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All Journal Masalah-Masalah Hukum LAW REFORM Jurnal Hukum Progresif JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) FIAT JUSTISIA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Jurnal Hukum Novelty PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Journal of SouthEast Asian Human Rights INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW STUDIES Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure Al-'Adl Jurnal HAM Substantive Justice International Journal of Law Lex Scientia Law Review Bina Hukum Lingkungan Jambura Law Review Jurnal Yudisial Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan Kosmik Hukum Community Development Journal Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum AL IMARAH : JURNAL PEMERINTAHAN DAN POLITIK ISLAM University Of Bengkulu Law Journal Indonesian Comparative Law Review Khazanah Hukum JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM INDONESIA Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) Jurnal Rechts Vinding : Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Jurnal Kajian Pembaruan Hukum Majalah Keadilan NEGREI: Academic Journal of Law and Governance Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan Yuridika Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi Jurnal Lemhannas RI JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Bina Hukum Lingkungan Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Kriminologi Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS (INJOSER) Journal of Law, Environmental and Justice Jurnal Hukum Islam Journal of Law and Legal Reform The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education Strategi Memperkuat Integritas Lembaga Peradilan Indonesia Judex Laguens Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia "Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development " International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia
Fernando, Zico Junius
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bengkulu
Religion Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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Autonomous Vehicles and Legal Challenges: Navigating between Technology and Criminal Liability Yusriyadi, Yusriyadi; Silvia, Ana; Fernando, Zico Junius
Jurnal Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Vol 15, No 1 (2024): JNH VOL 15 NO 1 JUNI 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian Setjen DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22212/jnh.v15i1.4359

Abstract

Transformations in the automotive industry have driven the emergence of autonomous vehicles, promising a more automated future. However, this automation raises complex accountability and legal responsibility issues, especially in criminal law. This research addresses questions of criminal liability and examines the obstacles and challenges to regulatory standards related to autonomous vehicles. The research employs a doctrinal legal approach to explore these issues, examining the current legal framework, comparing it with international practices, and considering potential future legal adaptations. The methodology focuses on legislative, conceptual, comparative, and futuristic approaches. Through content analysis, the research reviews existing laws governing autonomous vehicles, compares them with regulations in other jurisdictions, and delves into the fundamental legal concepts involved. The futuristic approach provides insight into how laws might need to adapt to future technological advances. The findings indicate an urgent need to revise existing laws, with a particular emphasis on determining liability in various scenarios. While some states have taken proactive steps to address these issues, many other jurisdictions still need to catch up. In conclusion, while autonomous vehicles offer numerous opportunities, significant legal and accountability challenges must be addressed. AbstrakTransformasi dalam industri otomotif telah mendorong munculnya kendaraan otonom, yang menjanjikan masa depan yang lebih otomatis. Namun, otomatisasi ini menimbulkan masalah akuntabilitas dan tanggung jawab hukum yang kompleks, terutama dalam hukum pidana. Masalah yang diangkat mengenai pertanggungjawaban pidana termasuk masalah hambatan dan tantangan standar regulasi terkait Kendaraan Otonom. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum doktrinal dengan mengkaji kerangka hukum yang berlaku, membandingkannya dengan praktik internasional, dan merefleksikan potensi adaptasi hukum di masa depan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal, dengan fokus pada pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, komparatif, dan futuristik. Melalui analisis konten, kami menyelidiki kerangka hukum saat ini yang mengatur kendaraan otonom, membandingkannya dengan peraturan di yurisdiksi lain, dan memahami konsep hukum dasar yang mendasarinya. Pendekatan futuristik memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana hukum perlu beradaptasi dengan kemajuan teknologi di masa depan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kebutuhan mendesak untuk merevisi undang-undang yang ada, dengan penekanan khusus pada penentuan pertanggungjawaban dalam berbagai skenario. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa meskipun beberapa negara telah memulai langkah-langkah proaktif untuk mengatasi masalah ini, banyak yurisdiksi lain yang masih perlu mengejar ketertinggalan. Kesimpulannya, kendaraan otonom menawarkan banyak peluang, tetapi tantangan hukum dan akuntabilitasnya harus diatasi.
Pancasila Sebagai Ideologi untuk Pertahanan dan Keamanan Nasional Pada Pandemi Covid-19 Zico Junius Fernando
Jurnal Lemhannas RI Vol 8 No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55960/jlri.v8i3.330

