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Analytical agreement between CEDIA immunoassay and HPLC for therapeutic drug monitoring of carbamazepine: a narrative review Mulki, Munir Alinu; Fitriana, Nariyyah; Ilmi, Yuniar Fathil; Utami, Marsah Rahmawati
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 13 No 1 (2025): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2025.13.1.16526

Abstract

speed, simplicity, and cost, but the extent of its agreement with HPLC across diverse clinical contexts requires careful evaluation. Method: This narrative review synthesizes evidence from nine studies identified through Scopus and Google Scholar to assess the analytical agreement and clinical validity of CEDIA and related immunoassay platforms compared to HPLC and advanced chromatographic methods. Results: The reviewed evidence demonstrates strong inter-method correlation, although systematic positive bias in immunoassay results is consistently observed, particularly in patients receiving enzyme-inducing co-medications where carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide accumulation affects antibody cross-reactivity. CEDIA is analytically acceptable for routine CBZ TDM in stable patients on monotherapy. HPLC and LC-MS/MS remain preferable when metabolite quantification, polytherapy monitoring, or precise measurement near therapeutic boundaries is clinically required. Conclusion: Method selection should be guided by the clinical question, patient population characteristics, and available laboratory resources.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Swamedikasi Penyakit Ringan dengan Pengelolaan Limbah Obat di salah satu Pesantren di Karawang: The Relationship Between Knowledge of Self-Medication for Minor Illnesses and Drug Waste Management at an Islamic Boarding School in Karawang Iqbal Ramdhani Asa’af; Indah Laily Hilmi; Munir Alinu Mulki
PharmaCine : Journal of Pharmacy, Medical and Health Science Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): PharmaCine: Journal of Pharmacy, Medical and Health Science
Publisher : Bachelor of Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35706/pc.v6i1.13134

Abstract

Self-medication or self-treatment is an attempt by a person to treat themselves by recognizing the symptoms or illnesses they are experiencing and choosing their own medicine. However, in reality, self-medication is not accompanied by good drug waste management. So this study aims to measure students' knowledge about self-medication and drug waste management at Insan Harapan Islamic Boarding School and analyze the relationship between students' self-medication knowledge and drug waste management. The approach used in this study is the Cross-Sectional method. The study population consisted of all high school students at Insan Harapan Islamic Boarding School in Karawang, with a sample of 187 students selected using non-probability sampling. Data were analyzed using the spearman rank test. The results showed that 60% of respondents had a high level of knowledge about self-medication for minor illnesses, while 71% demonstrated good practices in drug waste management. This study also found a significant relationship between students' knowledge of self-medication for minor illnesses and their practices in drug waste management. The correlation test shows a significance p-value test is 0.01, which is less than 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge of self-medication for minor illnesses and the management of drug waste at the Insan Harapan Karawang Islamic Boarding School. However, this relationship is low with a coefficient correlation value of 0.25. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing health education on self-medication and drug waste management, as well as developing policies to regulate drug waste management to prevent adverse environmental impacts. Keywords: Self-medication; Knowledge; Waste; Medicine.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST OF BALAKACIDA LEAVES (Chromolaena odorata L) WITH DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) METHOD Elsya Martia; Munir Alinu Mulki; Lina Nurfadhila
Analit : Analytical and Environmental Chemistry Vol. 9, No. 01 April (2024) Analit : Analytical and Environmental Chemistry
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/analit.v9i01.170

Abstract

Balakacida leaves (Chromolaena odorata L) are plants known for their allelopathic properties, which can be utilized as natural herbicides. Empirically, they are used as wound healing agents, mouthwash, anti-diarrheal, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory medicines. The leaves are processed by squeezing them to extract their liquid, which is then applied to skin wounds for treatment (Marianne, 2014). Flavonoid components in balakacida leaves have antimicrobial effects. The focus of this research is to determine the IC50 value of balakacida leaves and characterize their antioxidant ability. Multi-step maceration using polarity-based solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) is employed for extraction. The DPPH technique is utilized to evaluate antioxidant capacity. Phytochemical analysis has revealed active secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties in the plant, including tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroids. The IC50 values for n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts are 35.58, 14.24, and 12.73 ppm respectively, indicating very high antioxidant activity. According to Fitrah (2017), crude balakacida leaf extract exhibits antioxidant effects. These effects are attributed to the high content of flavonoids, which possess antioxidant activity capable of inhibiting the oxidation process.  
Pengaruh Asupan Vitamin K terhadap Stabilitas Rasio Normalisasi Internasional dan Efektivitas Terapi Warfarin Ilmi, Yuniar Fathil; Fitriana, Nariyyah; Mulki, Munir Alinu; Hilmi, Indah Laily
PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia) Jurnal Pharmacy, Vol. 22 No. 02 Desember 2025
Publisher : Pharmacy Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30595/pharmacy.v22i2.26889

