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All Journal Masalah-Masalah Hukum LAW REFORM Jurnal Hukum Progresif JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) FIAT JUSTISIA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Jurnal Hukum Novelty PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Journal of SouthEast Asian Human Rights INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW STUDIES Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure Al-'Adl Jurnal HAM Substantive Justice International Journal of Law Lex Scientia Law Review Bina Hukum Lingkungan Jambura Law Review Jurnal Yudisial Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan Kosmik Hukum Community Development Journal Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum AL IMARAH : JURNAL PEMERINTAHAN DAN POLITIK ISLAM University Of Bengkulu Law Journal Indonesian Comparative Law Review Khazanah Hukum JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM INDONESIA Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) Journal of Judicial Review Jurnal Rechts Vinding : Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Jurnal Kajian Pembaruan Hukum Majalah Keadilan NEGREI: Academic Journal of Law and Governance Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan Yuridika Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi Jurnal Lemhannas RI JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Bina Hukum Lingkungan Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Kriminologi Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS (INJOSER) Journal of Law, Environmental and Justice Jurnal Hukum Islam Journal of Law and Legal Reform The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education Strategi Memperkuat Integritas Lembaga Peradilan Indonesia Judex Laguens Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia "Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development " International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies
Fernando, Zico Junius
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bengkulu
Religion Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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Deepfakes and Victimology: Exploring the Impact of Digital Manipulation on Victims Ali, Mahrus; Fernando, Zico Junius; Huda, Chairul; Mahmutarom, Mahmutarom
Susbtantive Justice International Journal of Law Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Substantive Justice International Journal of Law
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/substantivejustice.v8i1.306

Abstract

In the rapidly evolving era of information technology, the emergence of "deepfakes" hyper-realistic digital manipulations powered by artificial intelligence has introduced complex and pressing challenges to the field of victimology. These synthetic media are increasingly used for cybercrime, online harassment, defamation, and disinformation, leading to serious psychological, reputational, and legal consequences for victims. This study employs a normative legal research method that integrates conceptual, comparative, and futuristic approaches. The conceptual approach explores the legal and psychosocial dimensions of digital victimization; the comparative approach identifies legal responses in various jurisdictions; while the futuristic approach is used to predict the trajectory of deepfake threats based on AI development trends and emerging digital behaviors. Unlike previous generalist analyses, this research provides concrete findings: it identifies four dominant forms of digital exploitation through deepfakes namely non-consensual pornography, political disinformation, financial scams, and reputational sabotage. The study also reveals that psychological trauma, reputational harm, and repeat victimization are the most pressing victimological issues in deepfake cases. By applying content analysis to real-world cases, this paper builds a framework for understanding how deepfakes transform the victim–offender dynamic, and it proposes forward-looking strategies for legal reform, victim protection, and digital literacy. This study contributes to filling the current academic gap by offering a victim-centered perspective on the legal and psychosocial consequences of synthetic media, thereby promoting more inclusive and adaptive responses in the face of evolving digital threats.
Green Financial Crime in The Perspective of Islamic Law Fernando, Zico Junius; Imanuddin, Muhammad
Khazanah Hukum Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Khazanah Hukum
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/kh.v7i2.39211

