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Yunus, Nur Rohim
Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
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Legal Review of Foundation Assets in Law No. 28 of 2004: Protection and Management of Foundation Assets Aji, Ahmad Mukri; Yunus, Nur Rohim; Mukri, Syarifah Gustiawati
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol 11, No 3 (2024): Autum Edition
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v11i3.45761

Abstract

A foundation is a non-profit legal entity with a strategic role in the social, educational, and humanitarian fields. The existence of foundation assets is the main backbone in ensuring the continuity of its activities. However, practices in the field show various problems such as misuse of assets, non-transparent management, and weak supervision and legal protection of these assets. This study aims to analyse the legal provisions in Law No. 28 of 2004 concerning Foundations, especially regarding asset protection and management, identify practices and challenges foundations face in managing their assets, and provide recommendations for improving relevant regulations and administration. This study uses a qualitative method with a normative and conceptual legal approach. Data sources were obtained from laws and regulations, legal literature, scientific journals, and case studies of foundation dissolution in Indonesia related to asset management. The analysis was carried out by reviewing the applicable legal provisions and reflecting them on factual practices in the field. The study results indicate that although Law No. 28 of 2004 has regulated the prohibition of profit sharing to foundation trustees, administrators, and supervisors, and stipulates provisions regarding the origin of assets and their use, there are still weaknesses in the implementation and supervision mechanisms. Several cases show irregularities by foundation administrators and weak legal protection for donors and beneficiaries. Therefore, there is a need for strengthening regulations, increasing transparency, and more effective supervision from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights and professional third parties. This study is expected to be an academic and practical contribution in improving the governance of foundation assets in Indonesia.Keywords: Foundation Assets; Protection; Management
The Relations of Politics, Law, and Economics in a Social Philosophy Perspective Abdurrahman, Abdurrahman; Yunus, Nur Rohim; Setiawan, Refly
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol 12, No 1 (2025): Spring Edition
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v12i1.45728

Abstract

The relationship between politics, law, and economics forms the main foundation in the dynamics of national and social life. These three elements not only influence each other structurally but also create a power structure that directly affects the distribution of social justice, policy-making, and the functioning of state institutions. This study aims to examine in depth how the relationship between politics, law, and economics is formed, implemented, and questioned through a social philosophy approach, and how this approach can open up space for criticism of the structural inequalities that occur. The research method used is qualitative with an interdisciplinary approach that combines political, legal, and economic analysis within a social philosophy framework. Data were obtained through a literature review of critical philosophy, social justice theory, and relevant empirical studies. The analysis was carried out reflectively and thematically on concepts such as power, justice, law as an ideological instrument, and political economy in the context of the state. The results of the study reveal that the relationship between politics, law, and economics is often constructed to maintain the dominance of certain groups, rather than achieving social justice. Law is not always neutral, but usually becomes a tool for legitimising economic and political power. Politics also does not always run within the framework of democratic participation, but is often controlled by market interests. Social philosophy plays a crucial role in dismantling these power structures and providing ethical and critical perspectives to promote policy reform and social stability.Keywords: Social philosophy; political law economy; social justice; power; public policy
Legal Implications on Social and Educational Activities Regarding the Change in The Position of Foundations in Law Number 28 of 2004 Aji, Ahmad Mukri; Yunus, Nur Rohim; Mukri, Syarifah Gustiawati
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol 11, No 1 (2024): Spring Edition
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v11i1.45678

Abstract

This study examines the legal implications of changes to the status of foundations as outlined in Law No. 28 of 2004, specifically regarding their social and educational activities in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyse how changes in the status of foundations as legal entities affect their management, and to identify solutions that can optimise the role of foundations in the social and educational fields. This study employs a qualitative research method, incorporating a literature-based approach and legal analysis. Data were obtained from various sources, including scientific journals, legal literature, and relevant laws and regulations, which were analysed using a normative legal approach. The results of the study indicate that the changes regulated in Law No. 28 of 2004 provide a more substantial legal basis for foundations to carry out social and educational activities more accountably and transparently. However, there are challenges related to the management and supervision of foundations that must be faced, including the potential for abuse of authority by foundation administrators. This study suggests the need for strengthening regulations, more effective supervision, and the application of sound corporate governance principles to ensure that foundations play a maximum role in social and educational activities.Keywords: Legal Implications; Foundations; Social and Educational Activities: Changes in the Status of Foundations
The Relevance of Law Number 28 of 2004 concerning Foundations in the Development of Educational and Social Institutions in Indonesia Aji, Ahmad Mukri; Yunus, Nur Rohim; Mukri, Syarifah Gustiawati
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol 11, No 4 (2024): Winter Edition
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v11i4.45764

