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All Journal Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Majalah Kedokteran Bandung The Journal of Experimental Life Sciences (JELS) e-Journal Pustaka Kesehatan Research Journal of Life Science Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan UNEJ e-Proceeding Sari Pediatri Universa Medicina Majalah Kesehatan FKUB Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE) Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology CRJIM (Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine) Lux Mensana: Journal of Scientific Health Jurnal Penelitian IJRETINA - International Journal of Retina
Loeki Enggar Fitri
Universitas Brawijaya
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Library & Information Science Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Other

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Ekspresi dan Aktivasi Sub Unit p65 NF-κB pada Sel Mononuklear Penderita Sindrom Nefrotik Resisten Steroid Anak Corebima, Brigitta Ida RV; Subandiyah, Krisni; Fitri, Loeki Enggar
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 25, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (649.959 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2009.025.03.7

Abstract

Resitance  to  steroid  therapy  is  a  poor  prognosis  sign  for  nephrotic  syndrome,  but  this  mechanism is  still unclear. NF-κB has been reported to affect the glucocorticoid at the T cell through the transrepression in  the glucocorticoid  receptor .  Until  know,  this  study  was  still  limited.  The  aim  of  this  study  was  to  show  the  difference expression  and  activation  of  NF-κB  p65  subunit  between  childhood  SRNS  and  SSNS  patient.  Cross  sectional study  was  conducted  during  January  2009  to  December  2009  in  the  Saiful Anwar  General  Hospital  and Biomedic  Laboratory  Brawijaya  University.  Expression  and  activation  of  NF-κB  p65  subunit  were  determine  by immunochemistry  staining  by  counting  the  amount  of  lymphocyte  that  express  and  activate  NF-κB  p65  subunit among  200  lymphocytes  under  light  microscope  with  1000  magnification.  Results  was  analyzed  by independent  t  test  with  95%  CI  (p<0,05)  and  Pearson  correlation.  The  result  of  this  study  revealed  no significant  difference  of  expression  of  NF-κB p65  subunit  between  SRNS and  SSNS  (p=0,153),  but  there  was an increase activation of NF-κB p65 subunit in the SRNS patients (p=0,000).
Antiplasmodial Test of Tinospora crispa Stem Extract against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 Strain In Vitro Ihwan, Ihwan; Rifa'i, Muhaimin; Fitri, Loeki Enggar
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 28, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2014.028.02.6

Abstract

This study aimed to prove the existence of anti-plasmodial activity from Tinospora crispa (T. crispa) stem extracts and to determine the IC50 values as well as the best T. crispa stem extract concentration in inhibiting the growth of P. falciparum 3D7 strain in vitro. The degree of parasitemia was observed by counting the number of infected red blood cells in Giemsa stained blood films under a light microscope with a magnification of 1000x. The Plasmodium DNA concentration was measured using flow cytometryc with Propidium Iodide (PI) staining. Analysis of fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer showed that the methanol extracts of T. crispa stem contained tinocrisposide compound. From the quantitative test results of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), it was obtained 0,22 % alkaloids that might contain compounds of berberine and palmatine. One way ANOVA statistical analysis showed that the degree of parasitemia and the concentration parasite DNA of treatment group of dose of 2,0mg/ml was significantly lower compared to the control group after 48 hours (p=0,001) and 72 hours (p=0,001) of incubation. The T. crispastem methanol extract has anti-plasmodium activity, with IC50 values between 0,27 mg/ml and 0,29mg/ml, and the effective dose to inhibit the growth of P. falciparum 3D7 strain is 2,0 mg/ml with reducing parasitemia degree by 47,12% and 56,83% after 72 hours of incubation. From this study shown the methanol extract of T. crispastem was able to reduce the parasitemia degree of P. falciparum 3D7 strain in vitro and could to be a potential candidate for anti malarias.Keywords: Antiplasmodium, methanol extract, T. crispa, Plasmodium falciparum
EFEK KOMBINASI ARTEMISININ DAN N-acetylcysteineTERHADAP KADAR Malondialdehyde(MDA) OTAK DAN PARU MENCIT GALUR Balb/c YANG DIINFEKSI Plasmodium berghei Fitri, Loeki Enggar; Iskandar, Agustin; Permatasari, Nur; Gunawan, Joko Agus; Indrawan, Khadafi
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 24, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (94.577 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2008.024.02.4