Abstract

This research examines the phenomenon of green financial crime within the framework of Islamic law. As global interest in sustainable finance continues to grow, business entities are increasingly involved in green investment practices. However, this growing trend has also led to the emergence of financial crimes related to the misuse, mismanagement, or unethical allocation of funds intended for environmentally sustainable projects. Islamic law emphasizes fairness, transparency, and ethical conduct in financial transactions and provides a valuable normative foundation for addressing these challenges. This study utilizes a normative legal approach, integrating conceptual and comparative perspectives to explore the complexity of green financial crimes. The research applies a descriptive-prescriptive methodology and conducts content analysis to evaluate relevant legal texts and practices. The findings demonstrate that Islamic law upholds integrity and accountability in financial dealings, particularly in matters involving environmental responsibility and sustainable development. It stresses the importance of protecting the environment, promoting societal well-being, and ensuring economic justice through transparent and honest financial conduct. In conclusion, the principles of Islamic law present a robust and comprehensive legal and ethical framework for addressing green financial crimes. By upholding the values of environmental stewardship, justice, and financial integrity, Islamic law can play a crucial role in supporting the ethical development of green finance globally
Cyber Victimology and Legal Gaps in Southeast Asia Fernando, Zico Junius; Widyawati, Anis; Rinaldi, Kasmanto
International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Southeast Asia’s Role in Shaping Public International Law: Human Rights and Mig
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ildisea.v4i1.20147

Abstract

Cybercrime is escalating in Southeast Asia alongside rapid digital growth, yet the region still lacks a unified legal and victim-centered approach. While most studies focus on perpetrators and cybersecurity, this research addresses a critical gap by exploring Cyber Victimology as a framework to understand and strengthen victim protection in ASEAN countries. Using a normative legal method with comparative and conceptual approaches, this study examines legal disparities, weak law enforcement, limited victim support, and low digital literacy, particularly among children and the elderly. Findings show that ASEAN lacks harmonized regulations, adequate cyber policing, and psychological-legal support infrastructure. For instance, Singapore’s robust Personal Data Protection Act contrasts with minimal protection in Cambodia and Laos. The study proposes concrete policy responses, including regional legal harmonization modeled on the Budapest Convention and the GDPR, enhanced law enforcement capacity, national crisis centers, and targeted digital literacy programs. Integrating Cyber Victimology into policy will help ASEAN establish a more inclusive, victim-responsive digital governance system.
Revitalization of Indonesian criminal law through the acknowledgment of living law: An investigation of the Sigajang Laleng Lipa’ customary law Harefa, Beniharmoni; Fernando, Zico Junius; Maharani, Asari Suci; Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono; Humana, Sri
Jurnal Hukum Novelty Vol. 15 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/jhn.v15i2.28234

Abstract

Introduction to the Problem: The research article examines the Sigajang Laleng Lipa’ tradition in South Sulawesi’s Bugis community as a "living law" under Indonesia's new criminal code, specifically Article 2. The tradition’s violent nature, often leading to fatal outcomes, may conflict with principles in the updated code. Purpose/Study Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to conduct an analysis of criminal law regulations in Indonesia regarding the Sigajang Laleng Lipa’ tradition and assess its alignment with Article 2 of the new Indonesian Criminal Code. The study aims to understand whether this traditional conflict resolution mechanism meets the legal standards set out in the new code, especially concerning the concept of living law. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach to legal recognition in Indonesian criminal law. Secondary data, gathered through literature sources like books and journals, facilitates an in-depth examination of the Sigajang Laleng Lipa’ tradition and the Indonesian criminal code. The doctrine of proportionality guides this study, emphasizing that punishment should match the crime to ensure justice and prevent excessive penalties. Findings: The findings reveal that the Sigajang Laleng Lipa’ tradition, despite its historical and cultural significance in the Bugis community, involves violent practices that have led to fatal consequences. Moreover, it is observed that this tradition does not fulfil the criteria set forth in Article 2, Paragraph (2) of the new Criminal Code. This mismatch highlights a significant challenge in incorporating living law traditions into the modern legal framework of Indonesia. Due to its inconsistency with philosophical, juridical, and sociological principles, the tradition cannot be sustained. Consequently, its use as a punitive measure is unjustifiable, as it does not effectively achieve criminal justice objectives and provides minimal social benefit, lacking contribution to crime prevention efforts. Paper Type: Research Article
Revitalisasi Konstitusional Berbasis Pancasila Dalam Penghapusan Presidential Threshold Pratama, Aditya Andela; Muna, Kholifatul; Fernando, Zico Junius; Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono
Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): VOLUME 5 ISSUE 1, APRIL 2025
Publisher : Badan Pembinaan Ideologi Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52738/pjk.v5i1.725