Abstract

Penelitian ini perlu dilakukan karena pada masa Pandemi Covid-19 ini dimungkinkan terjadinya gangguan diberbagai macam sektor, seperti politik, ekonomi, kemasyarakatan hingga sektor pertahanan dan keamanan negara. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah untuk mengingatkan kembali Pancasila sebagai Ideologi Negara untuk memperkuat Pertahanan dan Keamanan Nasional pada saat Pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode hukum normatif yaitu berupa penelitian kepustakaan (library research) yang dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan bahan hukum baik primer, sekunder dan atau tersier. Teknik pengumpulan bahan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan. Bahan-bahan yang telah terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif dan untuk melakukan klasifikasi bahan-bahan hukum, penulis menggunakan analisis isi (content analysis). Hasil dari penelitian ini agar masyarakat dengan Pemerintah selain memperhatikan cara penanggulangan Pandemi Covid-19, juga memperhatikan akibat yang timbul dan dapat muncul pada saat Pandemiterjadi, apalagi menyangkut Pertahanan dan Keamanan Nasional dengan mengamalkan nilai-nilai sila 1-5 pada Pancasila. Dengan menggunakan nilai-nilai sila 1-5 Pancasila sebagai ideologi dan mengamalkan maka disimpulkan dapat memperkuat pertahanan dan keamanan nasional pada saat pandemi Covid-19.
Knitting Democracy, Separating Restraints: Legal Reform and a Critical Analysis of Article 256 of the New Criminal Code and its Impact on Freedom of Speech Fernando, Zico Junius; Kristanto, Kiki; Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Justice and Law Reform in Various Perspectives
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.vol5i2.1670

Abstract

In Indonesia's democratic landscape, the presence of Article 256 of the Criminal Code has become a crucial point in discussions on freedom of expression and human rights. This article, with its criminal provisions for demonstration organisers who do not give prior notice to the authorities, poses a significant dilemma. The threat of imprisonment for up to six months and/or a maximum fine of Rp10 million raises deep questions about the space given to citizens to express their opinions in public spaces. This research uses normative legal research methods using statutory, conceptual, comparative, and futuristic approaches. The nature of this research is descriptive-prescriptive. The data that has been collected is analysed using the content analysis method. This research conducts an in-depth exploration of the implications of Article 256 of the current Criminal Code, which threatens criminal sanctions for organisers of unannounced demonstrations. This research investigates how this regulation has the potential to curb individual freedom of expression in public spaces, as well as its impact on the quality of democracy and the maintenance of human rights in Indonesia. The findings of this research confirm that Article 256 of the Criminal Code is a step backward in democratic practice and jeopardises freedom of expression. The research underscores the urgency of revising this regulation to ensure that the right to express opinions in public, as mandated by Law No. 9 of 1998, is protected as a key element in democracy and human rights. This reflects the importance of maintaining public space as an arena for free discussion and criticism, which is at the core of a healthy democratic system.
AI Judges and the Future Revolution of the Judicial Profession in Indonesia Joice Soraya; Zico Junius Fernando
The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education Vol. 6 No. 3 (2024): September
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/iccle.v6i3.15358

