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All Journal Jurnal Intelektualita: Keislaman, Sosial, dan Sains Pembaharuan Hukum Jurnal Akta Jurnal Ius Constituendum Jurnal Hukum Magnum Opus Unes Law Review JURNAL ILMIAH HUKUM DIRGANTARA Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Transparansi Hukum KRTHA BHAYANGKARA Jurnal Hukum Sasana JOPPAS: Journal of Public Policy and Administration Silampari RIO LAW JURNAL International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) FOCUS: Journal of Social Studies IBLAM Law Review International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC) Jurnal Hukum Sehasen Journal Evidence Of Law Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review (JILPR) Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Jurnal Smart Hukum (JSH) JURNAL MITRA MANAJEMEN LEX LAGUENS: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan LEX OMNIBUS : JURNAL HUKUM TATA NEGARA DAN ADMINISTRASI NEGARA Syura: Journal of Law MALA IN SE : JURNAL HUKUM PIDANA, KRIMINOLOGI DAN VIKTIMOLOGI Jurnal Bakti Dirgantara IPSSJ Indonesian Journal of Research in Islamic Studies Corpus Juris : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Humaniora
Selamat Lumban Gaol
Universitas Dirgantara Marsekal Suryadarma
Religion Arts Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Comparative Study of Construction Contract Dispute Resolution Mechanisms between Indonesia and Singapore Natasya Yunita Sugiastuti; Ani Purwati; Wardatul Fitri; Salwa Faeha Hanim; Selamat Lumban Gaol
JURNAL AKTA Vol 13, No 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Program Magister (S2) Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This study examines and compares the legal foundations and practical mechanisms for resolving construction contract disputes in Indonesia and Singapore, an area where in-depth comparative research remains limited. The study aims to analyze similarities and differences in the legal frameworks, institutional arrangements, and procedural effectiveness of dispute resolution in both jurisdictions, and to explore how Singapore’s practices might inform reform in Indonesia. Using a qualitative socio-legal approach with a comparative research design, data were collected from statutory regulations, case law, and doctrinal literature, supplemented by semi-structured interviews with legal practitioners, arbitrators, and adjudicators in both countries. Findings show that Singapore’s framework, anchored by the Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act (SOPA) and the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC), delivers faster resolution timelines and greater predictability through specialized statutory adjudication, whereas Indonesia’s system, governed by Law Number 2 of 2017 on Construction Services and BANI arbitration rules, remains hampered by procedural delays and limited enforcement efficiency. Singapore’s statutory adjudication model therefore offers a viable reference point for reforming Indonesia’s construction dispute resolution regime, with potential to enhance legal certainty, efficiency, and investor confidence.
Import Regulations and the Protection of Domestic Products: An Indonesian Economic Law Perspective Selamat Lumban Gaol; Zulfikri; Johannes Triestanto; Annisa Aminda; Raudhotul Jannah
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) (Special Issue) - International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) April 202
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i2.9999

Abstract

Import regulation is a crucial instrument within national economic policy, playing a significant role in controlling the inflow of foreign goods while safeguarding the sustainability of domestic industries. From the perspective of Indonesian economic law, import policies are not solely aimed at fulfilling domestic market demands but are also designed to maintain a balance between trade liberalization and national interests. This study seeks to examine the legal framework governing import activities as well as the various forms of protection provided to domestic products. The research employs a normative juridical method, utilizing both statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by a comprehensive review of legal literature and secondary data sources. The findings indicate that the Indonesian government has implemented a range of protective measures, including tariff-based instruments such as import duties, as well as non-tariff measures like quotas, technical standards, and the Domestic Component Level (TKDN) policy. These mechanisms are intended to strengthen the competitiveness of local industries and reduce dependency on imported goods. However, in practice, several challenges persist, including regulatory inconsistencies across sectors, weak enforcement mechanisms, and external pressures from global trade regimes that emphasize market openness. These issues highlight the need for more adaptive, integrated, and sustainable policies to ensure a proper balance between protecting domestic industries and fulfilling international trade commitments.
Sosialisasi Bahaya dan Pencegahan Kejahatan Narkotika Bagi Generasi Muda di Lingkungan Karang Taruna Rukun Warga (RW) 08, Kelurahan Halim Perdana Kusuma, Kecamatan Makasar, Jakarta Timur Indah Sari; Selamat Lumban Gaol; Subhan Zein Sgn; Ardison Asri; Suwito Suwito; Widiraharjo Widiraharjo; Luis Bayu Gustian Erlangga; Daffa Dwi Apriansyah
Jurnal Bakti Dirgantara Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Bakti Dirgantara
Publisher : Universitas Dirgantara Marsekal Suryadarma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35968/wvh1ke28

