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PERLINDUNGAN MEREK DAGANG DALAM PERDAGANGAN ELEKTRONIK DALAM STUDI KASUS PELANGGARAN MEREK DI INDONESIA Andi; Selamat Lumban Gaol
LEX LAGUENS: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): LEX LAGUENS: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan (Agustus)
Publisher : YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN RAHMAT HUSADA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.08221/lexlaguens.v3i2.252

Abstract

The development of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in Indonesia has increased the dynamics of digital business, but also posed new challenges in the legal protection of trademarks. Trademark infringement in online transactions is increasingly prevalent, whether in the form of unauthorised use of trademarks, product counterfeiting, or consumer misleading practices. This study aims to analys the effectiveness of trademark protection in electronic commerce in Indonesia, identify the factors causing infringement, and evaluate the applicable law enforcement mechanism. This research uses a juridical-normative method with a study case approach to several cases of trademark infringement that occurred in Indonesia. Data is obtained from the study of legal documents, study case of trademark infringement, as well as analysis of trademark protection policies applied by e-commerce platforms. The results show that although there are regulations governing trademark protection, such as Law No. 20 of 2016 on Trademarks and Geographical Indications. Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2 of 2022 on Job Creation. Law No. 6 of 2023 on Determination of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2 of 2022 on Job Creation become Law, and Law No. 11 of 2008 on Trading Through Electronic Systems. Law No. 19 of 2016 on First Amendment to the Law No. 11 of 2018. Law No. 1 of 2024 on Second Amendment to the Law No. 11 of 2018, and also Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 on Trading Through Electronic Systems, there are still loopholes in the implementation of the law that allow violations to continue to occur. As a solution, this study recommends strengthening coordination and synergy between the government, businesses, and e-commerce platform providers in creating a more effective monitoring system. In addition, some strategic steps that can be taken include increasing supervision by relevant authorities, optimising the role of e-commerce platforms in filtering and taking action against infringing accounts, and legal education for businesses and consumers. With a more proactive approach, it is expected that trademark protection in electronic commerce in Indonesia can be more effective and provide legal certainty for all parties as well as increasing legal awareness for businesses and consumers is also an important factor in trademark protection efforts in the digital era. With improvements in the trademark protection system, it is expected that e-commerce in Indonesia can develop more fairly and sustainably.
PENERAPAN ASAS KEPASTIAN HUKUM TERHADAP PENERIMAAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN BERDASARKAN KETENTUAN PENGHAPUSAN PIUTANG DALAM UNDANG UNDANG NOMOR 7 TAHUN 2021 TENTANG HARMONISASI PERATURAN PERPAJAKAN Anton Hutapea; Selamat Lumban Gaol
LEX LAGUENS: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): LEX LAGUENS: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan (Agustus)
Publisher : YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN RAHMAT HUSADA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.08221/lexlaguens.v3i2.269

