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All Journal International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) MEDIA PETERNAKAN - Journal of Animal Science and Technology Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Jurnal Teknologi Dan Industri Pangan Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika (JST) Buletin Peternakan Pastura; Journal Of Tropical Forage Science Jurnal Veteriner Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Jurnal Ilmiah Aplikasi Isotop Radiasi BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Agri-Informatika Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia JURNAL PETERNAKAN WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) JITRO (Jurnal Ilmiah dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis) Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan Warta IHP (Warta Industri Hasil Pertanian) Jurnal Biodjati Animal Production : Indonesian Journal of Animal Production Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Tropical Animal Science Journal Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis dan Ilmu Pakan Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan Tadarus Tarbawy : Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Pendidikan PETERPAN (Jurnal Peternakan Terapan) Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Livestock and Animal Research Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan Policy Brief Pertanian, Kelautan, dan Biosains Tropika Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Jurnal Agripet Animal Production

Anuraga Jayanegara

Department Of Nutrition And Feed Technology, Faculty Of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia

Author-ID : 291854

Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Transportation Veterinary Other

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Increasing the Quality of Agricultural and Plantation Residues using Combination of Fiber Cracking Technology and Urea for Ruminant Feeds S. P. Dewi; M. Ridla; E. B. Laconi; A. Jayanegara
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 41 No. 2 (2018): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

This experiment aimed to evaluate the decrease of the fiber fraction of some agricultural and plantation residues after being treated with Fiber Cracking Technology (FCT) and urea. The residues included rice straw, oil palm frond (OPF), oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), cocoa pod and coffee husk. They were added with 5% urea and incubated in FCT at temperature 135oC and pressure 2.3 atm for 2.5 h. The experimental treatments were arranged as a factorial design 5 × 2, in which the first factor was various agricultural and plantation residues (rice straw, OPF, OPEFB, cocoa pod and coffee husk) and the second factor was FCT application (untreated and treated with FCT + 5% urea), performed in 4 replicates. All treatments were subjected to Van Soest analysis and in vitro digestibility test. The decrease of fiber fraction was confirmed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. Results showed that FCT + 5% urea treatment decreased NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin contents of all samples (P<0.05), and increased IVDMD and IVOMD in comparison to untreated samples (P<0.05). However, the treatment did not alter in vitro methane gas production and VFA profiles of the samples. Analyses using SEM, XRD and FTIR revealed that FCT + 5% urea treatment demolished cell wall component, decreased crystallinity index and cleaved fiber bonds. It was concluded that combination between FCT and urea 5% effectively enhances the quality of some fibrous feed materials.

Effects of Phloroglucinol on In Vitro Methanogenesis, Rumen Fermentation, and Microbial Population Density K. A. Sarwono; M. Kondo; T. Ban-Tokuda; A. Jayanegara; H. Matsui
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 42 No. 2 (2019): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2019.42.2.121

This study investigated the effect of phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) supplementation alone on methane production, rumen fermentation profiles, and microbial population structure of mixed in vitro cultures. Treatments included a control group containing a substrate with no supplement, and substrates supplemented with 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 mmol/L of phloroglucinol. The results revealed that phloroglucinol was able to decrease methane production in a dose-dependent manner. The highest decrease was observed with 8 and 10 mmol/L supplementations. The relative quantity of methanogen was not affected by phloroglucinol, whereas genus Coprococcus was increased with increasing concentrations of phloroglucinol (p<0.05). Total gas production, dry matter digestibility (DMD), and NH3-N were significantly lowered by phloroglucinol (p<0.001). Total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration was not affected by phloroglucinol. Acetate proportion increased with the addition of phloroglucinol at the expense of propionate (p<0.001). This might indicate the redirection of [H] from methane to acetate, and might be related to methane inhibition.. Our study concluded that supplementation of phloroglucinol alone could decrease methane production by inhibiting nutrient digestibility in the rumen and by possible redirection of rumen fermentation to acetate production. Genus Coprococcus could be an important actor for phloroglucinol metabolism in the rumen.

