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Optimization of Tween 80 and Span 80 Combination in the Formulation of Niacinamide-Containing Body Lotion Vica Aspadiah; Nur Illiyyin Akib; Astrid Indalifiany; Rahmat Muliadi; Reza Rosita Layuk
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Natural Resources Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Pharmaceutical and Natural Resources
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jpnar.v1i1.pp1-7

Abstract

Body lotion is a liquid emulsion preparation consisting of an oil phase and a water phase stabilized by emulsifiers, functioning to maintain skin moisture and provide protection. One of the most widely used active ingredients in current cosmetic formulations is niacinamide, known for its effectiveness in brightening the skin, enhancing the skin barrier function, and reducing hyperpigmentation. The success of a body lotion formulation depends largely on the appropriate selection and concentration of emulsifiers to achieve emulsion stability and optimal physical characteristics. This study aimed to optimize the combination of Tween 80 and Span 80 emulsifiers in a body lotion formulation containing niacinamide using a 2² factorial design method with the assistance of Design-Expert software. The formulation was evaluated based on several physical parameters, including pH, adhesiveness, spreadability, viscosity, homogeneity, emulsion type, and physical stability, as well as a hedonic test assessing color, odor, and texture. Optimization results indicated that the best formulation was obtained from a combination of 1% Tween 80 and 10% Span 80. The resulting product had a pH of 6.4, adhesiveness of 112 seconds, spreadability of 6.1 cm, viscosity of 16,568.3 cps, good homogeneity, and demonstrated a stable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion type without phase separation. Therefore, the optimum combination of Tween 80 and Span 80 in concentrations of 1% and 10%, respectively, yields a physically stable niacinamide-containing body lotion.
Optimization of a Niacinamide Moisturizing Cream Formula Using a Combination of Virgin Coconut Oil and Tea Tree Oil as the Oil Phase Rahmat Muliadi; Vica Aspadiah; Suryani; Wa Ode Sitti Zubaydah; Fery Indradewi Armadany; Purnama Alia Rizki
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Natural Resources Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Pharmaceutical and Natural Resources
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jpnar.v1i1.pp14-19

Abstract

The skin is one of the most important organs of the body to function as a protective barrier against the prevention of water and electrolyte loss. This causes dry skin to look dull, scaly, rough surface, and evenly dry white areas. then facial skin care is needed, one of which is to use moisturizers containing ingredients that work with mechanisms (occlusive), (humectant), and (emollient). The dosage form of moisturizer that is often used is cream. The combination of VCO and tea tree oil as active ingredients in this moisturizing cream formula is expected to have a synergistic effect in increasing the effectiveness of the cream in overcoming dry skin. VCO and tea tree oil are safe to use in skin moisturizing formulations. the purpose of this study is to determine the Optimization of the Niacinamide Moisturizing Cream Formula Combination of VCO and Tea tree oil as an Oil Phase and use a Software Design Expert to determine the physical characteristics and stability of the preparation. Optimization of moisturizing cream formula using factorial design method 22 with VCO factor and Tea tree oil and using viscosity response, dispersion, and adhesion. The stability test compares tests from organoleptic, pH, dispersion, adhesion, and homogeneity before and after phase separation tests and cycling tests. Based on the test results of this study, an optimum formula using VCO and Tea tree oil was obtained showing good dosage characteristics in the form of good organoleptic tests, viscosity before cycling test 12328.735 and after cycling test 12328.731, average pH 6.1 before cycling test and 6.5 after cycling test, average dispersion 6.6 before cycling test and cycling test 6.6, Adhesion 86.33 seconds before cycling test and after cycling test 85.67 seconds after cycling test and homogeneity test showed homogeneous preparations both before and after cycling test. All test values of the characteristics of moisturizing creams that have been stored meet the stability test requirements based on their test parameters.
Co-Authors Abrar Adryan Fristiohady Aftira, Nidya Ahmad, Murliyana Ali, Nur Fitriana Muhammad Amalia, Afriani Amilia Primawanty Andriani, Rina Anwar, Irvan Aprillia, Dilla Arba, Muhammad Armadhani, Fery Indradewi Asniar Pascayantri Asrianti, Wa Ode Asrul Sani Asrul Sani, Asrul Astrid Indalifiany Astrid Indalifiany Azzahra, Dhealfa Bafadal, Mentarry Baru Sadarun Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni Diana Pratiwi Fadhliyah Malik Faeni Feny Rizkiana Poko Fery Indradewi Fery Indradewi Armadany Firda, Andi Fristiohady, Adryan Gamoro, Ayu Riski Halik Halik, Halik Halimahtussaddiyah Ritonga Hamuni, Muhammad Farid Hanija, Nur Haris, Restu Hartawaty, Siska Septy Hasnawati Hasnawati Hasnawati Hasnawati Husniati Husniati, Husniati Idawati Idawati Indalifiany, Astrid Indria Hafizah Irmayani Jubir Jabbar, Asriullah Jubir, Irmayani Jumilta Karangan, Refky Caesar Kasmawati, Henny La Ode Nggawu Loly Subhiaty Idrus Loly Subhiaty Idrus Longgi, Anggun S. Mahmudah, Rifa’atul Mahmudah, Rifa’atul Malaka, Muhammad Hajrul Malina, Rachma Marchelda, Theyuci Masrida, Wa Ode Mega Fatimah Rosana Mesi Leorita, Mesi Mugiarno, Dita Oktavianti Muhammad Ammar Muhammad Handoyo Sahumena Munasari, Dian Murniati Muzuni, Muzuni Nabilah, Kezia Azzahra Nadiya Mutmainnah NASRUDIN Nauli, Agnes Negoro, Wianda Puspo Novani, Bestari Nur Aida Nur Annisa Nur Illiyin Akib, Nur Illiyin Nur Illiyyin Akib Nur Illiyyin Akib Nur Illiyyin Akib Nur Illiyyin Akib Nur Intan Darwis Nur Rayani Nurramadhani A. Sida Nursyam Nursyam Nurul Karina, Nurul Nurull Hikmah Nurull Hikmah Parawansah Parrung, Arsyani Pascayantri, Asniar Purnama Alia Rizki Puspita Sari Putri, Riski Melani Rachma Malina RAHMAT MULIADI RAHMAT MULIADI, RAHMAT Ramadhani, Rizky Barkah Restu Nur Hasanah Restu Nur Hasanah Haris Reza Rosita Layuk Rifa'atul Mahmudah Rifaldi, Aimar Rifa’atul Mahmudah Rina Andriani Rivai, Talitha Nayla Shabira Rosmaria, Rosmaria Ruslin, Ruslin Sabarudin Sabarudin Sabarudin Sabarudin Sahidin . Sahumena, Muhammad Handoyo Salam, Audi’ah Putri Amaliah Saputri, Wanda Januarty Sari, Dini Putri Sarry, Elita Puspita Septrilia, Shara Sinta, Dwi Sitti Nuraisyah Wahyuningrum Sitti Raodah Nurul Jannah Sitti Zubaydah, Wa Ode Solly Aryza Sukma, Tsaqila Aulia Sunandar Ihsan, Sunandar SURYANI Suryani Suryani Tias, Ayuning Tolohuly, Syahril Musafir Ratu Wa O.S. Zubaydah Wa Ode Masrida Wa Ode Sitti Zubaydah Wa Ode Sitti Zubaydah Wahyuni Wahyuni wahyuni wahyuni Waode, Nurul Wardana, Gede Yogi Prana Yamin Yamin, Yamin Yunita Dawu Zubaydah, Wa Ode Sitti