Abstract

The Presidential Threshold provision has been a controversial debate on the limits of judicial intervention into electoral system design. The Constitutional Court's decision No. 62/PUU-XXII/2024 striking down the provision marked a significant change in Indonesia's constitutional landscape, and presented an opportunity to broaden political participation and strengthen inclusive democracy. In reality, however, this decision raises concerns about the potential for political fragmentation and weakened effectiveness in governance. This research uses a normative juridical method with conceptual, case, and historical approaches. The results of this study show that the Constitutional Court's decision is in line with the values of Pancasila and the principle of people's sovereignty, as well as opening a new discussion space on the balance between political representation and effectiveness in government. The abolition of the presidential threshold is not only seen as a constitutional matter, but also as part of an ongoing process in shaping a democratic system that is more in line with Indonesian values. The abolition is a constitutional revitalization effort based on the principles of Pancasila, particularly in ensuring popular sovereignty, social justice, and open political access for all citizens.
Blockchain and Corporate Criminal Liability: Law Reform and the Technological Revolution in Corporate Accountability Manullang, Herlina; Fernando, Zico Junius; Nur, Asrul Ibrahim
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): July, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i3.22472

Abstract

The rapid development of blockchain technology is reshaping various dimensions of governance, particularly in strengthening corporate accountability and addressing corporate criminal liability. This paper examines how blockchain, through its inherent features of decentralization, transparency, immutability, and smart contracts, can offer innovative tools to reform legal frameworks governing corporate behavior. These features enable more robust compliance monitoring, secure and tamper-proof evidence handling, and efficient fraud detection mechanisms. By integrating blockchain into corporate governance systems, companies can enhance regulatory compliance and reduce the risks of misconduct. Smart contracts, in particular, allow the automation of enforcement procedures, minimizing human error and corruption while increasing legal predictability. This paper further explores how blockchain facilitates proactive legal oversight and redefines how liability is tracked and enforced within corporate structures. Despite its potential, the adoption of blockchain within legal systems faces several challenges, including regulatory ambiguity, privacy issues, and the necessity for international legal harmonization. To illustrate the real-world application of blockchain in legal reforms, this study presents comparative case analyses from jurisdictions that are at the forefront of blockchain regulation and implementation in corporate governance. Ultimately, this paper argues that blockchain serves not merely as a technological tool but as a catalyst for transforming the philosophy and practice of corporate criminal liability. To realize its full potential, collaborative efforts among legislators, regulators, and private sector actors are essential. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for incorporating blockchain into corporate criminal law, aiming to enhance transparency, ensure compliance, and strengthen governance frameworks in line with technological progress.
Advancing Ecological Justice through the Integration of Eco-Religion in Criminal Law Reform Fernando, Zico Junius; Dahwal, Sirman; Arifin , Firdaus; Maskur , Muhammad Azil; Muthia, Arini Azka
Journal of Law, Environmental and Justice Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Law, Environmental and Justice
Publisher : Ius et Ambientis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62264/jlej.v3i2.133

Abstract

The accelerating global ecological crisis has exposed the limitations of anthropocentric and utilitarian paradigms embedded in conventional environmental criminal law. This article proposes the integration of eco-religion a spiritual worldview that regards nature as sacred and interdependent with human moral responsibility as a transformative foundation for ecological justice and legal reform. Drawing upon Islamic, Christian, Hindu-Buddhist, and indigenous environmental ethics, the study argues that spiritual values can provide normative depth and cultural legitimacy to reorient criminal law from a punitive model toward a restorative and justice-oriented framework. Utilizing a normative legal method enriched by conceptual, comparative, and futuristic approaches, the paper analyzes key international practices including those in Ecuador, Bhutan, France, and Uganda and explores their applicability to the Indonesian context. The study demonstrates that incorporating eco-religious values can elevate the legal standing of nature, reframe environmental crimes as moral transgressions, and empower local wisdom and constitutional principles such as Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Ultimately, this integration offers a culturally rooted and ethically grounded model of legal reform that redefines environmental harm as a crime against life systems, calling for accountability, restoration, and intergenerational justice.
Environment as a Legal Subject in the Reconstruction of Indonesia’s Environmental Law Fernando, Zico Junius; Sinaga, Lestari; Iskandar, Iskandar; Mardin, Nurhayati; Arifin, Firdaus
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): January-June, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijel.v4i1.20146