Performance, Physiological Status, and Rumen Fermentation Profiles of Pre- and Post-Weaning Goat Kids Fed Cricket Meal as a Protein Source D. A. Astuti; A. Anggraeny; L. Khotijah; S. Suharti; A. Jayanegara
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 42 No. 2 (2019): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2019.42.2.145

This study was conducted in two experiments with the objectives: (1) to evaluate nutrient intake, physiological status, and performance of pre-weaning goat kids fed with milk replacer containing cricket meal, and (2) to evaluate nutrient intake, rumen fermentation characteristics, blood profiles, and production performance of post-weaning etawah crossbred goats fed with cricket meal as a substitution of soybean meal. Twelve pre-weaning goat kids (3.78±0.50 kg BW) were divided into 3 treatments (4 replicates per treatment), i.e., kids fed with goat milk (GM), cow milk (CM), and milk replacer containing cricket meal (MR). In the second experiment, 12 post-weaning goats (12-14 kg BW) were fed with 3 dietary treatments, i.e., control ration (CM-0), ration containing 15% cricket meal (CM-15), and ration containing 30% cricket meal (CM-30). Parameters measured during 2 months observations were nutrient intake, physiological status, fermentation profiles, blood profiles, and performance. Both experiments used a completely randomized design. Results showed that there were no significant differences in physiological status parameters in pre-weaning goat kids fed with GM, CM or MR. The performance of kids fed with GM was significantly higher (120 g/d) than those fed with CM and MR treatments (p<0.05). In the second experiment, results showed that fat intake in CM-30 was higher than the other treatments (p<0.05), meanwhile dry matter and nutrient intakes were similar. The average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency, and rumen fermentation profiles were similar in all treatments. It is concluded that cricket meal can be used in milk replacer without any negative effect on health status. CM-30 ration has good palatability without any negative effect on the rumen fermentation profiles.

The Assays of Bacteria-Yeast Consortia as Probiotics Candidates and Their Influences on Nutrients Utilization of Quails Diet A. Sofyan; R. S. H. Martin; E. B. Laconi; A. Jayanegara; H. Julendra; E. Damayanti; A. E. Suryani
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 42 No. 3 (2019): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2019.42.3.196

This study aimed to assay L. plantarum (P1), S. cerevisiae (P2), and its combination (P3) as probiotics candidates and their effects on nutrient digestibility in Japanese quails (Cortunix cortunix japonica) diets. In vitro assays were employed to evaluate the antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella pullorum), sensitivity to antibiotics (i.e., streptomycin, penicillin, and erythromycin), stress on bile salt and acidity condition. Evaluation of probiotics on in vivo nutrient utilization was carried out by administration of probiotics to laying quails in drinking water with various treatments (R0, control; R1, L. plantarum; R2, S. cerevisiae; R3, combination of R1+R2; R4, commercial feed additive). Results showed that the highest inhibitory activity was performed by P2 on S. aureus (17.28 mm). Treatments P2 and P3 were resistant to all the tested antibiotics, while P1 was resistant to streptomycin and penicillin. P1 was tolerant to bile salts whereas P2 was tolerant to gastric acidity conditions. For the in vivo experiment, quails fed R1, R2, and R4 had higher nitrogen retention as compared to R0 (p<0.05). However, all treatments revealed similar metabolizable energy values. The cluster analysis showed that quails consuming the combination of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae were within the same cluster with the control but different clusters from the individual probiotics across all parameters, indicating a possible antagonistic effect between the two species. In conclusion, the inclusion of L. plantarum or S. cerevisiae inhibits pathogenic bacteria without influencing nutrient utilization of quail diet.

Sugar, Acid Soluble Polysaccharide, and Total Phenolic Contents in Tropical Legumes and Their Relationships with In Vitro Nutrient Fermentability A. Ikhwanti; A. Jayanegara; I. G. Permana; W. W. Wardani; Y. Retnani; A. A. Samsudin
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 43 No. 4 (2020): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.4.331

Tropical legume is a type of C4 plant that has been adaptive to hot environments. Therefore, tropical legumes require energy reserves in the form of sugar and starch. This study aimed to explain the relationship between sugar, starch, and tannin contents of tropical legumes and their in vitro fermentation profiles. Samples of Bauhinia purpurea, Pterocarpus indicus, Tamarindus indica, Calopogonium mucunoides, Macroptilium atropurpureum, and Stylosanthes guianensis were tested by proximate analysis, Van Soest, and in vitro nutrient fermentability. The in vitro fermentability consisted of dry matter degradability (DMD), organic matter degradability (OMD), volatile fatty acid (VFA), methane and ammonia concentrations, and gas production. The gas production kinetics were determined as gas production from soluble nutrient (a), maximum gas production (a+b), and rate of gas production (c). All samples were tested using the orthogonal contrast test to compare in vitro fermentability characteristics between the different types of legumes and their tannin contents. Results revealed that the average content of the legumes dry matter examined was 22% with CP content of 15% -28%. The legumes in this study had average content of 3.74% sugar, 21.86% ASP, and 0.3% total phenolics (dry matter basis). Acid soluble polysaccharides content in legumes had a positive correlation with degradability, ammonia concentration, and total gas production (p<0.05). However, sugar content did not have a correlation with the other in vitro fermentation characteristics. The exploration of sugar and acid soluble polysaccharides content in tropical legumes might be profitable as these nutrients could increase feeding efficiency. Sugar did not have a significant relationship to the characteristics of fermentation, on the contrary, acid soluble polysaccharides had a very close relationship to the characteristics of fermentation. The total phenolics had a close relationship with the production of VFA and ammonia. Tree legumes have better digestibility than shrub legumes.