Abstract

Optimal tax collection plays a pivotal role in advancing national development and enhancing public welfare. However, Indonesia's tax system faces challenges, particularly regarding the mechanism of uncollectible receivables as stipulated in Article 6 paragraph (1) sub-point h of Law Number 7 of 2021 concerning the Harmonization of Tax Regulations (UU HPP), and the classification of debt forgiveness as income for debtors based on Law Number 7 of 1983 on Income Tax, as amended by Law Number 36 of 2008 Article 4 paragraph (1) sub letter k. These laws stipulate that receivables written off by creditors become deductible expenses for the creditors and taxable income for the debtors. Although consistent with tax principles, in practice many debtors are in poor financial condition and unable to pay taxes, creating legal uncertainty and a mismatch between legal norms and actual conditions.Therefore, it is relevant and important to examine: (1) How is the mechanism of writing off clearly uncollectible receivables implemented under the UU HPP? and (2) How is the principle of legal certainty applied in income tax collection based on the write-off of clearly uncollectible receivables under the UU HPP? This study was conducted using a normative legal research approach, which focuses on the examination and interpretation of written legal norms, particularly tax regulations related to the write-off of clearly uncollectible receivables and their impact on income tax revenue. The research uses statutory and conceptual approaches, employing both primary and secondary data with qualitative analysis. The findings reveal that the mechanism for writing off clearly uncollectible receivables under the UU HPP provides administrative ease for creditors, as the requirements are optional rather than cumulative. This means a debtor may not be aware that their debt has been written off by the creditor. The study also highlights a lack of legal certainty regarding income tax collection in this context. The regulation that categorizes forgiven debt as income for the debtor does not reflect fairness or legal certainty, particularly since most debtors whose debts are forgiven are in financial distress or even bankruptcy, making it unrealistic for them to fulfill tax obligations. Additionally, weak oversight regarding debtor acknowledgment of forgiven debt opens opportunities for tax avoidance and threatens national revenue. Therefore, this study recommends regulatory changes to the conditions for writing off clearly uncollectible receivables under the UU HPP. Specifically, requirement point 3 should be changed from optional to cumulative to avoid potential abuse. At a minimum, there should be a mandatory written agreement on debt forgiveness or a debtor’s written acknowledgment for debts exceeding a certain amount. Regarding the principle of legal certainty in income tax collection, the study suggests revising the Income Tax Law to exclude forgiven debt from taxable income. Article 4 paragraph (1) sub letter k of the Income Tax Law is deemed unrealistic, given the financial condition of most debtors affected. In such situations, requiring income tax payments on forgiven debt creates legal and practical inconsistencies that undermine fairness and legal certainty in taxation.
Reformulating the Concept of Breach of Contract in Electronic Agreements: Perspectives on Legal Certainty and Justice Markus Suryoutomo; Natasya Yunita Sugiastuti; Ramziati Ramziati; Ghina Marta Salmaa Salsabila; Selamat Lumban Gaol
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i3.3147

Abstract

The rapid advancement of information and communication technology has significantly transformed contractual practices, shifting from conventional agreements to digitally based electronic contracts. This transformation not only alters the mechanisms of contract formation but also affects the traditional concept of breach of contract, which has long been rooted in classical civil law paradigms. In practice, the distinctive features of electronic transactions such as their cross-border nature, the absence of direct interaction between parties, and the involvement of electronic systems and third parties like digital platforms create particular complexities in determining the forms of breach and identifying the responsible parties. This ambiguity may lead to legal uncertainty and an imbalance in legal protection, especially for consumers. This study aims to reformulate the concept of breach of contract in electronic agreements by emphasizing the principles of legal certainty and justice. The research employs a normative juridical method, utilizing both statutory and conceptual approaches. The analysis focuses on existing legal norms as well as the evolving practices of electronic transactions within society. The findings indicate that the concept of breach of contract in electronic agreements can no longer be narrowly interpreted as merely the non-performance of obligations. Instead, it should be broadened to include failures of electronic systems, algorithmic errors, network disruptions, and the negligence or liability of digital platform providers. Such a reformulation is essential to establish a legal framework that is responsive to technological developments while ensuring fair and proportional legal protection for all parties involved in electronic transactions.
Dissemination of the Urgency of Inheritance Law in Determining Inheritance Rights for Heirs in RW 08, Halim Perdanakusuma Subdistrict, Makassar District, East Jakarta City Aria Caesar Kusuma Atmaja; Indah Sari; Ardison Asri; Selamat Lumban Gaol; Subhan Zein
Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Humaniora Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Penerbit Jurnal Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53697/iso.v6i1.3123

Abstract

This study aims to enhance community understanding of inheritance law—covering civil, Islamic, and customary aspects—among residents of RW 08, Halim Perdanakusuma Subdistrict, Makassar District, East Jakarta. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed through observation, interviews, and documentation involving community members, local leaders, and legal practitioners. The program focused on structured and sustainable legal socialization to increase awareness of lawful inheritance distribution. The findings show that prior to the program, most residents relied on verbal agreements and family customs, leading to disputes and inequitable asset division. After the socialization activities, participants demonstrated improved comprehension of inheritance principles, recognized the importance of legal documentation, and showed greater willingness to consult legal experts. The study concludes that systematic legal education significantly enhances community literacy on inheritance law, promotes fairness in asset distribution, and helps prevent potential family conflicts. This initiative is recommended as a model for broader community-based legal empowerment programs in urban areas.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN YANG DIRUGIKAN ATAS SITUS BELANJA ATAS TRANSKSI JUAL BELI SECARA BELANJA ONLINE Meliyani Turnip; Selamat Lumban Gaol
LEX OMNIBUS : Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara dan Administrasi Negara Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Lex Omnibus : Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara Dan Administrasi Negara (Desember)
Publisher : YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.08221/lexomnibus.v2i2.301