Abstract

Warfarin memiliki indeks terapi sempit dengan variabilitas respons tinggi. Fluktuasi asupan vitamin K dapat menyebabkan ketidakstabilan INR, namun hubungannya masih kontroversial. Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh asupan vitamin K terhadap stabilitas INR dan efektivitas terapi warfarin. Tinjauan sistematis mengikuti PRISMA 2020 melalui PubMed (2010-2025). Dari 6.573 artikel, 9 studi di sertakan (4 RCT, 5 observasional) dengan penilaian kualitas menggunakan Cochrane RoB 2 dan Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Hasil menunjukkan konsistensi asupan vitamin K lebih penting dibanding jumlah absolut dalam menjaga stabilitas INR. Suplementasi dosis rendah (150 mcg/hari) efektif menurunkan fluktuasi ekstrem INR. Pemberian vitamin K untuk INR tinggi (≥4) aman dan efektif menurunkan risiko perdarahan serta mortalitas tanpa meningkatkan tromboembolisme. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsistensi konsumsi vitamin K merupakan faktor kunci efektivitas terapi warfarin. Edukasi harus menekankan konsistensi daripada pembatasan ketat. Diperlukan RCT berskala besar dengan tindak lanjut lebih panjang dan integrasi data genetik.
Peningkatan Pemahaman Masyarakat Mengenai Penggunaan Antibiotik untuk Cegah Resistensi di Kampung Rawa Panjang Mulki, Munir Alinu; Sholih, Mally Ghinan; Utami, Marsah Rahmawati; Siboro, Dewi Pratiwi Purba
Kolaborasi Masyarakat Volume 1 Issue 1
Publisher : ETFLIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58920/kolmas0101210

Abstract

Antibiotics are substances or compounds that are either synthetically produced or naturally generated by microorganisms, especially fungi. They are used as inhibitors of other microorganisms. The use of antibiotics in humans is based on their minimal toxicity to the human body. Inaccurate and prolonged use of antibiotics can lead to the development of resistance. A step taken to minimize antibiotic resistance is the introduction of the 2023 PITIK (Penyuluhan Informasi Tentang Antibiotik) program. Thirty-three participants from the community around Kampung Rawa Panjang, Gang Pemuda, RT 01/RW 05, Kota Bekasi, attended this antibiotic education program. Education for the community was conducted using a cross-sectional approach and a questionnaire as an instrument. The results of questionnaire data analysis show that public understanding of the definition, how it works, side effects, how to purchase and how to use antibiotics correctly increased from 27.3% to 93.9%. Therefore, it can be concluded that this education program helps improve public awareness of the proper use of antibiotics.
Perbandingan Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Flavonoid dari Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera L.) Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis Puteri Rahma Maharani; Izmi Haura Syahida; Munir Alinu Mulki
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.677

Abstract

The bioactive compounds found in moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) can function as natural antioxidants to protect cells from damaging free radicals. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the antioxidant activity of moringa leaves according to the type of solvent, analyze the relationship between antioxidant capacity and concentration of active compounds, and determine the best solvent. Extraction was carried out using ethanol, methanol, and aquades solvents, followed by testing antioxidant activity using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method on DPPH radicals. The content of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins in the extract was measured to understand their contribution to antioxidant activity Based on the results of the study, the extract containing ethanol solvent showed the most powerful antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 103.98 ppm. In conclusion, the type of solvent has a significant effect on the antioxidant activity of moringa leaves, with ethanol solvents being the most effective option. This research strengthens the potential of moringa leaves as a natural source of antioxidants that can be utilized for applications in the pharmaceutical and health fields, although further research is needed to optimize extraction techniques and the development of moringa oleifera leaf-based product
Artikel Tinjauan: Perbandingan Metode KLT, KCKT, dan Spektrofotometri UV-VIS untuk Deteksi dan Kuantifikasi Paraben Pada Kosmetik Hanifah Nur Widodo; Munir Alinu Mulki; Biandra Cinta Ramadhani; Salsabila Ramadani
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1193