Enteric Methane Emissions and Rumen Fermentation Profile Treated by Dietary Chitosan: A Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Experiments R. P. Harahap; D. Setiawan; Nahrowi Nahrowi; S. Suharti; T. Obitsu; A. Jayanegara
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 43 No. 3 (2020): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.3.233

Chitosan is a natural compound obtained from deacetylation of chitin, which is a biopolymer present in the exoskeleton of crustaceans such as crabs and shrimp. The present study aimed to perform a meta-analysis from published studies regarding the effects of chitosan on methane emission and rumen fermentation profile of in vitro batch culture experiments. A total of 41 studies from 12 articles were integrated into a database. Parameters included were gas production, methane emission, rumen fermentation characteristics, microbial population, nutrient digestibility, and fatty acid profile. Data were analyzed according to mixed model methodology in which different studies were treated as random effects and chitosan addition levels were treated as fixed effects. Results showed that chitosan addition was able to reduce enteric methane emissions (p<0.001). Such methane decrease was accompanied by a decline in the protozoa population (p<0.05) and a tendency of methanogen reduction (p<0.1). The increasing chitosan level was associated with a decrease in total VFA and ammonia concentrations (both at p<0.001). Chitosan addition decreased acetate proportion (p<0.001) while elevated propionate proportion (p<0.001). Chitosan was associated with an increase of dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p<0.001). Chitosan increased concentrations of C18:3n3 (p<0.05), conjugated linoleic acid (p<0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p<0.01) while decreased concentration of saturated fatty acids (p<0.001). It can be concluded that chitosan addition can mitigate enteric methane emission and alters rumen fermentation profiles in a favorable direction.

Supplementation of Dietary Nano Zn-Phytogenic on Performance, Antioxidant Activity, and Population of Intestinal Pathogenic Bacteria in Broiler Chickens C. Hidayat; Sumiati Sumiati; A. Jayanegara; E. Wina
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 44 No. 1 (2021): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2021.44.1.90

Zinc is one of the essential minerals that are important for poultry. The disadvantage of Zn in the conventional form is its low bioavailability. One of the efforts to increase the bioavailability of Zn is to make it in a nano form. Nano Zn-Phytogenic (NZP), is a combination of Zn and phytogenic compounds of plants in nanoparticle size. The NZP was self-produced utilizing the green synthesis process of inorganic Zn and guava leave extract (Psidium guajava). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation NZP in diet on the performance, antioxidant status, and population of pathogenic intestinal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp) of broilers chicken. This study used 180 males and 180 females of Lohman broilers day old chick (DOC). The experiment was subjected to a completely randomized design with 6 (six) treatments and 5 (five) replications, and each experimental unit consisted of 12 DOCs (6 males and 6 females). The treatment given in this study were; R1= basal diet; R2= R1 + Zn Sulfate (90 mg Zn/kg) + 5.32 mg/kg guava leaf flour with 12.82% water content (added as a source of phytogenic compounds); R3= R1 + NZP (45 mg Zn/kg); R4= R1 + NZP (90 mg Zn/kg); R5= R1 + NZP (135 mg Zn/kg); R6= R1 + NZP (180 mg Zn/kg). The variables observed were performance, antioxidant activity in meat, and population of pathogenic intestinal bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella sp) of broiler chicken. The results showed that the addition of NZP up to a dose of 90 mg Zn/kg in the diet improved (p<0.05) body weight gain compared to the basal diet. The addition of NZP had no significant effect on the FCR. The addition of NZP increased (p<0.05) SOD activity in meat when compared with the dietary treatment without NZP. Groups of chicken fed NZP (R3, R4, R5, R6) had significantly (p<0.05) lower E. coli and Salmonella sp population. It could be concluded that the addition of NZP up to a dose of 90 mg Zn/kg in the diet of broiler chicken had positive benefits in improving performance, increasing antioxidant activity, and reducing pathogenic intestinal bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella sp).

