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The Classification of Knowledge Based on Al-Ghazali's Perspective and Its Relevance to Qur’anic Exegesis Akbar, Rizamul Malik; Soleh, Achmad Khudori
FiTUA: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol 6 No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : STIT Sunan Giri Bima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47625/fitua.v6i2.1066

Abstract

This article studies Al-Ghazali’s system of knowledge classification and its relevance to Qur’anic exegesis within the framework of classical Islamic epistemology. The focus of this study is to explain the structure of Al-Ghazali’s epistemology, which includes the sources of knowledge, methods of acquisition, and legal-ethical rulings on seeking knowledge, while positioning tafsir as an integral part of this framework. This research employs a qualitative approach through library research, focusing on Al-Ghazali’s major works, such as Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn and al-Risālah al-Ladunniyyah. The findings indicate that: (1) Al-Ghazali classifies knowledge based on its sources into revelatory knowledge (‘ilm al-shar‘i), rational knowledge (‘ilm al-‘aql), and intuitive knowledge (‘ilm al-kashf); (2) based on its method of acquisition, knowledge is divided into ḥuḍūrī (immediate) and ḥuṣūlī (acquired through learning), incorporating approaches such as bayānī, burhānī, ‘irfānī, and tajribī; (3) in terms of legal rulings, knowledge is categorized as farḍ ‘ayn, farḍ kifāyah, mandūb, mubāḥ, or ḥarām; and (4) Qur’anic exegesis is positioned as a shar‘i science, falling under the category of farḍ kifāyah, specifically within the subcategory of al-mutammimāt, developed through ḥuṣūlī methods and integrating several epistemological approaches.
THE CONCEPT OF HYPOCRISY IN THE QURAN AND ITS COMPARISON WITH CARL GUSTAV JUNG'S THEORY OF PERSONA Hidayatulloh, Muhammad Mahbub; Soleh, Achmad Khudori; Cholili, Abd Hamid
Jurnal Konseling Pendidikan Islam Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Konseling Pendidikan Islam
Publisher : LP2M IAI Al-Khairat Pamekasan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32806/jkpi.v6i1.1217

Abstract

This study examines the concept of hypocrisy (nifaq) in the Qur’an and compares it with Carl Gustav Jung’s theory of persona in analytical psychology. The main objective is to identify the similarities and differences between hypocrisy as a moral–spiritual phenomenon and persona as an adaptive psychological mechanism. Employing a qualitative approach through library research and comparative textual analysis, this study draws on primary sources such as the Qur’an, classical and modern exegeses, and Jung’s works. The findings reveal that both nifaq and persona describe a dissonance between one’s inner and outer selves. However, they differ fundamentally in nature: nifaq in the Qur’an is morally destructive, rooted in deceit and ill intent, whereas persona in Jung’s framework is adaptive, becoming harmful only when the individual loses authenticity. The study underscores the importance of honesty, self-reflection, and the integration of spiritual and social identities in developing authentic human character in the modern era.
Pemikiran Psikologis dan Terapinya Menurut Abubakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariyya Al-Razi (854-925 M) Pamukti, Aryani; Soleh, Achmad Khudori
Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Agama dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Vol. 22 No. 1 (2025): Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Agama dan Ilmu Pengetahuan (AJAIP)
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/ajaip.2025.vol22(1).16641

Abstract

The psychological thoughts of Abubakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya Al - Razi (854-925 AD) were very important in the development of psychology because Al - Razi (854-925 AD) made an important contribution to understanding the relationship between physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual in humans. Al - Razi (854-925 AD) developed a theory about human personality and temperament and identified environmental factors that influence human development. This study aims to reveal the thoughts of Al - Razi (854-925 AD) about human personality and environmental factors that influence human development, as well as the psychological therapies that are developed. The method in this study is a qualitative method using library research, while the object of this study is psychological thinking from the perspective of Abubakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya Al - Razi (854-925 AD). Al - Razi's thought (854-925 AD) showed that (1) Al - Razi revealed that human personality consists of four elements: blood, mucus, yellow bile, and black bile. (2) Al - Razi emphasized the importance of seeing human beings as complex beings and that human physical and mental health are interrelated and influence one another. His thoughts and research are very relevant and useful for the development of psychology. (3) In the view of Al - Razi (854-925 AD), holistic and integrated treatment and therapy is the key to achieving optimal mental health. Al - Razi developed various kinds of therapy, including pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, psychological therapy, and spiritual healing.
KONSEP INSAN KAMIL AL-JILI DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP MASYARAKAT SOSIAL PERSPEKTIF ILMU TASAWUF Abdillah, Muhammad Hanif; Soleh, Achmad Khudori
Wahana Akademika: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024): Vol. 11, No. 1, April 2024
Publisher : Kopertais Wilayah X Jawa Tengah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wa.v11i1.18140

