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The Role of Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth on Poverty in Developing Countries in Asia Annisa Putri, Dian; Fitrawaty, Fitrawaty; Ruslan, Dede
Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE) Vol 7 No 2 (2024): Sharia Economics
Publisher : Sharia Economics Department Universitas KH. Abdul Chalim, Mojokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31538/iijse.v7i2.4865

Abstract

This research aims to determine the influence of financial inclusion and economic growth on sustainable development in developing countries in Asia. This research method uses quantitative research. This research was conducted on the International Monetary Fund and World Bank websites. The type of data used in this research is secondary data. Where the data collected comes from necessary websites such as the International Monetary Fund. Data collected from this website is used for the financial inclusion and poverty variables obtained from the International Monetary Fund website. Meanwhile, the scope of this research is developing countries in Asia such as Armenia, Indonesia, India, Iran, and Thailand with a research data series for 8 years, namely from January 2015 to December 2022. The variable data collection method comes from websites related to variables. study. Meanwhile, the type of data used in this research is a time series, where the data is a time series. Data analysis technique multiple regression analysis. Pooled Least Square (Common Effect), Random Effect Model Approach, Determination of Panel Data Regression Model Tests, Chow Test, Hausman Test, Lagrange Multiplier Test, Statistical Test Analysis, Parameter significance testing, F statistical test, individual significance test (t-test), analysis of assumption tests consisting of autocorrelation test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test. The research results show that panel data estimation results used the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) to see the role of financial inclusion and economic growth on poverty in developing countries in Asia, proven by the two independent variables with financial inclusion as indicators of commercial bank branches, outstanding loans, outstanding deposits and proven economic growth. does not affect poverty in developing countries in Asia. Whether the indicators are commercial bank branches, outstanding loans, outstanding deposits, and economic growth, these four variables do not have a probability of < 0.05.
PERAN USAHA MIKRO, KECIL, DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) DALAM MENDORONG PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA Utari, Widya; Fitrawaty, Fitrawaty
NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Vol 12, No 2 (2025): NUSANTARA : JURNAL ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jips.v12i2.2025.529-537

Abstract

Dengan mempertimbangkan pentingnya peran Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) pada perekonomian Indonesia, tujuan penelitian ini ialah gua mengidentifikasi peran yang dimainkan oleh UMKM dalam perkembangan ekonomi Indonesia dan meninjau analisis potensi serta hambatan UMKM. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui penelitian literatur. Menurut hasil penelitian, Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) mempunyai peran yang sangat penting untuk pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia. Hanya saja, mereka masih mengalami berbagai masalah, misalnya keterbatasan akses modal, infrastruktur pendukung yang minim, serta kesulitan pemasaran dan pendistribusian produk. Studi ini berfokus pada tepatnya kebijakan sangatlah penting untuk membantu UMKM berkembang serta meningkatkan daya saing mereka. Dengan demikian, UMKM memiliki potensi besar untuk mendorong kemajuan ekonomi Indonesia secara berkelanjutan serta inklusif.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PENDAPATAN NASIONAL, SUKU BUNGA SERTA INFLASI TERHADAP BESARAN TUKAR NOMINAL : PEN-DEKATAN DENGAN COINTEGRATION DAN ERROR CORRECTION MODEL (ECM) Utari, Widya; Fitrawaty, Fitrawaty; Ruslan, Dede
NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Vol 12, No 8 (2025): Nusantara : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jips.v12i8.2025.%p