Abstract

Maraknya tindak pidana narkotika yang melibatkan generasi muda menunjukkan masih rendahnya pemahaman dan kesadaran hukum masyarakat terhadap bahaya serta pencegahan penyalahgunaan narkotika. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran hukum generasi muda, khususnya anggota Karang Taruna Rukun Warga (RW) 08 Kelurahan Halim Perdana Kusuma, Kecamatan Makasar, Jakarta Timur, mengenai bahaya dan pencegahan kejahatan narkotika. Metode yang digunakan meliputi penyuluhan hukum melalui ceramah, diskusi interaktif, simulasi kasus, serta evaluasi menggunakan pretest dan posttest. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman peserta terkait pengertian, jenis, dampak, serta sanksi hukum penyalahgunaan narkotika, yang tercermin dari perbandingan hasil pretest dan posttest serta tingginya partisipasi peserta dalam sesi diskusi. Meskipun demikian, keterbatasan waktu pelaksanaan menjadi kendala dalam pendalaman materi secara menyeluruh. Kegiatan ini memberikan kontribusi positif dalam menumbuhkan kesadaran hukum masyarakat dan menegaskan pentingnya keberlanjutan program sosialisasi serta kerja sama periodik dengan Badan Narkotika Nasional Kota (BNNK) Jakarta Timur sebagai upaya pencegahan narkotika berbasis komunitas.   The increasing involvement of young people in narcotics-related crimes indicates a low level of legal awareness and understanding regarding the dangers and prevention of narcotics abuse. This Community Service Program (PkM) aimed to enhance legal knowledge and awareness among the younger generation, particularly members of the Youth Organization in Neighborhood Association (RW) 08, Halim Perdana Kusuma Village, Makasar District, East Jakarta. The program employed legal counseling methods through lectures, interactive discussions, case simulations, and evaluation using pretest and posttest instruments. The results demonstrated an improvement in participants’ understanding of the definition, types, impacts, and legal sanctions related to narcotics abuse, as reflected in the comparison between pretest and posttest outcomes and the high level of participant engagement during discussions. However, limited time allocation constrained the depth of material delivery. This program contributes positively to strengthening community-based legal awareness and highlights the importance of sustainable outreach activities and periodic collaboration with the East Jakarta City National Narcotics Agency (BNNK) in preventing narcotics abuse.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen dalam Transaksi Elektronik (E-Commerce) di Indonesia Naafi Fathurrahman Halim; Selamat Lumban Gaol
Journal Evidence Of Law Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Journal Evidence Of Law (Desember)
Publisher : CV. Era Digital Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59066/jel.v4i3.1612

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan hukum perlindungan konsumen dalam transaksi e-commerce di Indonesia serta menelaah penerapannya dalam praktik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum konsumen dalam transaksi elektronik diatur terutama dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik beserta perubahannya. Namun demikian, dalam implementasinya masih terdapat berbagai kendala, terutama terkait penegakan hukum dan rendahnya kesadaran konsumen terhadap hak-haknya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan regulasi, peningkatan pengawasan pemerintah, serta sosialisasi hukum yang berkelanjutan guna mewujudkan transaksi e-commerce yang aman, adil, dan memberikan kepastian hukum bagi konsumen.
The Business Judgment Rule in Corporate Law: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Singapore Selamat Lumban Gaol
Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum Vol 12, No 3 (2025): Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum
Publisher : UNISSULA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26532/jph.v12i3.48196

