring of serum creatinine is essential for early detection and prevention of diabetic kidney complications.
Analysis of Risk and the Hazardous Chemical Waste Management System at Sembiring Regional General Hospital Delitua Herlina Herlina
JURNAL KEPERAWATAN DAN FISIOTERAPI (JKF) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Keperawatan dan Fisioterapi (JKF)
Publisher : Fakultas Keperawatan dan Fisioterapi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/dxdj9r93

Abstract

Background: Hospitals generate hazardous chemical waste (B3) that may harm human health and the environment if improperly managed. Objective: This study aims to analyze the waste management system and risk associated with B3 waste at RSU Sembiring Delitua. Research Methods: A descriptive analytic study using a mixed-methods approach was conducted. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, KAP questionnaires (Knowledge, Attitude, Practice), and document analysis. Risk assessment was performed using the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) method. Results: While the waste management system covers basic procedures, weaknesses were identified in waste segregation, inadequate storage facilities, and insufficient personal protective equipment use. The highest risk was found in the storage process (risk score 12, very high category). Conclusion: Gaps remain between knowledge, attitudes, and practices in chemical waste management. Continuous training, improved facilities, and a strengthened safety culture based on risk management are necessary to enhance hazardous waste management systems in hospitals.
Co-Authors AGNES OCTAVIA DAMANIK Ahmad Hafizullah Ritonga Ajeng Prahesti Alinur, Alinur Alwi Fahruzy Nasution Amelia Putri Eflynia Andhika Sentoso Andy Febriady ANGELIKA SINAGA Anissa Jelita Silitonga Ardi Ardi Aritonang, Barita Asvia Rahayu Asvia Rahayu Asvia Rahayu Barus, Ester Julianti Karolina Buchari Buchari Chandra Pranata Daulay, Dicky Edwar Desi Paramita Dewi Sartika Munthe DIAN HASTARI NINGRUM Dicky Yuswardi Wiratma Efrizah, Doni Fatma Amelia Felix Kasim Fransiskus Gultom, Fransiskus Hani, Sheila Harahap, Fitri Ramadani Harahap, Mutiara Hatni Hasni Yaturramadhan Harahap Hasni Yaturramadhan Harahap Helman Helman, Helman Hetty Elfina Hilma Hilma, Hilma Ihsanul Hafiz julian, julian Karnirius Harefa Lasmaryna Sirumapea Lasmaryna Sirumapea Lasmaryna Sirumapea Lubis, Basyariah Lumban Batu, Fider Maryani Maryani Masitah, Tina Herianty Megawati Sinambela Melda Astrika Sianipar Mellinda, Mellinda Misdawati, Misdawati Muhammad Ali Zulfikar Muhammad Ali Zulfikar Muhammad Razali Muthawali, Dede Ibrahim Naomi Geraldin Sinaga Napitupulu, Erni Malinda Nasution, M.Dandy Resafahlevi Novi Yanti Nurlela Petra Saragih Nursaputri, Ika Pitriani Putri Nuraimun Simanjuntak Razali, Muhammad RINI RINI Rizqa Hafizhah Harahap Rotua Sumihar Sitorus Samah, Eri Shofian Syarifuddin Sibuea, Nurhalimah Sirait, Reni Aprinawaty Siregar, Imanuddin Sirumapea Sirumapea Sri Nur Yana Suci Wulandari Suprianto Suprianto Supriono Supriono Suwianto, Suwianto Tarigan, Purnaya Sari Teja Rinanda Visensius Krisdianilo Widyaningsih, Fadlilah Yaturramadhan Harahap, Hasni Yosi Darmirani Yusri Yusri