Abstract

Social change in people's lives is something that cannot be avoided. As a human being who is always adaptive to developments over time, it is a challenge to continue to strengthen our faith when the temptations of technology become more intense. Society is a macro part of various micro elements within it, namely humans with various personalities. To create a harmonious society will really depend on individuals in society as a whole, so the concept of insan kamil Al-Jili is a good way to make this happen. The method in this research uses a qualitative approach with library research methods, where researchers will collect various data through library sources such as books and journals. The aim of this research is to explain the concept of insan kamil Al-Jili and its relevance to social society. The results of this research are that the concept of insan kamil Al-Jili can be concluded with several points about strengthening individuals which will have an impact on social culture, including: 1) Islam is a system that provides guidance and broad benefits for individuals and society 2) the important role of faith in directs a Muslim's beliefs and behavior, and how this can impact their quality of life in modern society 3) worship is not only a spiritual aspect, but also has a significant impact on the holistic development of individuals and their contribution to the formation of positive values in society 4 ) the importance of Ihsan's attitude in interacting with Allah and fellow humans 5) the importance of love for Allah as a foundation for good moral and ethical behavior in interacting with God and fellow humans, apart from that love for Allah can have a positive impact in various aspects of life, such as morals and consistency in the values adhered to 6) the importance of spiritual search and a deep understanding of God in individual development, as well as education in religious values and positive morals 7) the role of human beings in maintaining balance in the universe and society.
Komparasi Konsep An-Nafs dalam Al-Qur’an dan Teori Sigmund Freud Urgenadila, Aulia; Soleh, Achmad Khudori
MOMENTUM : Jurnal Sosial dan Keagamaan Vol 12 No 2 (2023): MOMENTUM NOVEMBER 2023
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) Sekolah Tinggi Islam Blambangan (STIB) Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

An-Nafs in the Qur’an and Sigmund Freud’s theory both have three components in the soul. An-Nafs Al-Ammarah with Id, An-Nafs Al-Lawwamah with Ego, and An-Nafs Al-Muthma’innah with Superego. In the Al-Qur’an itself Nafs is mentioned as many as 295. 140 verses that mention nafs, in the plural form nufus there are 2 verses. And in other forms of jama’ anfus there are 153 verses. The purpose of this paper are (1) to know the concept of each An-Nafs in the Qur’an and the theoretical concept of the father of psychoanalysis, namely Sigmund Freud. (2) Knowing the comparison between the two concepts, both Nafs in theology in the Qur’an and Sigmund Freud's Id, Ego, Superego. The method used is a Literature Study. The results of this study indicate that there is a comparison between the concept of An-Nafs in the Qur'an and Sigmund Freud's theoretical concept. Especially in the concept of An-Nafs Al-Ammarah with Id. Then An-Nafs Al-Lawwamah with Ego. And An-Nafs Al-Muthma’innah with Superego.
KONSEP INSAN KAMIL AL-JILI DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP MASYARAKAT SOSIAL PERSPEKTIF ILMU TASAWUF Abdillah, Muhammad Hanif; Soleh, Achmad Khudori
Wahana Akademika: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024): Vol. 11, No. 1, April 2024
Publisher : Kopertais Wilayah X Jawa Tengah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wa.v11i1.18140

