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Aminudin, Aminudin
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Journal : JURNAL PANGAN

 1 
Kajian Perbandingan Mutu Gabah dan Beras Hasil Pengolahan di Unit Penggilingan Padi PPK di Jawa Barat Aminudin, Aminudin
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 33 No. 3 (2024): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v33i3.878

Abstract

       Keberadaan Penggilingan Padi Kecil (PPK) di pedesaan mempunyai posisi strategis dan bisa menyumbang pada peningkatan produksi beras. Diduga terdapat variasi pola tahapan mesin yaitu berapa kali proses cleaner, husker, separator, dan polisher di PPK dan berpengaruh terhadap mutu beras yang digiling. Tujuan kajian ini adalah memperoleh pola tahapan mesin di PPK yang dominan dapat meningkatkan mutu beras. Kajian ini dilakukan pada PPK di Jawa Barat melalui survei, wawancara dan pengambilan sampel. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah pola tahapan mesin, mutu gabah, dan beras. Mutu gabah yang diukur adalah kadar air, kadar kotor hampa, butir hijau kapur, butir kuning rusak, dan butir merah. Mutu beras yang dianalisis adalah rendemen beras pecah kulit (BPK), beras giling (BG), beras kepala (BK), beras patah (BP), menir, butir kapur (K), butir kuning rusak (KR), dan butir gabah (G). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan tiga pola tahapan mesin yang umum diterapkan PPK di Jawa Barat yaitu 0-1-0-1, 0-2-0-2, dan 0-2-1-2. Dari ketiga pola tersebut, pola tahapan mesin 0-1-0-1 yaitu gabah yang diproses mesin penggilingannya satu kali husker, dan satu kali polisher memperlihatkan hasil mutu beras terbaik, dibandingkan dengan tiga pola lainnya. Pada pola tersebut memberikan nilai rendemen beras kepala 74,30±1,64%, beras patah 19,41±2,85%, dan rendemen beras giling 69,07±3,09%. Terdapat korelasi antara pola tahapan mesin penggilingan padi di PPK dengan mutu beras yang dihasilkan. Makin banyak proses pada satu unit mesin mengakibatkan rendemen makin tinggi pada beras pecah kulit, beras patah, dan menir, serta menurunkan rendemen beras kepala dan butir gabah.        In rural areas, small rice mills (PPK) play an important role and can improve rice production. The frequency of the washing, hulling, separating and milling processes in PPK varies and is believed to have a potential impact on milled rice quality. This study aimed to find the pattern of machine stages in PPK that can significantly enhance rice quality. This study was carried out at PPKs in three West Java districts using surveys, interviews, and sampling. The information gathered included rice and paddy quality, and also machine stage trends. Moisture content, gross hull content, lime green rice, damaged yellow rice, and red rice were used to measure the quality of the rice. The yields of cracked rice (BPK), milled rice (BG), head rice (BK), broken rice (BP), groats, lime rice (K), damaged yellow rice (KR), and rice grain (G) were used to assess the quality of the rice. The findings demonstrated three machine stage patterns, 0-1-0-1, 0-2-0-2, and 0-2-1-2, that PPK frequently uses in West Java. In comparison to the other three patterns, the 0-1-0- 1 machine stage pattern, that is, rice processed by a milling machine, husker, and polisher, exhibited the highest outcomes for rice quality. The yield of milled rice was 69.07±3.09%, broken rice was 19.41±2.85%, and head rice was 74.30±1.64% as a result of this pattern. The quality of the rice produced in PPK is correlated with the stage pattern of the rice milling machines. Higher yields of cracked rice, broken rice, and groats and lower yields of head rice and paddy were the outcomes of having more processes in a single machine unit.
Co-Authors Abinowi, Egi Achyar Zein, Achyar AGUNG SEDAYU Agustine, Merryam Ahmad, Baaras Annursyah, Hasbi Arif, Mirzan Asmini, Riskayanti Aulyah, Khairunnisa Azhari SN Azzahra, Kiara Badrud Tamam Cahyanto, Mochammad Andre Chandranegara, Didih Rizki Cucun Sunaengsih, Cucun Darmiani, Darmiani Darmiyani, Darmiyani Dewi Cahyani, Dewi Diah Sri Rejeki Dinda Puspa Aprilia Eko Budi Cahyono Evi Nursanti Rukmana, Evi Nursanti Farihin, Ahmad Fauziah, Sitti Fendy Hardian Permana Ferdiansyah, Danny Fitrah, Nurul Fitri, Yeni Nuriah Gita Indah Marthasari Gustitik, Gustitik Hamzah Hamzah Hari Gursida Haryamadha, Rama Hasan Hasan Helmi, Ahmad Faisal Hidayatullah, Agus Hikmah Hayati, Ela Hilmiyati, Fitri Ianatut Thoifah Ibrahim, Abdullah iis arifudin Ikhsan, Muh Indrayono , Yohanes Indrayono, Yohanes Irham, Muhammad Iqbal J, Raudatul Khairil Anwar Khoirun, Fattah Lathifah, Fildzah Lubis, Fauziah LUKMAN, LUKMAN Luqman Hakim M, Intan Mahar Faiqurahman Mahyaddin, Fikriyah Maksum, M. Syukron Mansur Mansur Masitoh, Imas maulana, lana Mohamad Isnin Noer Muchtar Mawardi Mufida, Mufti Fathur Mumun Munawaroh Muslichuddin, Muslichuddin Ngantori, Ngantori Nur Hasanah Nurasiah Nurasiah Nurazizah, Wafiq Nurfatimah Nurfatimah Nuriana Nurrohman, Endrik Panjaitan, Budi Sastra Purno W, Ari Putri Sugarna, Kailla N. Putri, Novita Qadriah, Fauza Rachmawati, Ade Like Rahmah, Alisa Qothrun Nada Rahmayanti, Rika Ramadi, Bagus Ratna Widyawati Ratnasari, Diana Fatimah Rismawati Rismawati Rizky, Wahyu Rokan, Mustapa Kamal Ros Mayasari Rosita, Desyi RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari Ruhita, Ruhita S.P, Herliana Sadat, Fahad Achmad Saiful Amien Samsu Samsu Samsuri Samsuri Santiyas, Handika Rama Saputra, Roy Inzaqhi Saputry Wahyuni, Haria Saputry, Haria Sari, Septi Sari, Septi Purnama Sari, Tasya Novian Indah Sofyan Arifianto Sukardi, Akhmad Sukiati Sukiati Sulistiyo, Dwi Suparman Suparman Trisya Septiana Umi Habibah Utomo, Dimas Wahyu Wa Muna, Wa Wasehudin, Wasehudin WAZIN WAZIN, WAZIN Wibowo, Anggono Kusumo Wicaksono, Galih Wasis Y.P, Martoni Yanuardi, Muhammad Irsyad Yuliana Yuliana Yuni Pantiwati Zalzabilla, Syelita Nisa Zulaeha Zulaeha Zulham, Zulham