Abstract

The Business Judgement Rule (BJR) is a fundamental doctrine in corporate governance that provides directors with protection when making informed, good-faith business decisions, while maintaining accountability to shareholders. As jurisdictions develop distinct approaches to balancing managerial discretion and oversight, differences in BJR application significantly influence legal certainty, director liability, and shareholder protection. This study aims to compare BJR implementation in Indonesia and Singapore, focusing on legal frameworks, judicial interpretations, and their implications for corporate governance effectiveness. Using a normative juridical method with a comparative law approach, the analysis reveals Singapore’s robust BJR framework, supported by clear jurisprudence and strong governance practices that consistently protect prudent directors. Conversely, Indonesia faces challenges due to the absence of explicit BJR codification in the Limited Liability Companies Act and inconsistent judicial interpretations, leading to uncertainty in determining director responsibility. These contrasts arise from differing legal traditions and regulatory structures. The study concludes that Indonesia should strengthen its regulatory framework and promote judicial consistency to enhance the role of BJR in ensuring good corporate governance and balancing director responsibilities with shareholder rights.
A Reconstruction of the Business Judgment Rule Doctrine from the Perspective of Modern Civil Law: Between Director Protection and Corporate Accountability Selamat Lumban Gaol; Mawardi Mawardi; Abdulwahab Abdullah Al-Maamari
Syura: Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam (STAI) Darul Ulum Banyuanyar Pamekasan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58223/syura.v4i2.815

Abstract

The business judgment rule (BJR) is a fundamental doctrine in corporate law that provides legal protection to directors for business decisions made in the course of managing a company. Such protection applies as long as the decisions are taken in good faith, with due care, and within the scope of their lawful authority. In practice, this doctrine functions to prevent excessive interference in business policies, which inherently involve risk and uncertainty. However, along with the development of modern civil law, which increasingly emphasizes the principles of justice, transparency, and accountability, the BJR doctrine requires conceptual reconstruction to prevent its misuse as a shield against legal responsibility. This study aims to examine the concept of the BJR within the framework of Indonesian positive law and to formulate a reconstruction model that is more responsive to the dynamics of modern civil law. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The analysis is conducted through a review of primary and secondary legal sources related to directors’ liability and the duty of care in corporate governance. The findings indicate that the regulation of the BJR in Indonesia still contains normative ambiguities, particularly concerning the parameters of good faith and the standards of due care, which have not been clearly and objectively defined. The novelty of this study lies in proposing a reconstruction model of the business judgment rule based on objective parameters for assessing good faith and due care. This study contributes a normative framework to strengthen legal protection for directors while reinforcing the principle of corporate accountability. Therefore, a reconstruction of the BJR doctrine is necessary through the strengthening of objective parameters, enhancement of transparency in decision-making processes, and reinforcement of corporate accountability principles in order to achieve a balance between the protection of directors and legal responsibility.
Juridical Review of the Role of Notary in the Preparation of Land Sale and Purchase Deed in Indonesia Bram B Baan; Otti Ilham Khair; Sulis Setyowati; Loso Judijanto; Selamat Lumban Gaol
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i3.4818

Abstract

The transfer of land rights to purchase and sell land must be conducted under the supervision of an authorized official, commonly known as a Land Deed Official (PPAT) in this context. The authority to execute a legally binding land deed is vested in a Notary. Nevertheless, in this instance, notaries are prohibited from drafting deeds pertaining to land unless they have successfully completed the requisite examination to become a Land Deed Official (PPAT). Furthermore, deeds may be made by the subdistrict head, who acts as a temporary PPAT. The methodology employed by the author is normative legal research (doctrinal legal research). Normative legal research is a form of pure normative legal research, in which the problem under study is a legal scientific one, such as those pertaining to justice, order, and the agreement of will, among others. This research does not concern itself with the legal facts that exist in society. The findings of this research indicate that the role of a notary in the process of making a land sale and purchase deed is limited to the pre-sale of land or the making of an agreement between the seller and the buyer. It can be concluded that only a PPAT (land deed official) is authorized to prepare and execute a land sale and purchase deed.
Optimalisasi Mekanisme Asset Recovery dalam Tindak Pidana Penipuan: Analisis Efektivitas Peran Jaksa Berdasarkan Prinsip Keadilan Restoratif Ade Sathya Sanathana Ishwara; Toha Masrur; Cut Fadhlan Akhyar; Muhammad Irwan; Selamat Lumban Gaol
RIO LAW JURNAL Vol 6, No 2 (2025): Rio Law Jurnal
Publisher : Universitas Muara Bungo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36355/rlj.v6i2.1864