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the new paradigm of recognizing the environment as a legal subject within Indonesia's legal system and its implications for environmental law enforcement. Driven by the increasingly complex environmental crisis caused by natural resource exploitation, environmental degradation, and climate change, this paradigm introduces an eco-centric approach and the theory of biocentric justice. The concept acknowledges the environment as a legal entity with intrinsic rights to exist, develop, and be restored when damaged. The research employs a normative approach with qualitative analysis methods and comparative studies of countries such as Ecuador, Bolivia, New Zealand and India which have implemented the recognition of the environment as a legal subject. The findings indicate that recognizing the environment as a legal subject in Indonesia requires comprehensive legal reforms, including constitutional amendments, the enactment of specific laws on environmental rights, strengthening law enforcement institutions, and empowering communities. This recognition is expected to enhance environmental law enforcement, establish ecological justice, and promote sustainable development. Therefore, this paradigm not only serves as a solution to the environmental crisis but also reflects Indonesia's commitment to Pancasila values and the sustainability of future generations.  
Immigration Intelligence and Counterterrorism Strategies in Indonesia Heniarti, Dini Dewi; Fernando, Zico Junius; Kusumah, Fardana
LAW REFORM Vol 21, No 2 (2025): Law Reform
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER ILMU HUKUM FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/lr.v21i2.69425

Abstract

The background of this study is the increasing volume of international human mobility, which presents serious challenges for Indonesia’s immigration system in preventing terrorism and maintaining state security. The Directorate General of Immigration struggles with outdated infrastructure, limited technological support, and insufficient human resource capabilities, all of which hinder effective immigration checks and the identification of high-risk individuals. Terrorists have exploited loopholes in Indonesia’s immigration system to enter or flee the country. The purpose of this research is to investigate whether the immigration intelligence approach can serve as an effective and comprehensive strategy for combating terrorism in Indonesia. The method employed in this study is qualitative, involving library research that analyses secondary sources, including legislation, case studies (e.g., the 2016 Sarinah attack and the 2018 Surabaya bombing), government reports, and scholarly literature. The results obtained indicate that immigration intelligence through mechanisms such as risk profiling, early detection, inter-agency collaboration, and technological integration plays a crucial role in identifying and preventing terrorist threats before they occur. Conclusions that can be drawn from this study are that immigration intelligence offers significant preventive advantages but requires strengthened infrastructure, improved coordination among institutions, and international cooperation to be fully effective in Indonesia’s counterterrorism efforts.
Integrating Neurolaw and Principles of Islamic Law: A Scientific Ethical Model of Criminal Responsibility Fernando, Zico Junius; Hardinanto, Aris; Muksin, Muchlas Rastra Samara; Solehuddin, Solehuddin; Saifulloh, Putra Perdana Ahmad
Jurnal Hukum Islam Vol 23 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28918/jhi.v23i1.09