Abstract

The implementation of AI in the criminal justice system can enhance efficiency, transparency, and fairness in legal decision-making by efficiently managing information and providing legal considerations based on objective data. In Indonesia, although the Supreme Court has initiated technology-based innovations such as e-Court and Smart Majelis and is considering the concept of AI Judges, technical, legal, and ethical challenges must still be carefully addressed. The application of AI must take into account the specific aspects of Indonesia's legal system, ensure algorithmic transparency, and protect human rights. This research employs a doctrinal (normative) legal approach, utilizing legal materials including primary, secondary, and tertiary sources. The approaches used are the conceptual approach, comparative approach, and futuristic approach. The nature of the research is descriptive-prescriptive, and the data analysis method employed is content analysis. The results of the research indicate that the application of AI in Indonesia’s judiciary has significant potential to improve efficiency and justice, but must be done cautiously and wisely. AI should be used as a supportive tool for human judges, rather than fully replacing them. The concept of AI Judges, where AI plays a role in legal decision-making, must be accompanied by regulations that ensure transparency, accountability, and the protection of human rights. With a careful and ethical approach, AI can be a significant innovation in the judicial system, helping to achieve faster, simpler, and more efficient justice in line with the fundamental legal principles of Indonesia and the values of Pancasila.
The Role of Human Rights in Shaping Asia-Pacific Policies and Strategies: A Criminal Law Perspective Mikhael Feka; Pujiyono; R.B Sularto; Zico Junius Fernando
The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/iccle.v6i2.15967

Abstract

The Asia-Pacific region, with its complex cultural, social, and political diversity, faces significant challenges in integrating human rights into criminal law policies and strategies. This study aims to analyze the role of human rights in shaping criminal law policies and strategies in this region, focusing on the protection of the rights of the accused, the right to a fair trial, and the protection of crime victims. The background of this research is the increasing global pressure on Asia-Pacific countries to implement international human rights standards within their criminal justice systems, amidst the diverse legal systems present in the region. This research utilizes normative legal methods by adopting statutory, conceptual, comparative, approaches. The nature of this research is descriptive-prescriptive. The data that has been collected is analyzed using the content analysis method. The findings indicate that, despite significant efforts to adopt human rights standards, challenges such as political instability, economic disparities, and differing legal traditions remain major obstacles. Additionally, the study finds that the implementation of restorative justice principles could be an effective solution to enhancing human rights protection within the context of criminal law in the Asia-Pacific region. Overall, this study concludes that, despite the complex challenges, strengthening international cooperation and commitment to the rule of law can better facilitate the integration of human rights into criminal law policies and strategies in the Asia-Pacific region. The findings provide crucial recommendations for policymakers and legal practitioners in their efforts to create a more just and humane criminal justice system.
Bridging Corruption Articles” through the National Criminal Code: The Perspective of Corruption Eradication and Ta'zir Fadhil, Moh.; Anwar, M. Ian Hidayat; Fernando, Zico Junius; Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono
Al-'Adl Vol 17, No 2 (2024): Al-'Adl
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Kendari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31332/aladl.v17i2.8436

Abstract

One of the tasks of criminal law reform is to consolidate criminal law provisions that are scattered in various laws and regulations. The drafting team has incorporated several special offences into the National Criminal Code as a bridge between the norms, making the National Criminal Code the epicentre. This raises normative questions about the position of special offences, especially corruption offences, when the norms are shifted to general norms in the National Criminal Code, in relation to the systematic enactment of Book I of the National Criminal Code, and whether the changes in the criminal formulation are proportional to the spirit of eradicating corruption. This research will focus on answering the above-mentioned normative concerns. This type of research is a normative research that focuses on the content analysis of legal materials in the form of Book I of the National Criminal Code, articles on corruption in the National Criminal Code and the Corruption Act. The validation process of the analysis results was presented in a forum group discussion with several legal aid organisations and university research institutions. The results of the research show that the intention of the drafting team to include corruption offences is limited to the technical consolidation of corruption offences in the National Criminal Code in the form of bridging articles. In the context of the fight against corruption, there are five crucial reservations, namely the disparity of penalties, the categorisation of fines, the powers of the State Loss Calculation Institution, the stagnation of the regulation of bribery offences and the harmonisation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.
AI HAKIM: MEREVOLUSI PERADILAN YANG BERINTEGRITAS, BERMARTABAT, DAN MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN HAKIM Zico Junius Fernando
Judex Laguens Vol 2 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Ikatan Hakim Indonesia (IKAHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25216/ikahi.2.2.8.2024.141-166