Abstract

Tujuan dari riset ini ialah agar mengevaluasi dampak suku bunga, pendapatan nasional serta suku bunga akan besaran tukar rupiah terhadap dolar, bisa dalam kurun waktu yang lama ataupun kurun waktu singkat. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan data sekunder selama periode 1989 hingga 2024 (selama 36 tahun). Metode yang diaplikasikan di riset ini ialah regresi linier berganda dengan strategi Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Selain itu, pendekatan yang diterapkan mencakup uji kointegrasi serta Error Correction Model atau ECM, yang didahului oleh sejumlah uji statistik lainnya. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji kointegrasi Johansen memperlihatkan bahwasanya ada relasi keseimbangan kurun waktu lama antara seluruh variabel bebas (inflasi, pendapatan nasional, serta suku bunga) dengan variabel tidak bebas (besaran tukar). Fakta ini didukung oleh besaran trace statistic sebesar 102,1727 yang secara signifikan melebihi besaran kritis pada tingkat signifikansi 5%, yaitu 47,85613. Di luar itu, besaran Maximum Eigenvalue Statistic juga menunjukkan total sebanyak 36,7908, yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan besaran kritis 5% yakni 27,584434. Selain itu, keluaran pengujian melalui ECM menunjukkan bahwasanya variabel inflasi, residual serta suku bunga saja yang berpengaruh secara substansial, sedangkan variabel pendapatan nasional tidaklah menunjukkan signifikansi. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwasanya inflasi serta suku bunga memiliki relasi kurun waktu yang singkat akan besaran tukar, yang diperlihatkan oleh tiap-tiap besaran probabilitas variabel yang berada di bawah tingkat signifikansi 5% (0,05). Selain itu, koefisien residual dalam hasil uji ECM tercatat sebesar -0,732447, yang menunjukkan bahwa tingkat koreksi kesalahan (error correction term) mencapai 73,24% dan bersifat signifikan.
Payment System Revolution and Monetary Policy in the Face of Goods Price Transformation: The Effect of Non-Cash Transactions, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates on Indonesian Inflation Rahmansyah Harum; Indra Maipita; Fitrawaty Fitrawaty
Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Sharia Economics
Publisher : Universitas KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31538/iijse.v8i1.7827

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of non-cash transactions, interest rates, and exchange rates on inflation in Indonesia in the period from January 2021 to December 2023. Using the Error Correction Model (ECM) approach, this study examines the short-term and long-term relationships between these variables. The results of the study indicate that non-cash transactions have a negative and significant effect on inflation in both the short and long term, indicating that the development of digital payment systems can increase economic efficiency and suppress inflation. Meanwhile, interest rates do not have a significant effect on inflation in the short or long term, while exchange rates have a positive and significant effect on inflation in the long term. These findings provide important implications for monetary policymakers in an effort to maintain price stability amidst the transformation of the digital payment system.
The Effect of Government Expenditure in the Field of Education, Health and Per Capita Expenditure on the Human Development Index in the Districts/Cities of North Sumatra Province Faisyal Hartawan Isma; Fitrawaty Fitrawaty; M. Fitri Rahmadana
Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE) Vol 8 No 3 (2025): Sharia Economics
Publisher : Universitas KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31538/iijse.v8i3.8623

Abstract

This study aims to determine: (1) the effect of government expenditure in the education sector on the Human Development Index (HDI) in the Districts/Cities of North Sumatra Province, (2) the effect of government expenditure in the health sector on the HDI in the Districts/Cities of North Sumatra Province, (3) the effect of per capita expenditure on the HDI in the Districts/Cities of North Sumatra Province, (4) the effect of government expenditure in the education sector, health sector and per capita expenditure on the HDI in the Districts/Cities of North Sumatra Province. This study uses a quantitative approach using secondary data sourced from BPS Indonesia. The data used are panel data of DAK education, DAK health, per capita expenditure and HDI in 33 Districts/Cities of North Sumatra Province from 2018-2024 or as many as 231 observations. The data analysis technique in this study uses panel data regression with the Eviews 10 program application with the best selected estimation model, namely the fixed effect model (FEM). The results of this study indicate that: (1) government expenditure in the field of education has a positive and significant effect on the HDI in the Regency/City of North Sumatra Province, (2) government expenditure in the field of health has a positive and significant effect on the HDI in the Regency/City of North Sumatra Province, (3) per capita expenditure has a positive and significant effect on the HDI in the Regency/City of North Sumatra Province, (4) government expenditure in the field of education, health and per capita expenditure simultaneously have a significant effect on the HDI in the Regency/City of North Sumatra Province. Furthermore, the area with the best HDI model is in Padang Sidempuan Regency, while the area with the lowest HDI model is in Serdang Berdagai Regency.
The Effects of Loan-to-Value (LTV), Minimum Reserve Requirement (MRR), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (Car) on the Performance of State-Owned Banks Ananta, Dimas; Rahmadana, Muhammad Fitri; Fitrawaty, Fitrawaty
Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE) Vol 9 No 1 (2026): Sharia Economics
Publisher : Universitas KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31538/iijse.v9i1.9135

