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Ridwansyah Ridwansyah
Program Studi Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan Fakultas Pertanian USU Medan
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Journal : Journal of Islamic Law

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Ḥusn al-Jawāb ‘an Ithbāt al-Ahillah bi al-Ḥisāb: Basyūnī ‘Imrān’s Method for Standardising the Determination of the Qamariyah Month in the Sultanate of Sambas (1913-1976) Herlambang, Saifuddin; Rizqina, Aulia Laily; Ridwansyah, Ridwansyah; Muslih, Moh.; Naffati, Abdel Kadir
Journal of Islamic Law Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Islamic Law
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24260/jil.v5i2.2775

Abstract

This article analyses the responses of Basyūnī ‘Imrān (1885-1976), a muftī (jurisconsult) and qādhī (judge) with the title Mahārāja Imām (highest religious official) in the Sambas Sultanate, to the debates surrounding the determination of the beginning of Ramaḍān and Eid al-Fitr at the turn of the twentieth century. The differences arose from conflicting claims of accuracy between two methods, ḥisāb (astronomical calculations) and ruʾyah (physical sighting of the moon), in determining the start of the lunar month among Muslims. Concerned about these issues, Basyūnī ‘Imrān addressed them in his manuscript written in Arabic-Malay (known as Aksara Jawī), titled Ḥusn al-Jawāb ‘an Ithbāt al-Ahillah bi al-Ḥisāb (1933). By employing a historical approach and content analysis of the manuscript, the authors find that Basyūnī ‘Imrān favoured the ḥisāb method for determining the start of the lunar month. In addition to referencing Sūrah al-Raḥmān verse 5, Sūrah Yūnus verse 5, and a hadith narrated by Imām Mālik, Basyūnī ‘Imrān also considered the geographical and social conditions of Muslims to standardise the observance of fasting and Islamic festivals in the Sultanate of Sambas and its surroundings. He argued that differences in determining the start of the lunar month should not lead to divisions among Muslims, as both methods are grounded in the same theological principles. This finding contributes to the history of Islamic legal thought in Indonesia by providing evidence of scholarly efforts to standardise the determination of the lunar month during his tenure as Mahārāja Imām in the Sultanate of Sambas from 1913 to 1976. [Artikel ini menganalisis respons Basyūnī ‘Imrān (1885-1976), muftī dan qādhī yang bergelar Mahārāja Imām di Kesultanan Sambas, terhadap polemik perbedaan dalam penentuan awal puasa Ramadhan dan hari raya Idul Fitri pada awal abad kedua puluh. Perbedaan tersebut disebabkan saling klaim kebenaran metode, antara ḥisāb dan ruʾyah, dalam penentuan awal bulan Qomariyah di kalangan umat Islam. Prihatin terhadap peristiwa tersebut, Basyūnī ‘Imrān meresponsnya sebagaimana yang tertuang dalam manuskrip berbahasa Arab-Melayu (dikenal sebagai Aksara Jawī) yang berjudul, Ḥusn al-Jawāb ‘an Ithbāt al-Ahillah bi al-Ḥisāb (1933). Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dan analisis konten manuskrip, para penulis menemukan bahwa Basyūnī ‘Imrān cenderung menggunakan metode ḥisāb dalam penentuan awal bulan Qomariyah. Selain merujuk pada Sūrah al-Raḥmān ayat 5, Sūrah Yūnus ayat 5, dan sebuah hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Imām Mālik, Basyūnī ‘Imrān juga mempertimbangkan kondisi geografis dan sosial umat Islam untuk menyeragamkan pelaksanaan ibadah puasa dan hari raya Islam di Kesultanan Sambas dan sekitarnya. Menurutnya, perbedaan dalam penentuan awal bulan tersebut tidak boleh menimbulkan perpecahan di antara umat Islam, karena kedua metode tersebut berlandaskan pada dasar teologi yang sama. Temuan ini berkontribusi terhadap sejarah pemikiran hukum Islam di Indonesia dengan memberikan bukti adanya pemikiran ulama yang berupaya menyeragamkan penentuan awal bulan Qomariyah yang diterapkannya ketika menjabat sebagai Mahārāja Imām di Kesultanan Sambas pada tahun 1913 sampai 1976.]
Co-Authors Abdul Hamid Adris Ade Putra Ahmad Mujahid, Ahmad Alayzha, Vivi Nur Alfian, Achmad Ali, Karnila Allimmah, Khoirunnisa Nurul Amelia, Merry Amrina, Dania Hellin Andharsaputri, Resti Lia Andi Saryoko ANGGUN RACHMAWATI, ANGGUN Anip Dwi Saputro, Anip Dwi Anus Wuryanto Ardini Saptaningsih Raksanagara, Ardini Saptaningsih Arisca, Nurmalita Asep Wasid Asnawati Asnawati Ayasar, Prayogi Putra Bahar, Muh. Mahdinul Baharuddin, Andi Rakhmat Debi Irawan Djawad , Yasser Abd Elisa Julianti Era Yusraini Erike Anggraeni Ersi Sisdianto Esty Purwaningsih Evendi, Rustam Faika, Siti Faizah, Siti FARAH FAHMA Farhana, Nur Laila Fatma Lestari Fortuna, Salsabila Mutia Fortuna, Salsabilla Mutia Ganda Wijaya, Ganda Ganggang Canggi Arnanto Gianova, Erin Gusti, Wahyu Ramadhani Gustika Nurmalia Hafis Nurdin Haripuddin . Haris Herdiansyah, Haris Hendra Jaya Heni Noviarita Herfina, Inne Dwi Herlambang, Saifuddin Herliawan, Irwan Idris, Maruf Idris, Ma’ruf Ifna, Nur Ifna Indah Ariyati Indayani Indra Sukma, Indra Irfansyah, Nanda Irmawati Carolina Ispandi Ispandi, Ispandi Jajang Jaya Purnama Jhody Wiraputra Juwita, Safna Kahfi, Ahmad Hafidzul Khaswar Syamsu Kresna Ramanda Labusab, Labusab Lasmiatun, KMT Latifah Latifah Lawelendo, Lawelendo Mantasia Mantasia Marariza, Helma Mayzal, Tiondon Meilissa Ayu Pratiwi Mia Selvina Moh. Muslih Monalysa, Lita Muhammad Iqbal Fasa Mustamin Mustamin Mutahharah Hasyim, Mutahharah Naffati, Abdel Kadir Nawawi, Hendri Mahmud Northa Idaman Nugraha, Fitra Septia Nurhasmi Nurhasmi Nursalma, Intan Nusasenjaya, Radite Okta Sari Okta Supriyaningsih Oky Kurniawan Pariabti Palloan Ponta, Tasri Pratama, Reza Hardian Purnama Soiswaty, Dwi Purwadhi Purwadhi Purwoko, Reza Yuridian Ramadhani, Mutiara Ramdani, Nico Razimi, Mohd Syahril Ahmad Retno Sari Rian Andriani, Rian Rima Melati Risal, Ahmad Risnandar, Risnandar RIZQINA, AULIA LAILY Rosyda, Susy Ruray, Titiek Arafiani Sabril, Aulia Samad, Putri IS Samman, Muhammad Sanusi, Dirga Kaso Sari, Defya Sari, Yetri Martika Sari, Yuniar Sartika Setiawan, Zunan SRI RAHAYU suhaeb, Sutarsi Suhartono sulis, sulistiawaty sulis, sulistiawaty - Supriadi Supriadi Suprianingsih, Okta Susanto, Is Susy Rosyida Tauhidin Abas, Totoh Terip Karo-Karo Theresia Santi, Theresia Titi Candra Sunarti Tubarad, Chara Pratami Tidespania Tyas, Prayoga Ning Usman Usman Wahrini, Retyana Wahyu Iryana Weny Rosilawati Wiraputra, Jhody Yahya, Haidar Silmi Yunita Sari