Abstract

The main problems of this research are how the buying and selling process occurs on online shopping sites and how business actors are held accountable for losses suffered by consumers in online transactions. This study uses a quantitative method with a normative juridical approach. The data sources include laws and regulations, books, journals, encyclopedias, and other relevant written works. Data processing and analysis were conducted by collecting, reviewing, and analyzing literature and related documents, followed by editing, data reduction, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the buying and selling process consists of four stages: offer, acceptance, payment, and delivery. If a consumer suffers a loss, the business actor is required to fully compensate the expenses incurred by the consumer, including both the shipping cost and the price of the purchased item. The implications of this research highlight the need for clear regulations in implementing online transactions, especially in cases of fraud or negligence by business actors who fail to deliver goods to consumers. If a seller is proven negligent three times and refuses to provide compensation or take responsibility, the government should take action by blocking the online store from conducting further internet-based transactions.
PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PERJANJIAN BAKU PROVIDER DIGITAL BY.U DARI PT TELEKOMUNIKASI SELULAR Ilham Maulana; Selamat Lumban Gaol; Lasmauli Noverita
Integrative Perspectives of Social and Science Journal Vol. 3 No. 04 April (2026): Integrative Perspectives of Social and Science Journal
Publisher : PT Wahana Global Education

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Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi mendorong perubahan dalam hubungan hukum antara pelaku usaha dan konsumen, terutama pada layanan telekomunikasi berbasis digital. Salah satu inovasi tersebut adalah layanan provider digital by.U yang diselenggarakan oleh PT Telekomunikasi Selular. Seluruh proses layanan, mulai dari pendaftaran, penggunaan layanan, hingga pengakhiran hubungan hukum dilakukan secara elektronik melalui sistem online. Hubungan hukum antara perusahaan dan konsumen diatur dalam bentuk perjanjian baku yang dibuat sepihak oleh perusahaan dan berlaku bagi seluruh pengguna. Kondisi ini dapat menimbulkan ketidakseimbangan posisi para pihak karena konsumen tidak memiliki kesempatan untuk menegosiasikan isi perjanjian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keabsahan perjanjian baku yang digunakan oleh provider digital by.U serta meninjau bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian baku by.U pada dasarnya memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata melalui persetujuan elektronik (click-wrap agreement). Perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen dilakukan melalui upaya preventif dengan pembatasan klausula baku yang merugikan konsumen serta kewajiban penyampaian informasi yang jelas, dan melalui upaya represif melalui penyelesaian sengketa baik di Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen maupun melalui pengadilan.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN PRODUK PANGAN DALUWARSA YANG MERUPAKAN HASIL PENGEMASAN ULANG (REPACKAGING) DAN PELABELAN ULANG (RELABELLING) Caecilia, Novena; Selamat Lumban Gaol; Daniel Hendrawan
Integrative Perspectives of Social and Science Journal Vol. 3 No. 04 April (2026): Integrative Perspectives of Social and Science Journal
Publisher : PT Wahana Global Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Peredaran produk pangan yang telah melewati masa kedaluwarsa masih menjadi permasalahan dalam praktik perdagangan di Indonesia, terutama melalui praktik pengemasan ulang (repackaging) dan pelabelan ulang (relabelling). Praktik tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian bagi konsumen karena produk yang sebenarnya tidak layak konsumsi tetap dipasarkan dengan informasi yang menyesatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan hukum mengenai pengemasan ulang dan pelabelan ulang produk pangan serta mengkaji bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen yang membeli dan mengkonsumsi produk pangan yang telah daluwarsa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri dari bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur hukum, serta bahan hukum tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan mengenai keamanan dan mutu pangan di Indonesia telah diatur dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan, antara lain Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 tentang Pangan, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, serta Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 69 Tahun 1999 tentang Label dan Iklan Pangan. Ketentuan tersebut mengandung norma hukum berupa perintah dan larangan yang bersifat memaksa bagi pelaku usaha untuk menjamin keamanan dan mutu pangan yang diedarkan. Praktik pengemasan ulang dan pelabelan ulang terhadap produk pangan yang telah daluwarsa merupakan perbuatan yang bertentangan dengan prinsip keamanan pangan dan perlindungan konsumen karena dapat menyesatkan konsumen serta membahayakan kesehatan masyarakat.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CRIMINAL SANCTIONS FOR DRUGS USERS IN REALIZING REHABILITATION GOALS Fatimah Zahro Rizqiyah; Selamat Lumban Gaol; Sudarto
JILPR Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review (JILPR), June 2026
Publisher : International Peneliti Ekonomi, Sosial dan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/jirpl.v7i3.627