Abstract

Parabens are widely used preservatives in cosmetic products to inhibit microbial growth; however, excessive exposure has been associated with endocrine disruption and skin irritation. This study reviews and compares analytical methods used for the identification and quantification of parabens in cosmetic products, namely Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Literature searching was conducted through PubMed and Google Scholar for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria as original research utilizing one of the three analytical methods. TLC is effective for preliminary qualitative identification based on Rf values but is less suitable for quantitative analysis. UV–Vis spectrophotometry allows rapid determination of paraben levels within a λmax range of 254–258 nm and provides reliable results for relatively simple matrices. HPLC generally demonstrates the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, commonly employing C18 columns, methanol–aquadest mobile phases, retention times of 3–11 minutes, and high linearity (R² ≥ 0.999). Several studies also reported paraben levels exceeding the safety limits established by BPOM RI, highlighting the importance of chromatographic confirmation in cosmetic surveillance. Therefore, the selection of analytical methods should follow a fit-for-purpose approach based on analytical objectives, matrix complexity, and regulatory requirements to ensure product safety.
Molecular identification and antibacterial activity of endophytic bacteria from Bambusa vulgaris leaves as antibacterial potential against phatogenic microoganism Jekmal Malau; Vriezka Mierza; Munir Alinu Mulki; Lestari Mahardika Urbaningrum; Vina Luthfiana Hasna; Priscinya Christiana Debora
JURNAL INDONESIA DARI ILMU LABORATORIUM MEDIS DAN TEKNOLOGI Vol 7 No 2 (2025): From Natural Compounds to Disease Mechanisms: An Integrated Research Outlook
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/ijmlst.v7i2.6538

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a critical global health concern, necessitating the exploration of novel antibacterial solutions. Endophytic bacteria, which colonize plant tissues without causing harm, have gained attention as potential sources of bioactive metabolites. This study aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from Bambusa vulgaris leaves and evaluate their antibacterial potential against pathogenic microorganisms. Leaf samples were collected from Bekasi, West Java, and subjected to a surface sterilization process prior to bacterial isolation. A total of 12 bacterial strains were successfully obtained and screened for antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis using the agar well diffusion assay. Three isolates exhibited notable inhibitory activity, with P8 demonstrating the strongest antibacterial effects against B. subtilis, P. acnes, and S. epidermidis. The two most potent isolates, P8 and K3, were characterized via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Genomic DNA extraction was performed, followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification using the universal primers 27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATYMTGGCTCAG-3′) and 1492R (5′-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′). Sequencing and The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis confirmed that isolate P8 exhibited 100% similarity to B. subtilis strain LZH-H1, whereas isolate K3 shared 99.85% similarity with Pantoea stewartii subsp. indologenes strain SR2-12. These findings suggest that endophytic bacteria from B. vulgaris endohytic bacteria hold promise as potential sources of antibacterial compounds. Further research is necessary to purify and characterize these bioactive metabolites for potential pharmaceutical applications.
Sintesis Hijau Nanopartikel Perak (AgNP) berbasis Ekstrak Tanaman: Karakterisasi dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Rahma Amalia; Munir Alinu Mulki; Yesica Natalia Lawrence
BEST Journal (Biology Education, Sains and Technology) Vol 8, No 2 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/best.v8i2.14169