Abstract

This study examines the impact of macroprudential policies on The Performance of State-Owned Banks in Indonesia, focusing on Loan to Value (LTV), Minimum Reserve Requirement (MRR), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). The research is motivated by the need to understand how macroprudential instruments influence the financial performance of major banks amid evolving credit, liquidity, and capital conditions. The problems addressed are whether LTV, MRR, and CAR individually and collectively affect Return on Equity (ROE), and which of these variables serve as the most influential determinants of profitability. The study aims to analyze the partial and simultaneous effects of these indicators on ROE using empirical data from four large Indonesian banks over the 2013–2023 period. The research employs a panel data regression approach using the fixed-effect model to estimate the relationships among variables. The empirical results show that LTV has a negative and significant effect on ROE, indicating that looser LTV policies tend to reduce profitability through increased credit risk. MRR has a positive but insignificant effect, suggesting that reserve requirements primarily function as liquidity buffers rather than direct profitability drivers. CAR exhibits a positive and significant effect, highlighting the importance of strong capitalization in supporting bank performance. Simultaneously, LTV, MRR, and CAR significantly influence ROE, with an R-squared value of 0.2723, meaning that 27.23% of variation in profitability is explained by these macroprudential indicators. Overall, the findings underscore the essential role of integrated macroprudential policy in maintaining bank performance and financial stability.
Pengaruh Ekspor dan Impor Terhadap Neraca Pembayaran di Provinsi Sumatera Utara Fitrawaty, Fitrawaty; Silaban, Putri Sari M. J.; Sihite , Yastri Dwinarti; Ainun, Putri; Gulo, Marinus Friderikus; Maulana, Gilang
Indo-MathEdu Intellectuals Journal Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Indo-MathEdu Intellectuals Journal
Publisher : Lembaga Intelektual Muda (LIM) Maluku

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54373/imeij.v7i2.5249

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of exports and imports on the trade balance in North Sumatra Province during the 2020–2025 period. The research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The variables used in this study consist of exports as the first independent variable (X1), imports as the second independent variable (X2), and the trade balance as the dependent variable (Y). Data analysis techniques include descriptive analysis to describe the development of export, import, and trade balance values, as well as analysis of the relationship between variables to determine the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results indicate that exports have a positive effect on the trade balance, an increase in export value tends to increase the trade surplus. Conversely, an increase in imports tends to reduce the trade surplus due to higher expenditures on foreign goods. These findings indicate that international trade dynamics play a significant role in determining regional trade balance conditions. Therefore, economic policies that encourage export growth and optimize import management are necessary to maintain the stability of the trade balance in North Sumatra Province.  
Dinamika Pengaruh Inflasi, Harga Minyak Dunia, dan Risiko Geopolitik terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia: Pendekatan Error Correction Model Isni Maulida; Fitrawaty Fitrawaty; Arwansyah Arwansyah
Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): May: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi
Publisher : Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis (ITB) Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54066/jura-itb.v4i2.3813

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of domestic and global factors on Indonesia’s economic growth, with variables including inflation, world oil prices, and geopolitical risk. The research employs a quantitative approach using a regression model combined with the Engle–Granger Error Correction Model (ECM) to capture both short-run and long-run dynamics among variables. The data used are time series data from 1986 to 2024, sourced from the World Bank and the Geopolitical Risk Index. The results show that in the short run, inflation and world oil prices have a positive and significant effect on economic growth, while geopolitical risk has a negative and significant effect. In the long run, inflation remains positive and significant, whereas geopolitical risk continues to have a negative and significant impact on economic growth. The error correction term coefficient (ECT(-1)), which is negative and significant, indicates the presence of a relatively fast adjustment mechanism toward long-run equilibrium. These findings confirm that the ECM approach is effective in explaining the dynamic relationship between domestic and global factors and Indonesia’s economic growth.
Analisis Pengaruh Proporsi Tenaga Kerja dan Eksternalitas Aglomerasi Terhadap PDRB Industri Sektor Manufaktur di Indonesia Widya Utari; Fitrawaty Fitrawaty; Dede Ruslan
Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): May: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi
Publisher : Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis (ITB) Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54066/jura-itb.v4i2.3828

