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Dewi Satria Ahmar
Department Of Chemistry Education, Faculty Of Teacher Training And Education, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
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Journal : Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA

 1 
Synergistic Effects of Problem-Based Learning and VAK Learning Styles on Critical Thinking and Self-Efficacy in High School Chemistry Sugrah, Nurfatimah; Mustafa, Linda Kurnia; Rakhman, Khusna Arif; Ahmar, Dewi Satria; Rahim, Fazly; Inayah, Nurul
Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA Vol 26, No 4 (2025): Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA
Publisher : FKIP Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jpmipa.v26i4.pp2343-2365

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of learning styles and learning models on students’ critical thinking skills and self-efficacy in chemistry, with a focus on atomic structure and fundamental chemical laws. The research design employed was a quasi-experimental 2×3 factorial design with 108 tenth-grade high school students. The independent variables were the learning model (Problem-Based Learning/PBL and direct instruction) and learning styles (visual, auditory, kinesthetic). In contrast, the dependent variables were critical thinking skills and self-efficacy. Data were collected using the VAK learning style inventory, a validated critical thinking test, and a self-efficacy questionnaire. Data analysis employed two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post hoc tests. The results revealed that both learning models and learning styles significantly impacted students’ critical thinking skills. Students with kinesthetic learning styles performed better in critical thinking than those with visual or auditory learning styles. However, learning styles did not significantly influence self-efficacy, suggesting that students’ confidence is more strongly shaped by mastery experiences, positive feedback, and social support. The PBL model significantly enhanced both critical thinking skills and self-efficacy, highlighting the value of collaborative and contextual learning activities in developing higher-order thinking and motivation. A significant interaction was observed between learning styles and learning models, with a notable benefit for visual and kinesthetic learners in terms of self-efficacy. This study acknowledges the fundamental limitation of the VAK framework, as empirical evidence for its validity remains weak; hence, interpretations should be made cautiously. Theoretically, the findings support Bandura’s social cognitive theory, which emphasizes that self-efficacy and learning outcomes are shaped through active engagement and authentic experiences. Practically, this study suggests designing adaptive PBL approaches aligned with learners’ diverse characteristics to optimize both motivation and confidence in chemistry learning. Keywords: learning styles, problem-based learning (PBL), critical thinking skills, self-efficacy.
Co-Authors Aan Febriawan Abdul Kamaruddin Abdur Rahman Arif Aceng Haetami, Aceng Adwi Restafara Afadil Agus Nasir Agus Nasir, Agus Agussatriana Ahmad Kadir Kilo Ahmar, Ansari Saleh Alifa, Nur Alifta Alifta Alimuddin Alimuddin Anang Wahid M.Diah Andi Saadillah Anggreni, Afrillia Anggriani, Windi Arwansyah Arwansyah Arwansyah Ayu Kusumawati Ayu Rahayu Ayu Rahayu Azzajjad, Muhammad Fath Dewi Natalia Marpaung Dian Permana Eko Hariyadi Esterlina Marpaung, Meida H Halima Hanisa, Siti Haris Munandar Hayyatun Mawaddah Hijrinia Kusumaning Ayu Ifriana, Ifriana Ilimu, Edi Iyan Nurdiyan Haris Jamaludin M Sakung Jesi Jecsen Pongkendek Jesi Jecsen Pongkendek Jesi Jecsen Pongkendek Karina Nadya Sirajuddin Kasmudin Mustapa Khusna Arif Rakhman, Khusna Arif Lilies N Tangge Magfirah Magfirah Magfirah Magfirah Magfirah Magfirah, Magfirah Manalu, Yessi Febianti Mardiana Marpaung, Dewi Natalia Metoli, Erwin Priscal Miswandi Tendrita Mohammad Jamhari Muh. Syahrir Muhammad Ismail Muhammad Ismail Muhammad Zikra Musdalifatul Adewia Mustafa, Linda Kurnia Neks Triani Nur Anisa Nur Azizah Nur Jannah Baturante Nurfadila, Safna Nurfatimah Sugrah Nurfianti Nurul Inayah Pathuddin Patmasari, Andi Poba, Detris Pongkendek, Jesi Jecsen Purnama Ningsih Rahim, Fazly Rahman, Nurul Aulia Rahmatia, Sitti Ratman Ratman Ratman Riadhatul Ulum Rizki, Nur Riani Roy Kulyawan Ruslin Hadanu Sangkota, Vivi Dia A. Sari, Nurita Sari, Sintya Puspita Sely Artasasta Lawongo Siti Nuryanti Sitti Rahmatia Sitti Rahmawati Sri Hastuti Virgianti Pulukadang Sri Muliani, Sri Sri Mulyani Sabang Sudir Umar Suherman Suherman, Suherman sukmawati Sukmawati Sukmawati Supriadi Supriadi Syafitri, Dhini Syahrir, Muh. Tonio, Sarinah Emilia Tri Santoso Tri Santoso Tri Santoso Tukaedja, Sindi Velesia Vivi Dia A Sangkota Wahab, Zamil Wilda Utami WINARSIH Yasin, Yusril Zulkifli Zulkifli