A Meta-analysis of Antimicrobial Peptide Effects on Intestinal Bacteria, Immune Response, and Antioxidant Activity of Broilers M. M. Sholikin; A. T. Wahyudi; A. Jayanegara; J. Nomura; Nahrowi Nahrowi
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 44 No. 2 (2021): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2021.44.2.188

This study used a meta-analysis to systematically assess the effect of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) addition on the number of bacteria, immune responses, and antioxidant activity of broilers. The database was compiled from 29 post evaluation articles that were found in search engines consisted of 36 experiments and 111 data. The mixed model method was used to assess the effect of AMP, with AMP addition level as a fixed effect and experiment as a random effect. The fixed effect was tested for linear and quadratic models. The quadratic model was retained when significant at p<0.05 but turned into its corresponding linear model when insignificant. In the starter phase, AMP addition decreased the number of bacteria in the ileum (coliform and total aerobic bacteria (TAB); (p<0.05), the caecum (Clostridium spp., Escherichia coli, coliform, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB); p<0.05), and excreta (Clostridium spp.; p<0.1). Similarly, the number of bacteria also declined in the ileum (Escherichia coli, p<0.05; TAB, p<0.1), the caecum (LAB; p<0.1), and excreta (Clostridium spp.; p<0.05) of broilers in the finisher phase. There were significant improvements in immune response and antioxidant activity in starter broiler, as indicated by the titer of Newcastle disease (ND) antibody, bursal index, spleen index, and thymus index (p<0.05) due to AMP addition. Variables of immunoglobulin M (IgM), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), ND antibody titer, bursal index, spleen index, and thymus index were also significantly increased (p<0.05) while superoxide dismutase activity (SOD activity) tended to increase (p<0.1) in finisher broiler following the AMP addition. In short, AMP addition is able to suppress the number of pathogenic bacteria and increase the immune response and antioxidant activity of broilers.

Clinical Signs and Blood Variables of Pregnancy Toxemia Goats during Late Gestation and Postpartum A. A. Affan; A. Salleh; M. Zamri-Saad; A. Jayanegara; H. A. Hassim
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 45 No. 1 (2022): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2022.45.1.84

Pregnancy toxemia is one of the common metabolic diseases in ruminant, which has caused a huge economic impact on the dairy industry. Thus, this study aimed to describe the clinical and blood changes in pregnant goats following induction of pregnancy toxemia. Twelve pregnant goats were divided into control (n=3) and treatment (n=9) groups. The control was fed a diet with adequate energy while the treatment group was exposed to 50% reduction in the energy intake to induce pregnancy toxemia. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals for biochemical analyses, which included glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), free fatty acid (FFA), calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, cortisol, and insulin. On days 20 (PK20) and 40 (PK40) post-induction, 3 induced and 1 control goat was slaughtered while the remaining 3 induced goats were provided with a normal balanced diet to allow recovery (PKRD). The induction resulted in acute pregnancy toxemia after 20 days with clinical signs including weakness, loss of body condition, and recumbency. At 40 days, chronic pregnancy toxemia resulted in signs such as incoordination and abortion. There was significant (p<0.05) decrease in the glucose, insulin, calcium, and potassium levels in the induced goats while the concentrations of BHBA, FFA, and cortisol were significantly (p<0.05) higher. Furthermore, the blood profiling was significantly (p<0.05) different between the PK20, PK40, and PKRD groups and was strongly associated with the presence of clinical signs and ketone bodies in the urine. The 50% reduction in energy intake resulted in acute pregnancy toxemia after 20 days and chronic pregnancy toxemia after 40 days. In conclusion, serum biochemical profile is a potential biomarker to assess the mild and severe pregnancy toxemia in does during the late gestation and postpartum period through changes in blood profiling.