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of labor proportion and industrial agglomeration externalities on the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of the manufacturing sector in Indonesia. This research employs a quantitative approach using panel data covering 34 provinces over the period 2019–2023. The independent variables include labor proportion and industrial externalities represented by specialization index (MARshall–Arrow–Romer/MAR), competition (Porter), and diversity (Jacobs). The analysis method uses panel data regression with model selection through Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests, where the Random Effect Model (REM) is selected as the best estimation model. The results show that labor proportion and MAR externalities have a positive and significant effect on manufacturing GRDP, highlighting the important role of labor and industrial specialization in driving regional output growth. In contrast, Porter and Jacobs externalities do not have a significant effect, indicating that industrial competition and diversity have not yet contributed substantially to manufacturing sector performance during the study period. Simultaneously, all independent variables significantly affect GRDP, although the model’s explanatory power remains relatively limited. These findings suggest that the growth of Indonesia’s manufacturing sector is more influenced by labor and industrial concentration rather than competition and diversification dynamics, and that other factors outside the model also play an important role in determining manufacturing sector performance.
Analisis Pengaruh Konsumsi Rumah Tangga dan Tabungan terhadap Investasi di Indonesia: Pendekatan Time Series Periode 2010-2021 Sinurat, Dian Icha Uliarta; Sinurat, Arin Acha Uliarta; Sinuhaji, Gina Virginatha; Sembiring, Winny Agustin; Haloho, Sinta Marito; Fitrawaty, Fitrawaty
Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai, Riau, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jptam.v10i1.37319