Abstract

Drug abuse is a serious problem with broad impacts on health, social aspects, and the criminal justice system in Indonesia. Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics regu-lates criminal sanctions for drug users by placing medical and social rehabilitation as an important part of the drug abuse prevention policy. However, in law enforcement practice, the application of criminal sanctions against drug users is still dominated by im-prisonment, thus raising questions about its effectiveness in achieving rehabilitation goals. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of criminal sanctions against drug users in achieving rehabilitation goals under the Indonesian criminal law system, and to identify factors that influence its effectiveness. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. The analysis was conducted qualitatively through a review of laws and regulations, legal doctrine, and court decisions related to the punishment and rehabilitation of drug users. The results of the study indicate that the application of criminal sanctions against drug users is not fully effective in achieving rehabilitation goals. This is influenced by the persistently repressive paradigm of criminal justice, limited rehabilitation facilities and infrastructure, and suboptimal official understanding and coordination among law enforcement. Furthermore, legal culture and public perception of drug users also influence the direction of criminal punishment. Therefore, strengthening rehabilitative-oriented criminal justice policies, integrating the criminal justice system, and shifting the law enforcement paradigm are necessary so that criminal sanctions truly function as an instrument of recovery and community protection.
Public Perception of Interfaith Marriage Registration (Across Religions) based on Court Regulations Alecsius Sharaja; Potler Gultom; Selamat Lumban Gaol
Indonesian Journal of Research in Islamic Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Research in Islamic Studies, 2(1), 2025
Publisher : Academia Edu Cendekia Indonesia (AEDUCIA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64420/ijris.v2i1.223

Abstract

Background: In Muslim-majority contexts, religious and cultural values significantly shape adolescents' emotional development, particularly in dating-related behaviors, attachment styles, and emotion regulation. Objective: The research aims to examine how dating status influences attachment styles and emotion regulation strategies among Muslim adolescents, considering the impact of religious beliefs and cultural norms. Method: This study employs a systematic literature review approach, synthesizing findings from research conducted between 2017 and 2024. Relevant studies were analyzed to identify patterns in attachment styles and emotion regulation strategies. Results: The findings indicate that non-dating adolescents tend to develop secure attachment patterns and primarily utilize cognitive reappraisal as their emotion regulation strategy. This is reinforced by strong family religious values and structured social support systems. Conclusion: The study underscores the significant role of religious coping mechanisms in fostering emotional resilience and reducing psychological distress among Muslim adolescents. It highlights the importance of structured support systems in shaping secure attachment and adaptive emotion regulation. Contribution: These findings have theoretical, practical, and managerial implications, suggesting the need for faith-based mental health programs, educational interventions, and further cross-cultural research on Muslim adolescent psychology.
Kedudukan Hukum Pengguna Prompt dalam Karya Visual Berbasis Artificial Intelligence Generatif Perspektif Hukum Hak Cipta Indonesia Hamid, Amrullah; Selamat Lumban Gaol; Rizky Pratama Putra Karo Karo
JOPPAS: Journal of Public Policy and Administration Silampari Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): JOPPAS: Journal of Public Policy and Administration Silampari
Publisher : Institut Penelitian Matematika, Komputer, Keperawatan, Pendidikan dan Ekonomi (IPM2KPE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31539/v8m9gb12