Propolis Supplementation on Broiler Chicken Performances, Nutrient Digestibility, and Carcass Characteristics: A Meta-Analysis Sadarman; A. Irawan; C. Hidayat; Elfawati; M. M. Sholikin; R. P. Harahap; R. K. Rusli; R. Solfaine; A. Sofyan; Nahrowi; A. Jayanegara
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 44 No. 4 (2021): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2021.44.4.425

This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary propolis supplementation on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility evaluated at the starter and finisher phases. An online literature search was conducted using scientific platforms of Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar to identify the studies utilizing propolis as dietary supplementation in broiler chickens. A total of 39 publications comprising of 58 experiments met the inclusion criteria. A mixed model procedure for meta-analysis was performed, considering the studies as a random effect and levels of propolis as a fixed effect. Regression analysis suggested that average daily gain (ADG), body weight, and average daily feed intake (ADFI) at starter and finisher phases were quadratically affected by supplementing propolis in the diet (p<0.01). Propolis also lowered the feed conversion ratio (FCR) throughout the periods (p<0.05). In addition, a positive effect of propolis inclusion was also observed on breast meat percentage (p<0.05). However, there was a negative linear relationship between propolis and the digestibility of dry matter (DMD) and organic matter (OMD) (p<0.01) at the starter period. Conversely, there was a linear increase in DMD (p<0.05) and a tendency to improve apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and phosphorus digestibility at the finisher period (p<0.10). Overall, it can be concluded that dietary propolis supplementation promoted better growth performance and feed efficiency when given at ~1.66-2.13 g/kg diets for starter and finisher phases in the broiler chickens. The effect of propolis on nutrient digestibility was positive at the finisher phase while it was detrimental at the starter phase.