Abstract

ABSTRAK Tindak pidana penipuan merupakan salah satu kejahatan yang paling merugikan masyarakat karena selain menimbulkan kerugian material, juga menimbulkan ketidakpercayaan terhadap sistem hukum. Salah satu tantangan utama dalam penanganannya adalah optimalisasi mekanisme asset recovery guna mengembalikan kerugian korban secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas peran jaksa dalam proses asset recovery dengan menggunakan pendekatan prinsip keadilan restoratif, sehingga tidak hanya menitikberatkan pada penghukuman, tetapi juga pemulihan hak-hak korban. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, serta doktrin hukum yang relevan, kemudian dikaji melalui analisis kualitatif. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan prinsip keadilan restoratif memberikan ruang bagi jaksa untuk berperan lebih aktif dalam memediasi kepentingan korban dan pelaku, mempercepat pengembalian aset, serta mengurangi potensi overkriminalisasi. Namun, implementasinya masih menghadapi kendala berupa keterbatasan regulasi, kapasitas sumber daya, serta resistensi paradigma hukum yang masih berorientasi pada retributif. Kesimpulannya, optimalisasi peran jaksa dalam asset recovery harus diarahkan pada sinergi antara mekanisme hukum positif dan pendekatan restoratif. Saran penelitian ini adalah perlunya penguatan regulasi dan pedoman teknis bagi jaksa, peningkatan kapasitas institusional, serta pengembangan model best practice agar asset recovery dapat berjalan lebih efektif dan berkeadilan.Kata Kunci: Asset Recovery, Jaksa, Keadilan Restoratif.
PENGAMBILAN GAMBAR TANPA IZIN SEBAGAI BENTUK PELANGGARAN PRIVASI DIGITAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA INDONESIA Bayu Saptahadi; Selamat Lumban Gaol
CORPUS JURIS : JURNAL ILMU HUKUM Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): CORPUS JURIS : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/corpusjuris.v2i2.2919

Abstract

The rapid development of information technology has given rise to the phenomenon of capturing a person's image without consent, potentially violating the right to digital privacy, while Indonesia's criminal law regulation of such conduct has previously been partial and scattered across several statutes. This research aims to examine Indonesia's criminal law regulation of unauthorized image capture as a form of digital privacy violation, and to analyze whether such conduct can be qualified as a criminal offense under Indonesia's positive law. This research is a normative legal study employing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, drawing on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, analyzed qualitatively through a prescriptive method. The results show that Indonesia's criminal law regulation of unauthorized image capture has evolved gradually, from the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and the Personal Data Protection Law, which only reach the distribution stage or require additional elements, to the old Criminal Code, which requires indecent content or violence, and finally to Articles 407 and 408 of the National Criminal Code, effective since 2 January 2026, which for the first time explicitly criminalize the act itself as a standalone offense. This research further concludes that unauthorized image capture in places affording a reasonable expectation of privacy can now be qualified as a standalone formal offense, without requiring distribution or concrete harm to the victim. The resulting legal certainty provides firmer protection for victims, although synchronization with the Personal Data Protection Law and interpretation of privacy expectations in public spaces still require further guidance from law enforcement.
Reconstructing Cyber Mens Rea Through Electronic Evidence and Algorithmic Accountability Antonius Maria Laot Kian; Rizky Pratama Putra Karo Karo; Selamat Lumban Gaol; Subhan Zein Sgn
Jurnal Ius Constituendum Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): OCTOBER
Publisher : Magister Hukum Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/jic.v11i3.14738