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the legal status of prompt users in generative AI-based visual works and examine the form of copyright legal protection for these works from an Indonesian legal perspective. The study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach. The results of the study indicate that Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright still adheres to the Human Authorship doctrine which places humans as the sole legal subject of the creator. However, prompt users can be qualified as creators if they are proven to have made a substantive creative contribution to the visual works produced by the generative AI system. This study also found a gap in legal norms related to the regulation of AI-based works in Indonesia, so that a reformulation of copyright regulations that are adaptive to the development of digital technology is needed. The conclusion of this study is that copyright regulations in Indonesia are still based on the Human Authorship doctrine, so that generative AI has not been recognized as creators, while prompt users can be recognized as creators if they make a substantive creative contribution, so that a reformulation of the Copyright Law is needed to address the gap in norms and provide legal certainty for works produced with the help of generative AI. Keywords: Copyright, Generative Artificial Intelligence, Legal Subject, User Prompt, Visual Artwork.
Co-Authors , Budi Prayitno Abdulwahab Abdullah Al-Maamari Abu, Supri Achmad Fariz Ade Sathya Sanathana Ishwara Adiasih, Ning Aditya Putra, Firman Airin Titus Alecsius Sharaja Amos Andi Andi Anggraeni Rosliana Dewi Ani Purwati Annisa Aminda Anton Hutapea Antonius Maria Laot Kian Ardison Asri Aria Caesar Kusuma Atmaja Auliya, Rifki Baity Ramona, Erizka Bayu Saptahadi Bhakti Setiawan, Iwan Bram B Baan Caecilia, Novena Cut Fadhlan Akhyar Daffa Dwi Apriansyah Daniel Hendrawan Darwis , Nurlely Darwis, Nurlely Diah Prasetyowati Diding Rahmat Dita Tisnadewi, Made Faedonajokho Sarumaha Fatimah Zahro Rizqiyah Ghifary Shahab, Husein Ghina Marta Salmaa Salsabila Hamid, Amrullah Hasgar A.S., A. Muhammad Henny Saida Flora Henri M. Tobing Hidayat, Freddy Ilham Maulana Indah Sari Indriyana Dwi Mustikarini, Indriyana Dwi Irsal Istianingsih Sastrodiharjo Johannes Johny Koynja Johannes Johny Koynja, Johannes Johny Johannes Triestanto Joko Setiawan Kusumaatmaja, Aria Caesar Loso Judijanto Luis Bayu Gustian Erlangga Mardianis Mardianis, Mardianis Markus Suryoutomo Martin, Reynaldo Mawardi Mawardi Meliyani Turnip Muhammad Irwan Munthe, Donny Markas Sahputra G. Musmuliadi Musmuliadi Naafi Fathurrahman Halim Natasya Yunita Sugiastuti Natasya Yunita Sugiastuti Ning Adiasih Niru Anita Sinaga OTTI ILHAM KHAIR Pardamean Pardede, Honeston Potler Gultom Rajab Maliq, Ahdi Ramziati Ramziati Raudhotul Jannah Rischad Widianto Siregar Risdo Pakpahan Riza Rachman, Dimas Rizky Fahrezi, Fahmi Rizky Pratama Putra Karo Karo RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari Ryan Pratama Salwa Faeha Hanim Saragih, Geofani Milthree Simanjuntak, Bernico Simarmata, Lasmauli Noverita Siregar, Rischad Widianto Situmorang, Hotjen Edison Subhan Zein Sgn Sudarto Sudarto Sudarto Sudarto Sudarto Sudarto Suherman, Jajang Sujono Sulis Setyowati Suwito Suwito Toha Masrur Wardatul Fitri Widiraharjo Widiraharjo Yanto, Indri Zulfikri Zulham Effendi