Abstract

Social change in people's lives is something that cannot be avoided. As a human being who is always adaptive to developments over time, it is a challenge to continue to strengthen our faith when the temptations of technology become more intense. Society is a macro part of various micro elements within it, namely humans with various personalities. To create a harmonious society will really depend on individuals in society as a whole, so the concept of insan kamil Al-Jili is a good way to make this happen. The method in this research uses a qualitative approach with library research methods, where researchers will collect various data through library sources such as books and journals. The aim of this research is to explain the concept of insan kamil Al-Jili and its relevance to social society. The results of this research are that the concept of insan kamil Al-Jili can be concluded with several points about strengthening individuals which will have an impact on social culture, including: 1) Islam is a system that provides guidance and broad benefits for individuals and society 2) the important role of faith in directs a Muslim's beliefs and behavior, and how this can impact their quality of life in modern society 3) worship is not only a spiritual aspect, but also has a significant impact on the holistic development of individuals and their contribution to the formation of positive values in society 4 ) the importance of Ihsan's attitude in interacting with Allah and fellow humans 5) the importance of love for Allah as a foundation for good moral and ethical behavior in interacting with God and fellow humans, apart from that love for Allah can have a positive impact in various aspects of life, such as morals and consistency in the values adhered to 6) the importance of spiritual search and a deep understanding of God in individual development, as well as education in religious values and positive morals 7) the role of human beings in maintaining balance in the universe and society.
Legalitas Kedudukan Anak di Luar Nikah Perspektif Epistemologi Bayani Wajdi, Muhammad Fasih; Soleh, Achmad Khudori
Mutawasith: Jurnal Hukum Islam Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (Muamalah)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47971/mjhi.v7i1.919

Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas legalitas anak diluar nikah ditinjau dari aspek epistemologi Bayani, epistemologi Bayani merupakan metode pemikiran khas Arab yang menekankan kecenderungan terhadap sebuah teks (nash), artinya memprioritaskan pemahaman tekstualis dan mengenyampingkan kontekstualis. Tujuannya untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman, terkait aspek epistemologi Bayani yang dikaitkan dengan legalitas anak di luar nikah dalam pandangan Islam, dan berharap dapat memberikan sumbangsih dalam dunia keilmuan di hukum Islam. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif karena dalam prosesnya memanfaatkan data deskriptif yang diambil dari rujukan ilmiah dan buku-buku sebagai bahan primernya sehingga dapat memperoleh data yang akurat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan: epistemologi Bayani memiliki pengaruh terhadap cara istinbath hukum dan memberikan gambaran jelas terkait legalitas anak di luar nikah melalui metode, sumber dan verifikasi pada Bayani; epistimologi Bayani memberikan kepastian hukum mengenai anak di luar nikah, yaitu anak diluar nikah dianggap sah keberadaannya, tidak dinashabkan kepada ayah biologisnya melainkan hanya kepada ibu dan keluarga ibunya saja
Taking the Mystical Ways toward Allah: Kyai Sholeh Darat Al-Samarani’s Perspective Marsuki, Marsuki; Zainuddin, M; Soleh, Achmad Khudori
Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism Vol. 12 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Humaniora - UIN Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/tos.v12i2.14654

Abstract

For a servant, taking the mystical way to get closer to Allah is necessary to achieve perfection in this world and the hereafter. This study aims to reveal the mystical ways towards Allah from the perspective of Kyai Sholeh Darat, especially as elaborated in his book Minhāj al-Atqiyā' ilā Ma’rifati Hidāyat al-Adhkiyā' ilā Ṭarīqat al-Auliyā'. This study is qualitative-based research with a descriptive approach. The data were collected from library research. The data were then analysed using the Mile and Huberman analysis. The findings of this study reveal that 1) Kyai Sholeh Darat's book uses references from the Quran, hadith, and the trusted religious texts written by the taṣawwuf scholars; 2) the mystical way or sulūk that a spiritual traveller (sālik) undergoes to get ma'rifatullāh must go through sharī'a, ṭarīqa and ḥaqīqa; and 3) the methods used by Kyai Sholeh Darat in his book are bayānī and irfānī. Contribution: This study affirms that suluk to Allah must go through three paths, namely sharī'a, ṭarīqa and ḥaqīqa. Those three paths cannot be split from one another as there have been movements in which these three aspects are considered separated. For example, to pursue ḥaqīqa, the one only needs ṭarīqa without sharī'a, etc. 
Review of The Psychological Thinking of Ibn Rusyd Waty, Dwi Septiana Khofida; Soleh, Achmad Khudori
Journal of Social Research Vol. 2 No. 8 (2023): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v2i8.1280