Abstract

Cerebral and lung damage during malaria infection is believed to be caused by free radicals activitiesthat are produced during immunology process. The free radicals react with lipid component of cellular membrane which generates malondialdehyde (MDA) as its end-product. The aim of the research was to determine whether combination of artemisinin and NAC was moreeffective in decreasing cerebral and lung MDA level compared to artemisinin mono-therapy . The researchwas post-test-control-only design using 5 groups consisted of group A (negative control group), group B mice which infected with P.berghei without therapy (positive control group), group C mice which infected with P.berghei and received artemisinin mono-therapy (0.04 mg/g BW for 7 days), group D mice which infected with P.berghei and received artemisinin in combination with NAC (1 mg/g BW for 7 days) and group E mice which infected with P.berghei and received artemisinin in combination with NAC (1 mg/g BW for 3 days and tapered into ½ mg/g BW for 4 days). On the 3rd, 5th,and 7thday, 3 mice from each group were scarified and assayed for MDA level. On the 3rd day, a decreasing trend of cerebral and lung MDA level wasobserved on all treatment groups. On the 5thday, a decreasing trend of cerebral and lung MDA level wasobserved in group that received artemisinin and NAC whereas group’s that received artemisinin mono-therapy increased. Cerebral and lung MDA level of groupthat received artemisinin mono-therapy was significantly different with group that received combination of artemisinin and NAC in constant dose (p = 0.014) and with group that received combination artemisinin  and NAC in tapering dose (p = 0.004).
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MINYAK BUAH MERAH (Pandanus conoideus) TERHADAP STRES OKSIDATIF SEL ENDOTEL YANG DIPAPAR DENGAN SERUM PENDERITA MALARIA FALCIPARUM DAN NETROFIL INDIVIDU SEHAT Armiyanti, Yunita; Fitri, Loeki Enggar; Widjajanto, Edi
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 23, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1699.473 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2007.023.01.2

Abstract

Complication in Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with endothelial damage and overproductionof free radicals (oxidative stress) by activated neutrophils and endothelial cells. Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) oil  has a very high antioxidant content, therefore it may neutralize free radicals and prevent endothelial damage. The aim of this research is to prove that red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) oil reduce Reactive Oxygen Intermediate (ROI) production  of endothelial cells exposed to severe malaria patient serum and neutrophils from healthy donor. Endothelial cells from human umbilical veins were coincubated with serum from severe malaria patient and with neutrophils from healthy donor  (positive control group). HUVEC’s normal was used as negative control,  where as  the experimental groups were given with red fruit oil in different concentrations (2.8%, 5.7% dan 11.3% ). The Reactive Oxygen Intermediate (ROI) production of  endothelial cells was semiquantitatively measured by using NBT-reduction assay and the score of ROI was counted. The results were statistically analyzed with ANNOVA (p<0.01). The rate of ROI production of endothelial cells was markedly increased after incubation with patient serum and neutrophils.
EFFECT OF COMBINED THERAPY USING CHLOROQUINE AND VITAMIN C TO THE PERITONEAL MACROPHAGE FUNCTION IN BALB/C STRAIN MICE INFECTED BY Plasmodium berghei Fitri, Loeki Enggar; Suhendro, Wongso; Murwani, Sri; Muliartha, I Ketut Gede; Ali, Mulyohadi
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 19, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1633.38 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2003.019.03.2

Abstract

In acute infection, malaria will induce cellular immunity by activating T lymphocytes and macrophages cells. This induction indirectly triggers free radicals production in order to eliminate the parasites from red blood cells, however high concentration of thismolecules can cause vital tissue pathological changes on host. In late phase of malarial infection, there are immunosupression on macrophages activity including antigen presenting and secretion of immunoregulated mediator. It has been anticipated, vitamin C as antioxidant would diminish the side effect of thesefree radicals during malarial infection and increase the immunity. To see the effect of combination chloroquin and vitamin C in hastening the recuperative process by decreasing parasitemia and increasing the phagocytosis function of macrofages during Plasmodium berghei infection. This study has been carried out using 3 groups of BALB/c mice, all group were inoculated with 1x107Plasmodium berghei infected red-blood cells. No drug was given on control group (IK). In experimental group we introduced an oral therapy ofchloroquin for 5 days in 1.4 mg/cc dosage and vitamin C for 7 days in 0.2 mg/cc dosages concurrently with a Plasmodium berghei inoculation (IKC). One group was only given chloroquin at the same dosage and no drug was given at the control group (IK).
Kombinasi Artemisinin dan Ekstrak Moringa oleifera Menurunkan Ekspresi NF-κB namun Tidak Menurunkan Ekspresi iNOS pada Otak Mencit Diinfeksi Malaria Harahap, Herpan Syafii; Dalhar, Mochammad; H, Tinny Endang Endang; Norahmawati, Eviana; Fitri, Loeki Enggar
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 28, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (973.904 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2015.028.03.6