Abstract

Sintesis hijau (green synthesis) nanopartikel perak (AgNP) menggunakan ekstrak tanaman merupakan pendekatan ramah lingkungan yang kini banyak dikembangkan sebagai alternatif metode kimia konvensional yang berpotensi menghasilkan limbah berbahaya. Proses ini memanfaatkan senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, fenolik, tanin, dan terpenoid yang berperan sebagai bioreduktor dan capping agent dalam mereduksi ion Ag⁺ menjadi logam Ag⁰. Artikel ini merupakan systematic review yang disusun berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA 2020 dengan menganalisis 12 penelitian terkait metode sintesis, karakterisasi, dan aktivitas antibakteri AgNP terhadap bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa proses sintesis dipengaruhi oleh jenis pelarut, konsentrasi AgNO₃, suhu, waktu reaksi, dan rasio ekstrak terhadap prekursor. Karakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometri UV–Vis menunjukkan puncak serapan khas Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) pada rentang 390–470 nm dengan ukuran partikel 5–129 nm yang dominan berbentuk sferis. Aktivitas antibakteri AgNP menunjukkan peningkatan seiring bertambahnya konsentrasi, dengan nilai MIC dan MBC yang rendah serta zona hambat yang besar, menandakan sifat bakterisidal yang kuat. Mekanisme kerjanya melibatkan kerusakan membran sel, peningkatan permeabilitas, dan pembentukan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) yang menyebabkan lisis dan kematian bakteri. Secara keseluruhan, sintesis hijau AgNP berbasis ekstrak tanaman menghasilkan nanopartikel yang stabil, homogen, dan efektif sebagai agen antibakteri alami yang berpotensi dikembangkan dalam bidang biomedis berkelanjutan
Penyuluhan PHARMAGENZ: Cancer Awareness Pada Siswa Sman 1 Telukjambe Kabupaten Karawang Mally Ghinan Sholih; Marsah Rahmawati Utami; Dia Septiani; Vriezka Mierza; Mukarromah Dita Putri; Munir Alinu Mulki; Dzaky Teguh Ramadhani; Anisa Amanda Putri; Zahra Dwi Prameswari; Nur Asyifa Rizkia Navisa; Zhafira Aulia Hasanah
Jurnal Adiguna Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Adiguna Pengabdian Masyarakat Juli 2026
Publisher : Universitas Bhakti Kencana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70410/japm.v3i1.98