Abstract

Ibn Rushd is a thinker who contributed many of his works to the development of science, especially in the field of philosophy. However, there is not much research that discusses Ibn Rushd in his psychological studies. Even though Ibn Rushd's interpretation in the field of psychology is written in his work entitled De anima. The purpose of this study is to find out what Ibn Rushd thinks about several scientific studies, especially in the field of psychology. The method used in this research is library research, the data sources in this study are several articles and journals that focus on Ibn Rushd's psychological thinking, and data analysis techniques in this study use the literature study method. The results of this study conclude that Ibn Rushd's thoughts in Islamic psychology explain that in the soul there is a heart, eve, and reason. In the structure of the soul, there is a heart which is the form of interaction between hawa and reason, where it will follow the dominance of one of them. Nafs/soul in its level is divided into three, namely nafs-muthmainnah, nafs-lawwamah, and nafs-anger. The reason according to Ibn Rushd is a place that will accommodate all forms of knowledge through thinking power (external senses), imagination power (internal senses), and intellectual power (ratio power) to know the truth about the nature of God and the universe there are many ways that can be done. One way to do this is through Islamic education.
Konsep Manusia (Al-Insan) Dalam Al-Qur’an Sebagai Khalifatullah Dengan Perspektif Kepribadian Sigmund Freud Rohmatin, Ilma Nur; Soleh, Achmad Khudori
COMSERVA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): COMSERVA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/comserva.v5i2.3163

Abstract

Humans are an important object of study to be studied, where humans have various traits and personalities. In this case, human beings become objects as caliphs who will convey scientific and spiritual knowledge to other humans. The purpose of this study is to correlate the teachings in the Qur'an with psychological science, especially in terms of human personality. The methods used are the literature study method and maudhu'i. The results of this research are (1) Al-Insan is positioned as a khalifatullah who will spread knowledge, spirituality and intellectual. (2) As a khalifatullah, human attitudes can be connected with Fredu's personality theory, namely that there is an Id that comes from the desire or desire of humans to do something. The ego that will make man realize his desires with a good or bad response as a leader in making Superego decisions that come from his morality habits, which will shape his ego.
Co-Authors Abdillah, Muhammad Hanif Abdulloh, Mochammad Sayyid Ahmad Barizi Ahmad Hidayat Buang Akbar, Rizamul Malik Akbar, Yogi Muhammad Al-Sanhaji, Saleh Abdul Rahman Al-Senussi Youssef Alfain, Shinta Nuriya Idatul Alfiesyahrianta Habibie Alfikri, Ahmad Faiz Shobir Amalia, Novi Husnatul Amaliya, Risma Nailul Amelia, Asti Anahdiah, Shofia Asrori, Moh. Andi Assidiqi, Ali Hasan Asti Amelia Azzuhriyyah, Imroatus Sholikha Basid, Abd. Bastomi, Riza Bidayatul Mutammimah Cahyati, Lia Camila, Humaida Ghevira Syavia Cholili, Abd Hamid Erik Sabti Rahmawati FAHRUL KHARIS NURZEHA Fatmawati, Lailil Fazary, M Fakhry Asa Hakim, M Aunul Hanifah, Nor Hannani, Rohmatul Hidayatulloh, Muhammad Mahbub Imroatus Sholikha Azzuhriyyah Indrawayanti, Rika Dwi Irwan Ahmad Akbar Isnaini, M. Agus jafar, zulkifli Joko Kristanto M. Zainuddin Magfiroh, Norma Hasanatul Manggala, Kayan Marsuki Marsuki, Marsuki Maulana, Hafidz Fajar Miftahul Huda Moh. Andi Asrori Morinawa, Salsabilla Muhammad Riduwan Masykur Mujtahid Mujtahid Mulyadi Mulyadi Mursyid, Achmad Yafik Mutammimah, Bidayatul Muwafiqi, Erny Fitroh Nabila Nada Shobah Nada, Alfaini Zulfa Naila Shofia Naila Shofia Nur Fatimah Pamukti, Aryani Pratama, Moch Yusuf Syakir Rahmat Rahmat Raya, Moch Khafidz Fuad Rihlatuz Zakiyah Rika Dwi Indrawayanti Rohmatin, Ilma Nur Rosyida Nurul Anwar Sa'adah, Nailis Sadiyah, Dini Salim Al Idrus Sayyidin Panatagama, Ahmad Dzulfikar Sayyidin Panatagama Sayyidin Sofia, Naila Sugeng Santoso Syamsuddini, M. Najich Syihabuddin, Muhammad Tajuddin, M. Reivanut Taufiqurrahman, Muh. Urgenadila, Aulia Wafi, Hasan Abdul Wahda, Maziya Rahma Wahyu Wahyu Wajdi, Muhammad Fasih Wardani, Azmi Putri Ayu Waty, Dwi Septiana Khofida Yamani, Muhammad Rafi Zainuddin, M Zainuddin, Zainuddin Zakiyah, Rihlatuz