Abstract

Pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia tidak terlepas dari peran konsumsi rumah tangga, tabungan, dan investasi sebagai komponen utama dalam perekonomian. Konsumsi rumah tangga merupakan penyumbang terbesar terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), sementara tabungan berperan sebagai sumber pembiayaan investasi. Oleh karena itu, hubungan antara konsumsi, tabungan, dan investasi menjadi penting untuk dikaji lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsumsi rumah tangga dan tabungan terhadap investasi di Indonesia selama periode 2010–2021. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dengan pendekatan time series. Variabel penelitian meliputi konsumsi rumah tangga, tabungan, dan investasi yang diproksikan melalui Pembentukan Modal Tetap Domestik Bruto (PMTB). Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi rumah tangga dan tabungan berpengaruh positif terhadap investasi di Indonesia. Secara simultan, kedua variabel tersebut memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap investasi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsumsi dan tabungan masyarakat dapat mendorong peningkatan investasi nasional.
Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Agni Anggita Br Ginting Ainul Mardhiyah, Ainul Ainun, Putri Alfis Aldera Aliska Putri Simatupang Alkhafi Maas Siregar Ananda Fazhira Ananta, Dimas Angelica Sinaga Anggun Paulina Manik Anggun Sibarani Annisa Dina Maisarah HSB Annisa Putri, Dian Apriyansyah Siregar, Fahmi Armaini Rambe Arwansyah Arwansyah Arwansyah Arwansyah Arwansyah Arwansyah Auensyah Marbun Awaluddin Siahaan Axdel Septina Sagala Brigita Zai Chelsya Olyza Malau Christin Natasya Br Surbakti Cindy Lumbantoruan Claudia, Emilia Ruth Cornelia Aginta Br Sembiring Danny Ajar Baskoro Dede Ruslan DEDE RUSLAN Dedy Husrizal Syah, Dedy Husrizal Deo Demonta Panggabean Dian Eka Zahra Dian Petrishia Tambunan Diani, Salma Dodi Hutapea Dwi Anggriani Efraim Sinaga Eko Wahyu Nugrahadi Endah Sekar Rini Ester Mei Zaskia Fadhillah Rahmi Fahrurrozy Fahrurrozy Faisal Rahman Dongoran Faisyal Hartawan Isma Felix Simangunsong Fidia Wati Fildzah Zaira Br Hsb Gamal Kartono Gulo, Marinus Friderikus Haloho, Sinta Marito Hasibuan, Ali Sandy Heniwati Gulo Herbert Sipahutar Husrizalsyah, Dedi Hutasoit, Rohana Hutasuhut, Saidun Ian Saragih Ignasya Hutabarat Indra Maipita Indra Maipita Indra Maipita Indra Maipita Indra Maipita Irfandi Irfandi, Irfandi Irham Ramadhani Isni Maulida Jessika Angelina Sitorus Jihan Salsabilla Jonathan Brando Saragi Khalish Khairina Krista Bella Sihombing Larissa Saragih Lia Salsabila Lisbet Saulintia Sitanggang Lubis, Eliza Handayani M Hamdani M. Fitri Rahmadana M. Fitri Rahmadana Malem Ateta Br. Purba Marbun, Auensyah Maulana, Gilang Maulana, Juanda Mawar Lestari Hutagaol Maya Oktora Maya Sentia Anjelika Tampubolon Melisa Patrisia Manurung Modesta Buaton Muhammad Abdi, Muhammad Muhammad Fitri Rahmadana Muhammad Fitri Ramadhana Muhammad Iqbal Mohar Harahap Muhammar Syafii Mukti Hamjah Harahap, Mukti Hamjah Nadia Enjel Lina Silalahi Nakita Nakita Nandita Olivia Natasya Nasra Sinulingga, Sam Deva Natasya Natasya Nazrah Anggraini Nelson Tarigan Nopra Purba Ogin Syaputra Sinaga Olivia Kristin Lumban Gaol Panggabean, Yemima Fetriati Br Pangihutan Syafriansyah Pasaribu Pranata, Ilham Pujaliantari Sinaga Putri Sari M J Silaban Putri Sari M J Silaban Putri Sari M.J. Silaban Putri Sari Margareth Julianty Silaban Putri Silaban Rahel Veronika Rahmadana, Muhammad Fitri Rahmansyah Harum Rahmi, Siti Naila Ranti Delima Tobing Respa Sirait Rina Rina Riyani Tarigan Rona Hinirim Sagala, Axdel Septina Samuel Manullang Selsi Lubis Sembiring, Winny Agustin Setyo Tri Wahyudi Shabilla Aisyah Shasyabilla Umaya Nasution Siahaan, Tegar Efraim G Siburian, Keisia Br Sihite , Yastri Dwinarti Sihombing, Runggu Silaban, Putri Sari M. J. Simanjuntak, Rosalina Ronaulika Simanjuntak, Yosua Simanungkalit, Jelita Sinaga , Rosenta Febri Mutiara Sinaga, Pujaliantari Sinta Marito Haloho Sinuhaji, Gina Virginatha Sinurat, Arin Acha Uliarta Sinurat, Dian Icha Uliarta Sirnulingga, Karya Sitanggang, Melda F. Sonita Putri Natalia Sri Rahayu Stefani Br Tarigan Tamba, Jekonia Tazliyah, Tazliyah Thahara, Safira Tiara Sianturi Tio Nardo Gulo Tobing, Grace Tifanny Br Togi Martua Damanik Tri Puspita Rahmawati Tri Rahayu Uswatul Akmalia Vania Ailsa Nabilah Wandira Anzani Wawan Hermawan Wawan Hermawan Widya Sinaga Widya Utari Widya Utari Winny Agustin Br Sembiring winsyahputra Ritonga Yanti Masryana Sianturi Yemima Fetriati Br Panggabean Yohana Feby Yul Ifda Tanjung Yuliana Sari Angkat