Abstract

Neurolaw offers an innovative interdisciplinary framework that bridges the gap between neuroscience and legal theory and providing new insights into how human brain influences behavior, intention, and moral decision-making. This study examines the intersection of neurolaw and Islamic law, emphasizing the importance of integrating neuroscience findings, such as brain function, decision-making processes, and mental disorders, into Islamic law’s understanding of criminal responsibility, intention (niyyah), and reasoning (ʿaql). This study demonstrates the potential of neurolaw to strengthen empathy, justice, and an evidence-based legal approach in Islamic law using normative legal research methods through legislative, conceptual, comparative, and futuristic approaches. Furthermore, this study explores how Islamic law’s values of justice, objectivity, and responsibility can serve as ethical guidelines for the responsible use of neuroscience in legal reasoning. Ultimately, this study encourages a careful and principled integration of brain science and Islamic law that maintains fundamental Islamic values while embracing scientific advancements to create a more holistic and humane justice system.
Co-Authors Achmad Cholidin Agus Salim Agus Salim Agusalim Agusalim Agusalim Agusalim, Agusalim Akhmad Akhmad Albariansyah, Hamonangan Ana Silvia Ana Silviana Ana Tasia Pase Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono Anis Widyawati Annisa Salsabila Anwar, M. Ian Hidayat Ariesta Wibisono Anditya Arifin , Firdaus Aris Hardinanto Barda Nawawi Arief Baskara, Agri Beniharmoni Harefa Bhanu Prakash Nunna Candra, Septa Chairul Huda, Chairul Cholidin, Achmad Dahwal, Sirman David Aprizon Putra David Aprizon Putra, David Aprizon Dini Dewi Heniarti Dwi Budi Santoso Efren Nova Emi Puasa Handayani Emi Puasa Handayani Fadhil, Moh. Feka, Mikhael Firdaus Arifin, Firdaus Ganefi Hamdani Maakir Hartati, Sawitri Yuli Herlambang Herlina Manullang Humana, Sri Ilham Kurniawan Ardi Imanuddin, Muhammad Iskandar Iskandar Jaco Barkhuizen Jaco Barkhuizen Joko Setiyono Joko Susetyanto Kasmanto Rinaldi, Kasmanto Kiki Amaliah Kontesa, Emelia Kristanto, Kiki Kurnia Dewi Anggraeny Kusumah, Fardana Laily Ratna Lestari Victoria Sinaga, Lestari Victoria M Abdi Maharani, Asari Suci Mahmud Mulyadi Mahmutarom, Mahmutarom Mahrus Ali Maskur , Muhammad Azil Mikhael Feka Mikhael Feka Muchlas Rastra Samara Muksin Muhamad Adystia Sunggara Muhammad Yusuf Akbar Muna, Kholifatul Muthia, Arini Azka Nahdiya Sabrina Naidah, Siti Nur Rochaeti Nur Rochaeti, Nur Nur, Asrul Ibrahim Nurhayati Mardin Panca Sarjana Putra Papontee Teeraphan Pase, Ana Tasia Pratama, Aditya Andela Pujiyono Pujiyono Pujiyono Pujiyono Pujiyono Putra Perdana Ahmad Saifulloh, Putra Perdana Ahmad Putra, Panca Sarjana Putra, Yagie Sagita R.B Sularto Rangga Jayanuarto Ria Anggraeni Utami Ria Anggraeni Utami Ria Anggraeni Utami Rosmanila Sacipto, Rian SALSABILA, ANNISA Sary, Wevy Efticha SAUNI, HERAWAN Sauni, Herawan Septa Candra Sherly Nelsa Fitri Sidauruk, Jupenris Silvia, Ana Sinaga, Lestari Sinaga, Pidari Solehuddin Solehuddin Sri Wulandari Sudirman SItepu Taniady, Vicko Teeraphan, Papontee Tobing, David M. L. Try Mulya Naposo Siregar Utami, Ria Anggraeni Virdaus, Saivol Wali, Ahmad Wiwit Pratiwi Yagie Sagita Putra Yagie Sagita Putra Yagie Sagita Putra Yusriyadi Yusriyadi Yusriyadi Yusriyadi Zainal Arifin Zainal Arifin Zentoni