Abstract

Foundations have a strategic role in organising educational services and social activities in Indonesia. As a non-profit entity, foundations are expected to contribute to community development through professional and sustainable management of academic and social institutions. However, in practice, there are still many deviations in the management of foundations, especially related to governance, financial transparency, and asset protection. This study aims to analyse the relevance of Law Number 28 of 2004 concerning Foundations in supporting the development of educational and social institutions in Indonesia, with a focus on legal provisions, implementation in the field, and implementation challenges. This study uses a qualitative method with a legislative and conceptual approach. Data were collected through document studies of laws and regulations, scientific journals, and case studies of relevant educational and social foundations. The analysis was carried out descriptively-analystically to identify the effectiveness of the regulation and its suitability to the community's actual needs. The study results indicate that Law No. 28 of 2004 has provided a relatively solid legal framework in regulating the organisational structure of foundations, non-profit principles, and restrictions on conflicts of interest. However, there are still weaknesses in the implementation aspect, such as the lack of understanding of foundation administrators regarding legal obligations and weak oversight mechanisms. Therefore, it is necessary to revise several legal norms to be more responsive to educational and social needs, improve legal education for foundation managers, and strengthen the role of guidance by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights.Keywords: Foundation; Law No. 28 of 2004; education; social activities; governance.
Limitations of Foundation Business Activities from the Perspective of Law Number 28 of 2004 Concerning Foundations Mukri, Syarifah Gustiawati; Aji, Ahmad Mukri; Yunus, Nur Rohim
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Summer Edition
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v12i2.45753

Abstract

A foundation as a non-profit legal entity has a vital role in organising social, religious, and humanitarian activities. However, in practice, many foundations are involved in business activities directly and commercially, thus giving rise to legal issues related to violations of the non-profit principle, which is the basis for establishing the foundation. This study aims to analyse the limitations of business activities permitted for foundations according to Law No. 28 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law No. 16 of 2001 concerning Foundations, and to explain the legal implications for foundations that exceed these provisions. This study uses a qualitative approach with a normative legal research type. The methods used include a statute and conceptual approach, with data sources from laws and regulations, scientific literature, legal documents, and related jurisprudence. The study results indicate that business activities can only be carried out by foundations through capital participation in business entities that are under the intent and purpose of the foundation. Foundations are prohibited from running a business directly and distributing profits to patrons, administrators, and supervisors. Violating these provisions can have legal implications in the form of administrative sanctions up to the foundation's dissolution. Therefore, compliance with legal restrictions is crucial in maintaining the legitimacy and sustainability of the foundation's social function.Keywords: Foundation; Business Activities; Limitations
The Dilemma of Sovereignty of a King or Head of State in a Country in a Philosophical Dimension Yunus, Nur Rohim
ADALAH Vol 3, No 3 (2019): Keadilan Budaya & Masyarakat
Publisher : UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v3i3.45653

Abstract

Essay ini membahas dilema filosofis mengenai kedaulatan raja atau kepala negara dalam sistem monarki absolut dan relevansinya dalam kehidupan bernegara. Pendahuluan menjelaskan pengaruh teori kedaulatan raja dalam pembentukan negara modern, mengacu pada pandangan Jean Bodin dalam On Sovereignty (1992) tentang kekuasaan tertinggi yang tak terikat oleh hukum manusia.Bagian pertama mengulas kritik para filsuf Pencerahan, seperti John Locke dalam Two Treatises of Government (1689) dan Jean-Jacques Rousseau dalam The Social Contract (1762), yang menolak absolutisme dan menekankan pentingnya kontrak sosial serta kedaulatan rakyat.Bagian kedua membahas eksistensi hukum dalam monarki absolut yang sering dianggap sebagai perwujudan kehendak raja, berdasarkan pandangan Thomas Hobbes dalam Leviathan (1651). Hal ini menciptakan legitimasi untuk bertindak otoriter tetapi berisiko memicu penindasan.Selanjutnya, essay ini mengupas implikasi positif dan negatif kedaulatan raja dalam kehidupan bernegara, mulai dari stabilitas politik hingga penyalahgunaan kekuasaan. Bagian terakhir menguraikan pergeseran konsep kedaulatan dari raja menuju rakyat dalam demokrasi modern berdasarkan pandangan Montesquieu dalam The Spirit of the Laws (1748).Melalui perspektif filsafat politik, essay ini menegaskan pentingnya pembatasan kekuasaan demi keadilan dan kebebasan dalam sistem pemerintahan modern.
Ethical Dilemma between Human Rights and State Sovereignty in Philosophical Dimension Yunus, Nur Rohim
ADALAH Vol 8, No 5 (2024)
Publisher : UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v8i5.45836

