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Sukmawati Sukmawati
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Journal : Classroom Experiences

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The Influence of the Outdoor Study-Based Discovery Learning Model on the Critical Thinking Skills of Class X Students of State Senior High School 7, Kupang City Maya Gracia Tifany Lobo; Sukmawati Sukmawati; Erry Ersani
Classroom Experiences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Tinta Emas Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59535/care.v3i2.613

Abstract

Modern education requires students to develop critical thinking skills to keep pace with rapid advances in science and technology. One instructional approach that can foster these skills is discovery learning integrated with outdoor study, which enables learners to construct understanding through direct field experiences. This study aimed to examine the effect of an outdoor study–based discovery learning model on the critical thinking skills of Grade 10 students at State Senior High School 7, Kupang City. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental design, the research involved two groups: an experimental class taught through outdoor study–based discovery learning and a control class taught through conventional instruction. Participants were Grade 10 students at State Senior High School 7, Kupang City. Data were collected through critical thinking tests, classroom observations, and documentation. Learning improvement was analyzed using the normalized gain (N-gain), while between-group differences were assessed using an independent-samples t-test. The discovery learning procedure comprised six stages—stimulation, problem statement, data collection, data processing, verification, and generalization—each embedded within outdoor study activities to help students connect theoretical concepts with observable phenomena in their surrounding environment. The results indicate that the outdoor study–based discovery learning model produced greater improvements in students’ critical thinking skills than conventional learning, as reflected in higher N-gain scores and statistically significant t-test outcomes. In conclusion, integrating outdoor study into discovery learning is effective for enhancing critical thinking in geography and can serve as a viable alternative strategy for teachers seeking to design meaningful learning experiences.
Co-Authors A.Riska Kumala Majid Abubakar, Herminawaty Ade Lorensi Ilhamni Adheleydhe Tandayu Adrian Maulana Adril Adriyani Adam Afriana Ahmad Fahrizal Aidil Dwi Rangga Ajiza Ariani Alfhian Makmur Am. Al Fath Sabiliy Haq Ami Amelia Amril M Andi Alim, Andi Ani Siti Wiryani Annisya Awalia Anwir mk. Sulu Aprilandani Arianti Arlin Adam, Arlin Arnila Melina Ary Handayani Asmarudin Pakri Auzar Auzar Ayu Irawati Azmi Darotulmutmainnah Baharullah Bella Regita Az-Zahra Bunga Putri Sagita Bustari Bustari Chalid, Lukman Daviq Chairilsyah Della Merry Puspita Dellawati Appulembang Despryanto Despryanto Dinda Dudung Burhanudin Elmawati Embun Nadya Encik Putri Ema Kemala Endang Sulistyowati Ermiati Ermiati Ernawati Ernawati Erry Ersani fatmawaty fatmawaty Fatnelam Feni Eka Dianty Ferlin Dwipuspita Sari Fitriani Frangki Julianto Mamahit Frenstika Feriyani Furkon Nurhakim Furkon Nurhakim Gebi Andriani Gita Mujahidah Gita purnamasari Hafizah Aulia Halimah Tussakdiah Hamida Balqis Hardianto Rahman Harima Dayana Putri Harsani Harsani Hasan Sulaiman Haslinda Haslinda Herliningsih Herliningsih Hikmawati Mas'ud Hukmi Hukmi Hutri Rara’ Panggalo Iin Wahyudi ILHAM Intan Kumalasari Iradhatullah Rahim Irma Yunawati JAMALUDIN Jasmin Putra Pratama Jenny Sasmita Sari Jimmy Sampe Kadek Desi Martini Leli Susanti Lilis Lilis Mamuroh Lilis Mamuroh M.Fadli Marini . Maryam Maryam Maya Gracia Tifany Lobo Mclean HY miftahul khairani Misrul Aini Moh Fikri Moh. Rafik Moh.Rusli Mohassagif Muh Nasir Muh Rustam Muhammad Chiar MUHAMMAD FUAD Muhammad Syahruddin Muhammad Yasin Mulkiatul Hikmah Munaris . Mustamir Mustamir Nabila Afdaliyah Nabila Atmalia Nadhila Mastura Nadia Nadia Nadjib Bustan Nashruddin, Nashruddin Nasir Nasir Nasrun Nasrun Natalia Natalia Nila Arnawati Nirma Nofrizal Nofrizal Nourma Nurjanah Nova Oktavia Nuprianti Nuprianti Nur Annisa Nur Azizah Nur Faizah Nur Rifqayanti Arif Nur zakirah Nurananda Nurananda Nurdesiana Nurdesiana Nurhaliza Nurhaliza Nurhasnah Said Nurhidayanti S. Nurlia s. lompong Nurnashriani Jufri NURUL HIDAYAT Putri Cahaya Putri Nur fahirah armiati Rachma Noer Fadhilah Radya Permala Dewi Rahmat Muda Ramlan Asbar Ramli Ramli Ranti Holiyanti Ratna Ratna Restuning Widiasih Restuning Widiasih Rezki Ramdani Rezky Ismail Rifana Rifky Maulana Rini Rini Riska Audina Riska Megayanti Rizal Rukli Rukli Salmamadi Santi Aulia Saparuddin Saparuddin Sarmila Sarmila Selviyanti Selviyanti Sherli Shobur Shofia Nurun Alanur S Sigit Irawan Tamrin Sirajuddin Siti Zahra Rifal Sitti Aisyah Sitti Nurbaya Sitti Nurbaya Sitti Saharia Rowa Sri Andar Puji Astuti Sri Wahyuni Sri Wandari Stang Stang SUMARNI Sunimbar Sunimbar Susianti Susianti Tanasy, Novalia Tangson R. Pangaribuan Taty Hernawaty Tetti Solehati Tuti Anggriani Utama Usman, Arifa Vera Wati Wa Ode Salma Wahyuddin Wahyuddin Wijayanti Burhanuddin Witdiawati Witdiawati Wiwiek Laela Mukromin Yadi Arodhiskara, Yadi Yohanis Wau Yosafat Yuliana Puspita Dewi Yuni Gusnani Zakaria Zakaria