Abstract

Kanker tidak hanya menyerang orang dewasa, tetapi juga menjadi ancaman serius bagi anak-anak dan remaja. Setiap tahunnya, diperkirakan lebih dari 400.000 anak dan remaja berusia 0-19 tahun didiagnosis kanker, dengan lebih dari 105.000 anak meninggal akibat kanker. Oleh karena itu, kami melaksanakan kegiatan Penyuluhan PharmaGenZ: Cancer Awareness yang akan menjelaskan mengenai pengenalan kanker secara umum, faktor-faktor risiko yang dapat dicegah, serta pentingnya deteksi dini untuk menurunkan angka kematian akibat kanker. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode edukatif demonstratif dan interaktif, yaitu metode penyampaian materi dengan cara penjelasan langsung, pemutaran video edukatif, penyajian slide presentasi, pemaparan visual, dan diskusi dua arah. Evaluasi pengetahuan dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner pretest dan posttest. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan yang signifikan. Nilai rata-rata pretest siswa adalah 75, meningkat menjadi 96,11 pada posttest. Berdasarkan uji normalitas Kolmogorov-Smirnov, data memiliki p < 0,05 sehingga tidak berdistribusi normal. Analisis dilanjutkan dengan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test dan diperoleh nilai nilai Z = 4.602 dengan p = 0.000, yang menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara nilai pretest dan posttest. Intervensi penyuluhan dengan bantuan media leaflet dan poster terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa kelas XII IPA 4 SMAN 1 Telukjambe mengenai kanker dan pentingnya deteksi dini
Co-Authors Affandhy, Adhwa'a Kaylla Afifah Rusyda Sani Ain Luthfiannisa Akifah, Muthia Nur Aldila Divana Sarie Alfina Oktavianti Amanda Maharani Amelia , Tiara Cinta Angel Novia Fransiska Anggi Ayu Pratama Anisa Amanda Putri Anisa Aula Rahma Anisa Fauziah Annisa Frastica Septi Aprillia, Cantika Arline Rahmadianti Kusumawardhani Asman Hitopik Asri Yuniar Aurora Fatimatuz Zahro Azzahra , Khaerunisa Basmalah, Nur Biandra Cinta Ramadhani Cantika Nurul Sa&#039;adah Cantika Nurul Sa'adah Chalisya Vanya Advaita Choerunnisa Choerunnisa Datu Muhammad Cordova Dia Septiani Diva Afiah Hanifa Irawan Dzaky Teguh Ramadhani Elsya Martia Elvira Julia Ariyanto Elyyana, Nina Elzandra Imola Vioniken Eriyanti Astika Esti Syahrin Faizal Auladi Rivianto Fathina Annajla Febry Nola Odhia Fikri Aldebaran Misbah Azizi Fitriana, Nariyyah Giga Anugerah Arsylrakhmatika Gun Gun Gumilar Hanifah Nur Widodo Hariadi , Nayla Nur Azkia Hariadi, Nayla Nur Azkia Haura, Izmi Herdiana Verliani Hidayat, Sofianti Ibtisamah Haura Ihsan Alfiandri Ilmi, Yuniar Fathil Indah Laily Hilmi Indah Laily Hilmi Indah Laily Hilmi Indriyani, Yuni Lili Iqbal Ramdhani Asa’af Irene Virda Sakina Isyana S alsabila Izmi Haura Syahida Jasmine Rahma Saputri Jekmal Malau Jekmal Malau Julianti, Nurlia Karlina Dwi Samratul Jannah Laprilski , Dewi Hanun Lestari Mahardika Urbaningrum Lestari, Sepiyani Ayu Lina Nurfadhila Madame Marselly Sebayang Maharani, Puteri Rahma Mally Ghinan Sholih Mally Ghinan Sholih Mally Ghinan Sholih Mally Ghinan Sholih Marsah Rahmawati Utami Marsah Rahmawati Utami Martia, Elsya Meliana Sari Melisa Intan Barliana Mochamad Galuh Ryandha Moza Aulia Syifni Muhammad Fajri Maariz Muhammad Ja'far Ash Shidiq Muhammad Naufal Nurhadi Hidayat Muhammad Naufal Nurhadi Hidayat Muhammad Naufal Nurhadi Hidayat Muhammad Raka Tresna Mukarromah Dita Putri Mulidini Mulidini Mutia Desvi Putri Mutiara Alfiyah Najah Fatihatul Arifia Najla Yusiana Wahyudi Nanda Diva Meilani Nariyyah Fitriana Nissa Khalida Hanum Nolla Olipia Elva Megrian Nur Asyifa Rizkia Navisa Nur Darmawan, Shiyami Aulia Nur Komala Fitri Nurfadhila, Lina Nurfirah Mubarok Nurhadis, Nurhadis Nurlia Julianti Nurlita Dwi Putri Prihasti Nurlita Dwi Putri Prihasti Nurlita Dwiputri Prihasti Nurma Dwi Rahmawati Pratama, Reza Priscinya Christiana Debora Priscinya Christiana Debora Puteri Rahma Maharani Putri Setya Tyasna Putri Wahyu Primasti Putri Wulanbirru Rachel Noveriachristie Balapadang Rahma Amalia Ratu Siti Robiatul Awaliyah Rifa Nur Alia Rima Putri Ramadhani Riska Shafira Rizki Rava Dwi Putra Roudotul Jannah Roudotul Jannah Sa'adah, Cantika Nurul Sa'diyyah, Nur Saarah Hamidah Asmara Indratno Safira Rosyidah Salma Alviyah Salman Salman Salsabila Granadha Nibullah Salsabila Ramadani Saputro, M. Ramadhan Septiani, Dia Shafira Intan Anggraini Shalum Putriyani Shinta Puspa Dwiyanti Sholih, Mally Ghinan Siboro, Dewi Pratiwi Purba Siska Bela Safitri Siti Nafisa Siti Nur Istiqomah Siti Nuriah Siti Rohmah Siti Rosilfa Marisa Sofianti Hidayat Sophy Wulandari Sri Rahayu Subekti, Firli Reisya Sudarjat, Hadi Sukma Wibowo, Sepvia Putri Sulistiawati Sulistiawati Syelziva Yonda Atwita Syifa Khairunnisa TIANA MILANDA Tiara Cinta Amelia Tiara Nurayuni Tintia Rafika Putri Tiwi Ambarati Velieana Laurent Sanjaya Vina Luthfiana Hasna Vriezka Mierza Vriezka Mierza Vriezka Mierza Welly Windari Yesica Natalia Lawrence Yumareta Anggun Yuni Lili Indriyani Yuni Lili Indriyani Yuniar Fathil Ilmi Zahra Dwi Prameswari Zakiyah, Wildani Zhafira Aulia Hasanah Zuyyinna Alya Abbas