Abstract

This study examines how mens rea in Indonesian cybercrime can be established through electronic evidence and algorithmic analysis, focusing on the legal standards governing the transition from digital traces to proof of criminal intent. Using normative legal research with statutory, case, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study analyses Indonesian criminal evidence law and the ratio decidendi of Tangerang District Court Decision No. 1240/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Tng (Indra Kenz), with reference to comparative developments in other jurisdictions. The findings demonstrate that Indonesian law recognizes the legality and authenticity of electronic evidence but does not yet provide sufficiently specific standards for evaluating the inferential validity and evidentiary weight of technical or algorithmic outputs in establishing mens rea. The Indra Kenz decision shows that intent is reconstructed cumulatively from digital content, electronic communications, account activity, financial transactions, and analytical reports, creating a potential conflation between factual digital evidence, technical inference, and legal judgment. The novelty of this study lies in developing a three-layer cyber mens rea framework that integrates criminal-law doctrine with agentic computational law and algorithmic accountability: digital facts must satisfy legality, authenticity, integrity, and relevance; technical or algorithmic inferences must be transparent, explainable, auditable, and contestable; and the final determination of mens rea must remain with the judge based on the totality of admissible evidence. The framework provides a normative basis for regulating algorithmic evidence while safeguarding the presumption of innocence, due process, and meaningful human control over criminal responsibility.
Co-Authors , Budi Prayitno Abdulwahab Abdullah Al-Maamari Abu, Supri Achmad Fariz Ade Sathya Sanathana Ishwara Adiasih, Ning Aditya Putra, Firman Airin Titus Alecsius Sharaja Amos Andi Andi Anggraeni Rosliana Dewi Ani Purwati Annisa Aminda Anton Hutapea Antonius Maria Laot Kian Ardison Asri Aria Caesar Kusuma Atmaja Auliya, Rifki Baity Ramona, Erizka Bayu Saptahadi Bhakti Setiawan, Iwan Bram B Baan Caecilia, Novena Cut Fadhlan Akhyar Daffa Dwi Apriansyah Daniel Hendrawan Darwis , Nurlely Darwis, Nurlely Diah Prasetyowati Diding Rahmat Dita Tisnadewi, Made Faedonajokho Sarumaha Fatimah Zahro Rizqiyah Ghifary Shahab, Husein Ghina Marta Salmaa Salsabila Hamid, Amrullah Hasgar A.S., A. Muhammad Henny Saida Flora Henri M. Tobing Hidayat, Freddy Ilham Maulana Indah Sari Indriyana Dwi Mustikarini, Indriyana Dwi Irsal Istianingsih Sastrodiharjo Johannes Johny Koynja Johannes Johny Koynja, Johannes Johny Johannes Triestanto Joko Setiawan Kusumaatmaja, Aria Caesar Loso Judijanto Luis Bayu Gustian Erlangga Mardianis Mardianis, Mardianis Markus Suryoutomo Martin, Reynaldo Mawardi Mawardi Meliyani Turnip Muhammad Irwan Munthe, Donny Markas Sahputra G. Musmuliadi Musmuliadi Naafi Fathurrahman Halim Natasya Yunita Sugiastuti Natasya Yunita Sugiastuti Ning Adiasih Niru Anita Sinaga OTTI ILHAM KHAIR Pardamean Pardede, Honeston Potler Gultom Rajab Maliq, Ahdi Ramziati Ramziati Raudhotul Jannah Rischad Widianto Siregar Risdo Pakpahan Riza Rachman, Dimas Rizky Fahrezi, Fahmi Rizky Pratama Putra Karo Karo RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari Ryan Pratama Salwa Faeha Hanim Saragih, Geofani Milthree Simanjuntak, Bernico Simarmata, Lasmauli Noverita Siregar, Rischad Widianto Situmorang, Hotjen Edison Subhan Zein Sgn Sudarto Sudarto Sudarto Sudarto Sudarto Sudarto Suherman, Jajang Sujono Sulis Setyowati Suwito Suwito Toha Masrur Wardatul Fitri Widiraharjo Widiraharjo Yanto, Indri Zulfikri Zulham Effendi