Abstract

Human rights issues are often a driving factor for foreign intervention in a country's domestic affairs. However, this creates an ethical dilemma between state sovereignty and the protection of human rights. Countries accused of violating human rights often face international pressure and threats of intervention that could disrupt domestic stability.
Absolute Power is Sovereignty in the Philosophical Dimension Yunus, Nur Rohim
ADALAH Vol 8, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v8i3.45806

Abstract

This essay examines the concept of sovereignty as the highest power in a state, focusing on the absolutist view that views sovereignty as the absolute power of the ruler. In a historical perspective, especially in medieval Europe, to the era of absolute monarchy, the highest power was considered to belong to the king, who was not limited by law or other institutions. Jean Bodin became an important figure who formulated sovereignty as the power that cannot be divided and comes from divine legitimacy. However, this view was challenged by liberal thinkers such as John Locke, who rejected absolute power and emphasised that true sovereignty lies in the hands of the people. He introduced the idea of limiting power through law and protecting fundamental individual rights, becoming the foundation of the modern legal state theory. In the current democratic system, sovereignty is manifested in the form of the supremacy of law, separation of powers, and popular participation. In the era of globalisation, the concept of absolute sovereignty is increasingly eroded. The state must submit to international law and agreements, showing that sovereignty is now limited and interrelated. This essay closes with a reflection on the fact that absolutism of power as sovereignty has evolved in the dynamics of the times.
The Emergence of a State's Sovereignty in a Philosophical Dimension Yunus, Nur Rohim
ADALAH Vol 3, No 1 (2019): Keadilan Hukum & Pemerintahan
Publisher : UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v3i1.45641

Abstract

The essay entitled The Emergence of State Sovereignty in a Philosophical Dimension examines in depth the concept of sovereignty in a philosophical context, starting from the basic understanding to its role in the formation of the state. This essay discusses how sovereignty becomes a fundamental principle that affirms the highest authority of a state in regulating its territory and people without external intervention. By examining classical to modern views, such as the social contract theory of Hobbes and Rousseau and the concept of absolute power according to Bodin, this essay explains that sovereignty can only exist through the existence of the state as a legitimate political entity. In addition, this essay outlines the reciprocal relationship between the state and sovereignty, and highlights the evolutionary view that encourages the adaptation of sovereignty to social developments. In closing, this essay emphasizes that sovereignty reflects the superiority of the state in determining its own destiny, while also being the main foundation in maintaining stability and order in the international system.
The Dilemma of Legal Sovereignty in a Country in a Philosophical Dimension Yunus, Nur Rohim
ADALAH Vol 3, No 6 (2019): Philosophy of State
Publisher : UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v3i6.45660