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has offered transformative opportunities in various sectors, including the justice system. In the Indonesian context, the implementation of AI as a judge promises the potential to address the integrity and efficiency challenges faced by the judicial system, which has been tainted by cases of corruption and susceptibility to subjective bias. By leveraging AI's ability to process big data quickly and objectively, it is expected to create a more transparent decision-making process, reduce bias, and minimise the potential for corruption. This research discusses the implementation of AI in the role of a judge in Indonesia's criminal justice system, examines the potential efficiency, objectivity, and transparency offered by AI, and explores the synergy between AI and human judges in improving the quality of legal services. Through theoretical analysis, this research highlights the importance of standards and protocol development, transparency, training and education, and regular evaluation in AI integration. Cooperation between AI and human judges not only enriches the decision-making process in the judiciary but also maintains the humanistic core of law. This research shows that with a careful and ethical approach, the integration of AI in the justice system can strengthen fairness, improve efficiency, and ensure that technology supports, not replaces, the discretion of human judges, opening a new era in a fairer, more efficient, and dignified judiciary. Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
THE ANOMALY OF PRETRIAL AUTHORITY IN INDONESIAN LAW ENFORCEMENT: An Analysis of Decision Number 24/PID/PRA/2018/PN.JKT.SEL Fernando, Zico Junius
Jurnal Yudisial Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024): Child Protection
Publisher : Komisi Yudisial RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29123/jy.v17i2.553

Abstract

Pretrial Decision Number 24/PID/PRA/2018/PN.JKT.SEL, issued on 9 April 2018, became crucial in the Bank Century corruption scandal. In its ruling, Single-Judge Effendi Mukhtar ordered the Corruption Eradication Commission to continue the investigation or, if necessary, transfer the case to the police and the prosecutor’s office for further handling. It also clarified the legal status of senior officials, including former Bank Indonesia Governor Boediono, Deputy Governor Muliaman D Hadad, and former Secretary of the Financial System Stability Committee Raden Pardede. The decision sparked controversy due to the unclear legal status of certain defendants. This study employs a normative legal research method with a literature review using legislative, conceptual, and case-based approaches. This analysis is descriptive-prescriptive, examining legal sources and previous rulings. The result shows that the pretrial decision has sparked controversy and attracted significant legal attention. It extends pretrial authority by designating suspects not directly involved in the case. The ruling is assumed to exceed jurisdictional limits set by Article 1 point 10, Article 82 of the Criminal Procedure Code, Supreme Court Regulation Number 4 of 2016, and Article 53 of Law Number 48 of 2009, which may lead to injustice and undermine legal certainty for the defendant. Therefore, addressing this issue requires revising pretrial procedures, training judges and law enforcement, developing consistent guidelines, and strengthening oversight to ensure fairness and transparency.
Politics and Green Financial Crime: Envisioning a Sustainable Democratic Future in Indonesia Putra, Yagie Sagita; Pujiyono, Pujiyono; Rochaeti, Nur; Fernando, Zico Junius
Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Vol 24, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jdh.2024.24.3.4569

Abstract

This research investigates the link between environmental crimes and political corruption in Indonesia, focusing on findings by the Indonesian Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center (PPATK). PPATK reported that approximately 1 trillion Rupiah, derived from green financial crimes such as illegal logging and environmental exploitation, has been funneled into political campaigns ahead of the 2024 elections. These illicit financial flows threaten electoral integrity, environmental sustainability, and democratic governance. Utilizing a normative legal research method with legislative, conceptual, comparative, and futuristic approaches, this study identifies gaps in existing political funding regulations and oversight mechanisms. The findings reveal that the lack of transparency and accountability in campaign financing allows environmental criminals to influence policymaking, thereby weakening green policies and governance. To address this issue, the study proposes actionable solutions: strengthening independent oversight institutions, enforcing strict political financing transparency, adopting a risk-based approach to financial regulations, increasing public participation, and enhancing international cooperation. Collective action from civil society, policymakers, and global partners is imperative to safeguard Indonesia’s democratic values and environmental heritage.Keywords: Environmental Crimes; Green Financial Crime; Indonesia; Politics.
Utilization of Neuroimaging in Criminal Justice: Unveiling Truth Through Brain Technology Cholidin, Achmad; Fernando, Zico Junius; Feka, Mikhael
IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) Vol 9, No 2 (2024): Indonesia J. Crim. L. Studies (November, 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcls.v9i2.50316