Co-Authors A S Tjakradidjaja A Sofyan A'yuni, Qurrota A. A. Affan A. A. Samsudin A. A. Samsudin A. Anggraeny A. Atabany, A. A. E. Suryani A. Fitri A. GUNAWAN A. Ikhwanti A. Irawan A. Salleh A. Sofyan A. Sofyan A. Sofyan A. Sudarman A. T. Wahyudi A.K. Takyi A.O. Salih Abdulmana, Sahidan Achmadi, S. S. Aditya Wahyu Nugraha Aditya, S. Adli, D. N. Adriana, Savira Astri Afandi, Frendy Ahmad Afifah, Amalia Ahmad Sofyan Ahmad Sofyan Ahmad Sofyan Allaily Tarman Almira Firna Fitrianti Ludfi Alya Nur Zahra Amin, M. F. Amirul, F. M. A. Andrian, Dedek Anjas Asmara Samsudin Annisa Imran Ardani, V. Arief Sabdo Yuwono Arief, I. I. Asep Sudarman Awistaros Angger Sakti Ayinda, R. S. K. Ayu Septi Anggraeni Aziz Kustiyo Bambang Pramudya Noorachmat, Bambang Pramudya Basri Jumin, Hasan Budi Tangendjaja C. Hidayat C. SUMANTRI Cecep Hidayat Chung, T K D M Sinaga D. A. Astuti D. A. Astuti D. A. Astuti D. Setiawan D.A. Astuti DA Astuti DADIK PANTAYA Daulai, M. S. Dayat Dayat, Dayat Dede Rosyada Dedy Supriadin Desrial DEWI APRI ASTUTI Dias Indrasti Didid Diapari Diky Ramdani Dwinarto, Bondan E B Laconi E B Laconi E Palupi E Wina E. B. Laconi E. B. Laconi E. B. Laconi E. B. Laconi, E. B. E. Damayanti E. Wina E. Wina E.B. Laconi E.M. Hoffmann Effendi, Leo Adhar Elfawati Endang Warsiki Endrawati, Yuni Cahya Eneh Maesaroh Erica B. Laconi Erika B. Laconi Eylen Desy Novita Fahmi, Melta Rini FARAH FAHMA Fauzan, RM Muhammad Nur Febriantoko, Ardiansah Febrina, D. Fhonna, Fenda Alvionita Fitri Ramadhani Fitri, Ainissya Gumilang Khairulli H. A. Hassim H. A. Hassim, H. A. H. Herdian H. Julendra H. Matsui H. P S Makkar H.P S Makkar H.P.S. Makkar H.P.S. Makkar Hanny Hafiar Harahap, R. S. Hari Agung Adrianto Harningsih, Intan Sri Hasanah, Q. N. Hazen, K. Hendra Herdian Hendra Herdian Heri Ahmad Sukria Heru Nugraha Hindun Syarifah, Hindun I G Permana I Komang Gede Wiryawan I. G. Permana I. Ikhsan Ikhwan Shodiq Syifaudin ILHAM Iman Hernaman Indah Wijayanti Irawan Sugoro Irawan, A. Ismail Marzuki Ismail Marzuki Isnaini Dafri J. Nomura Johan, Arsyelina Husni Juniati, Indira K Becker K. A. Sarwono K. Becker K. Becker K. G. Wiryawan K. Nur, K. Khasrad . Krisnan, Rantan Kusuma, R. I. L. Abdullah L. Abdullah L. Abdullah L. Khotijah Laconi, Erika Budiarti Lendrawati Lendrawati Lendrawati, L. Leo, Jason Filbert Listyarini, K. M. Abdelbagi M. Adhyatma M. Kondo M. M. Sholikin M. Makmur M. Zamri-Saad Mafrika Ria Gita Solaya Mahmudah, Nurhayatun Martin, Rima Shidqiyya Hidayati Mauluddin, Dadan Mazlan, N. A. Melissa Melissa Milana Abdillah Subarkah Mira Andriani Mohamad Yamin Muhammad Alam Firmansyah Muhammad Arpah Muhammad Ridla Muis, Nurmaya Rahmawati Mukhtarom, Asrori Mulianda, R. Mutiara Rizky Raisa N. Laylli Nahri Idris Nahrowi Nahrowi Nahrowi Nanang Krisnawan Nanang Krisnawan Neni Sintawardani Nisrina, Aufa Novandri, B. Novia Qomariyah Nugraha Edhi Suyatma Nur Rochmah Kumalasari Nurfitriani, R. A. Nurrul Suri Aulia Nurul Fauziah Nurul Fitri Sari P. Yuliana Permana, I G Prameswara, Jordi Aditiya Prameswari, Febrina Pratama Satria, Borneo Pratama, Said Mirza Pristian Yuliana Pudji Muljono Qomariah, N. Qomariyah, Novia Qomariyah, Novia R A Nurfitriani R Ridwan R. Hana Nurfitrian Adjie R. K. Rusli R. P. Harahap R. P. Harahap R. Priyanto R. Ridwan R. S. H. Martin R. Solfaine Rahmatillah, Ririn Siti Raihan Raihan, Raihan Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap Rantan Krisnan Rardniyom, Chananpat Retnani, Y Retno Budi Lestari Retno Sri Hartati Mulyandari, Retno Sri Hartati Rima Shidqiyya Hidayati Martin Rini Purnawati Risyahadi, S. T. Rita Mutia Rizki Amalia Nurfitriani Rochimawati, Nur Riana Rohmah, Aenyfatchu Rohmatussolihat Rohmatussolihat Romantica, Krishna Prafidya Roni Ridwan Roni Ridwan Roni Ridwan Rudi Priyanto Rusli Fidriyanto Rusli, N. D. S. P. Dewi S. P. Dewi S. Suharti S. Suharti Saad, M. Z. Sabila, Maureen Sadarman Sadarman , Sadarman Sadarman Sadarman, S. Saeful Ansor Samadi Samadi Samadi Samadi Samsudin, A. A. Samsudin, Anjas Asmara Santi Ratnakomala Selly Anastassia Amellia Kharis Sholeha, Novia Amalia Sholikin, M. M. Silitonga, Rhoito Frista Sitti Wajizah Sitti Wajizah Suci Wulandari Sugiyono Sugiyono Suharlina Suharlina Suharti, Sri Sukria, H. A. Sumiati SUMINAR SETIATI ACHMADI Suryanegara, Lisman Syamsiyah, Dzorifatus T Sutardi T. Ban-Tokuda T. M. Syahniar T. Obitsu T. Sabhan T. Toharmat Tandio, Tjondroargo Tangendjaja, Budi Teuku Mujaddid Syahri Ar-Ridha Thamrin, Elfa Susanti Theo Mahiseta Syahniar Titi Candra Sunarti Toto Haryanto Tri Aminingsih Tri Rachmanto Prihambodo Tri Wijayanti Septiarini Tuti Suryati Usman Ali Utomo, D. W. Manalu W. W. Wardani Wardani, W. W. Wasmen Manalu Widjaja, H. Widya Hermana Wijayanti, I. Win Ariga Bungsu Wina, E Wulansih Dwi Astuti Y Retnani Y. Marlida Y. Retnani Y. Retnani Y. Yogianto, Y. Yantina, N. Yantyati Widyastuti Yantyati Widyastuti Yanza, Yulianri Rizki Yeni Widyawati Yeni Widyawati Yesi Chwenta Sari Yuli Retnani Yuliansyah, Andika Boy Zain, M. Zulkarnain Zulkarnain Zulkifli, Sunarto

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