Abstract

Esai ini membahas secara mendalam dilema kedaulatan hukum dalam negara modern dari perspektif filosofis, menyoroti ketegangan antara penegakan hukum, hak asasi manusia, dan kekuasaan negara. Dalam konteks negara modern, kedaulatan hukum seharusnya menjamin supremasi hukum yang adil dan mengatur kekuasaan negara agar tidak bertindak sewenang-wenang (Locke, 1689). Namun, dalam praktiknya, sering kali terjadi penyalahgunaan hukum sebagai alat legitimasi kekuasaan, terutama dalam situasi darurat yang mengancam keberlangsungan negara (Schmitt, 1922; Agamben, 2005).Esai ini mengupas paradoks antara kedaulatan hukum dan hak asasi manusia dalam negara demokratis, di mana negara berhak membatasi hak individu demi keamanan nasional, namun berisiko melanggar prinsip-prinsip keadilan (Schmitt, 1922). Dari sudut pandang postmodernisme, kedaulatan hukum dikritik sebagai instrumen dominasi negara terhadap masyarakat, dengan hukum digunakan untuk mengontrol dan menormalisasi perilaku individu (Foucault, 1977).Selain itu, globalisasi dan kemajuan teknologi turut mempersulit penerapan kedaulatan hukum karena pengaruh kuat dari hukum internasional dan tantangan yurisdiksi lintas negara (Habermas, 1998). Esai ini menawarkan solusi filosofis dengan mengintegrasikan prinsip demokrasi konstitusional yang mengedepankan checks and balances serta kesadaran akan kedaulatan Tuhan yang menuntut hukum ditegakkan berdasarkan prinsip moral dan keadilan universal (Rawls, 1971; Al-Attas, 1993).Dengan pendekatan filosofis ini, esai ini mengusulkan transformasi kedaulatan hukum dari sekadar instrumen negara menjadi kesadaran etis yang menghormati nilai-nilai keadilan hakiki.
Co-Authors A Salman Maggalatung, A Salman Abbas Sofwan Matlail Fajar Abbas Sofwan Matlail Fajar abd rahman dahlan Abdurahman Abdurrahman Abdurrauf Abdurrauf Abu Tamrin Achmad Irwan Hamzani Afidah Wahyuni, Afidah Afrinal Afrinal Agustin, Suciati Ahmad Mukri Aji Al-Fatih, Solahudin Aliyeva Patimat Shapiulayevna Andri Gunawan Andri Gunawan Anggraeni, RR Dewi Anggraeni, RR. Dewi Annissa Rezki Annissa Rezki Annissa Rezki Annissa Rezki Annissa Rezki Annissa Rezki Aravik, Havis Arif Mohamad Azhar Annas Arrois, Syaiful Makhi Ula Asep Syarifuddin Hidayat, Asep Syarifuddin Atep Abdurofiq, Atep Azizah Azizah BAMBANG ALI KUSUMO Dianna Primadianti Dien Noviany Rahmatika Disemadi, Hari Sutra Dwi Putri Cahyawati, Dwi Putri Dwi Sulastyawati Dwi Sulastyawati Dwi Sulastyawati Dwi Sulastyawati, Dwi Faiqatul Husna Fajar, Abbas Sofwan Matlail Fathinuddin Fathinuddin Fifik Wiryani Fitria Esfandiari Fitriyani Zein Fitriyani Zein Fredinan Yulianda Frida Aprillia Wahjudi Gilang Rizki Aji Putra Hamlan Andi Baso Malla Harahap, Putri Ramadayanti Harefa, Meilinda Suriani Harisah, Harisah Havis Arafik Helvis, Helvis Herlina, Ratna Hikmatiar, Erwin Ida Susilowati Ika Ika Atikah Imam Fachruddin Indithohiroh, Rosa Intana Sari, Tiara Irfan Hielmy Irwan Irwan Karmawan Karmawan karmawan karmawan Khaeruddin Yusuf Kusniawati, Kusniawati Latipah Nasution Latipah Nasution Lubis, Rahmad Mahmudi, Abdul Halim Malla, Hamlan Andi Baso Mara Sutan Rambe Mardhotillah, Ananda Mery Noviyanti Mesraini Mesraini Muhamad Soleh Muhammad Ali Hanafiah Selian Muhammad Ishar Helmi, Muhammad Ishar Muhammad Nasser MUHAMMAD SHOLEH Muhammad Sholeh Muhammad Sholeh Mukhlas, Umlina Muttaqin, Ahmad Izza Najih, Mokhammad Nasution, Latipah Noor Prasetyo, Said Novi Rizka Amalia Nur Oktaviana, Ulfah Nur Putri Hidayah Nurul Ummah Pramuja, Imam Purnama, Desi Putra, Gilang Rizki Aji Raihani, Fina Refly Setiawan Rezki, Annissa Rohmah, Siti Ngainnur Rosdiana Rosdiana Rulia Feriera Saptaning Ruju Paminto Shapiulayevna, Aliyeva Patimat Shapiulayyevna, Aliyeva Patimat Sholahuddin Al-Fatih SIAGIAN, AMRIZAL Siregar, Kamaluddin Sitanggang, Jonatan Pardamean Siti Marwiyah Siti Nurhalimah Siti Nurhalimah Siti Nurhalimah Siti Romlah Siti Romlah Siti Romlah Suhendar Suhendar Suhendar Suhendar, Suhendar Sulistiono Surya Anoraga Syarifah Gustiawati Mukri Taryono Taryono Taryono Taryono Tavia Yuga Ayutia Trini Diyani Trini Diyani Umlina Mukhlas Waluyo, St Budi Wicaksono, Galih Wasis Yan Kahnovich Yunasril Ali Yusman Yusman Yusman, Yusman Yusuf, Khaeruddin Zahrotunnimah Zahrotunnimah Zein, Fitriyani