Abstract

The integration of neuroimaging technology in criminal justice worldwide has opened new avenues for understanding the neural underpinnings of criminal behavior and improving the accuracy of legal processes. This paper explores the application of neuroimaging techniques, such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), in the context of criminal investigations and trials. Neuroimaging provides insight into brain function related to intent, deception, memory, and cognitive control, which is critical in determining culpability and assessing mental states. By reviewing case studies and current research, this study evaluates the potential benefits and ethical challenges of using neuroimaging as evidence in court. The findings suggest that although neuroimaging holds the promise of improving the objectivity and reliability of criminal justice, its use should be conducted with caution due to legal, ethical, and technical limitations. The paper concludes with recommendations for the responsible integration of neuroimaging into legal practice to ensure fairness and protect the rights of individuals. The implications of these findings for criminal law enforcement in Indonesia are also discussed, highlighting the potential of applying neuroimaging techniques to improve the fairness and effectiveness of the legal system.
Co-Authors Achmad Cholidin Agus Salim Agus Salim Agusalim Agusalim Agusalim Agusalim, Agusalim Akhmad Akhmad Albariansyah, Hamonangan Ana Silvia Ana Silviana Ana Tasia Pase Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono Anis Widyawati Annisa Salsabila Anwar, M. Ian Hidayat Arifin , Firdaus Aris Hardinanto Barda Nawawi Arief Baskara, Agri Beniharmoni Harefa Bhanu Prakash Nunna Candra, Septa Chairul Huda, Chairul Cholidin, Achmad Dahwal, Sirman David Aprizon Putra David Aprizon Putra, David Aprizon Dini Dewi Heniarti Dwi Budi Santoso Efren Nova Emi Puasa Handayani Fadhil, Moh. Feka, Mikhael Firdaus Arifin, Firdaus Ganefi Hamdani Maakir Hartati, Sawitri Yuli Herlambang Herlina Manullang Humana, Sri Ilham Kurniawan Ardi Imanuddin, Muhammad Iskandar Iskandar Jaco Barkhuizen Jaco Barkhuizen Joko Setiyono Joko Susetyanto Kasmanto Rinaldi, Kasmanto Kiki Amaliah Kontesa, Emelia Kristanto, Kiki Kurnia Dewi Anggraeny Kusumah, Fardana Laily Ratna Lestari Victoria Sinaga, Lestari Victoria M Abdi Maharani, Asari Suci Mahmud Mulyadi Mahmutarom, Mahmutarom Mahrus Ali Maskur , Muhammad Azil Mikhael Feka Muchlas Rastra Samara Muksin Muhamad Adystia Sunggara Muhammad Yusuf Akbar Muna, Kholifatul Muthia, Arini Azka Nahdiya Sabrina Naidah, Siti Nur Rochaeti Nur Rochaeti, Nur Nur, Asrul Ibrahim Nurhayati Mardin Papontee Teeraphan Pase, Ana Tasia Pratama, Aditya Andela Pujiyono Pujiyono Pujiyono Pujiyono Pujiyono Putra Perdana Ahmad Saifulloh, Putra Perdana Ahmad Putra, Panca Sarjana Putra, Yagie Sagita R.B Sularto Rangga Jayanuarto Ria Anggraeni Utami Ria Anggraeni Utami Ria Anggraeni Utami Rosmanila Sacipto, Rian SALSABILA, ANNISA Sary, Wevy Efticha SAUNI, HERAWAN Sauni, Herawan Septa Candra Sherly Nelsa Fitri Sidauruk, Jupenris Silvia, Ana Sinaga, Lestari Sinaga, Pidari Solehuddin Solehuddin Sri Wulandari Sudirman SItepu Teeraphan, Papontee Tobing, David M. L. Try Mulya Naposo Siregar Utami, Ria Anggraeni Virdaus, Saivol Wali, Ahmad Wiwit Pratiwi Yagie Sagita Putra Yagie Sagita Putra Yagie Sagita Putra Yusriyadi Yusriyadi Yusriyadi Yusriyadi Zainal Arifin Zentoni