Abstract

Malaria otak merupakan manifestasi tersering dari infeksi malaria berat yang ditandai dengan respon inflamasi berlebih di otak. Untuk mencegah terjadinya resistensi, penggunaan obat antimalaria standar (artemisinin) harus dikombinasikan dengan obat antimalaria lain. Moringa oleifera, yang secara in vitro memiliki aktivitas antimalaria dan anti-inflamasi, merupakan kandidat obat untuk dikombinasikan dengan artemisinin. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh kombinasi artemisinin dan ekstrak Moringa oleifera terhadap ekspresi NF-kB dan iNOS pada otak mencit model malaria. Penelitian eksperimental laboratorik ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan 36 ekor mencit Balb/C yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei ANKA sebagai model malaria. Sampel dibagi menjadi enam kelompok, masing-masing satu kelompok kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, pemberian artemisinin 0,12mg/hari (C0), dan tiga kelompok yang masing-masing mendapatkan kombinasi artemisinin 0,12mg/hari dan ekstrak daun kelor 3,75mg/hari (C1), 7,5mg/hari (C2) dan 15mg/hari (C3). Pengobatan diberikan setelah mencit mencapai derajat parasitemia 1-5% pasca inokulasi parasit secara intraperitoneal. Ekspresi NF-kB dan iNOS otak mencit diamati dengan metode imunohistokimia pada hari ke-3 dan ke-7 pasca infeksi. Pemberian kombinasi artemisinin 0,12mg/hari dan ekstrak Moringa oleifera 3,75mg/hari, 7,5mg/hari, dan 15 mg/hari, menyebabkan penurunan ekspresi NF-kB dan iNOS yang bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif (p<0,05). Perlakuan tersebut tidak menyebabkan penurunan ekspresi iNOS yang bermakna dibandingkan pemberian artemisinin 0,12mg/hari saja (p>0,05). Kombinasi ekstrak Moringa oleifera dengan artemisinin memberikan efek sinergis dalam penurunan derajat parasitemia dan ekspresi NF-kB, tetapi tidak untuk ekspresi iNOS di otak mencit yang diinfeksi malaria.Kata Kunci: Artemisinin, iNOS, malaria otak, Moringa oleifera, NF-kB
Efek Kombinasi Ekstrak Anamirta cocculus dan Artemisin terhadap Penurunan Jumlah Sel Apoptosis Jaringan Paru Mencit Malaria Fitri, Loeki Enggar; Syamsuri, Dara Dasawulansari; Simamora, Dorta; Soemarko, Soemarko; Mintaroem, Karyono
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 45, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1715.153 KB)

Abstract

Plasmodium dalam eritrosit akan menginduksi respons imun, berupa produksi radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan paru. Kombinasi ekstrak Anamirta cocculus dan artemisin diharapkan dapat mencegah komplikasi akibat radikal bebas yang dihasilkan oleh sel imun maupun artemisin. Studi eksperimental dengan metode post test control group design only dilakukan di Laboratorium Parasitologi dan Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya periode Juni–Oktober 2010 untuk membuktikan efek pemberian kombinasi ekstrak A. cocculus dan artemisin terhadap jumlah sel apoptosis jaringan paru mencit galur Balb/C yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei. Mencit dibagi dalam 6 kelompok, kelompok 1 terdiri atas 9 ekor mencit normal, kelompok 2 mencit yang diinfeksi P. berghei tanpa terapi, kelompok 3 mencit yang diinfeksi P. berghei dan diterapi artemisin dosis 0,04 mg/gBB, serta 3 kelompok perlakuan mencit diinfeksi P. berghei dan diterapi kombinasi artemisin 0,04 mg/gBB dengan ekstrak A. cocculus 0,01 mg/gBB; 0,1 mg/gBB; dan 1 mg/gBB. Sel apoptosis dihitung dari ekspresi caspase-3 pada pewarnaan imunohistokimia. Pemberian ekstrak A. cocculus dosis 0,01 mg/gBB; 0,1 mg/gBB; dan 1 mg/gBB serta artemisin selama 3 hari menurunkan jumlah sel apoptosis secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok artemisin monoterapi (p=0,00; 0,026; 0,000). Hubungan lama terapi dengan ekspresi caspase-3 menunjukkan pada kelompok terapi kombinasi ekstrak A. cocculus 0,01 mg/gBB dan artemisin 0,04 mg/gBB memiliki korelasi positif yang signifikan (p=0,013). Simpulan, terapi jangka pendek kombinasi ekstrak A. cocculus dan artemisin mempunyai efek yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pemberian artemisin monoterapi dalam hal penurunan jumlah sel apoptosis jaringan paru. [MKB. 2013;45(2):69–77]Kata kunci: Anamirta cocculus, apoptosis sel paru, artemisin,caspase-3, malariaThe Effect of Anamirta cocculus Extract and Artemisin Combination in Decreasing Number of Apoptotic Lung Cells of Malaria Infected MiceThe presence of Plasmodium in erythrocytes will induce immune responses, including the production of free radicals which can lead to lung tissue cells damage. Combination therapy of Anamirta cocculus extract and artemisin is expected to prevent complications caused by free radicals produced by immune cells and artemisin. This experimental study which using post test control group design only was done in Laboratory of Parasitology and Biomedic Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University on June–October 2010 to prove the effect of combination therapy of A. cocculus extract and artemisin towards the number of apoptotic lung tissue cells of Balb/C mice infected by Plasmodium berghei. Mice were divided into 6 groups, the first normal Balb/C mice, the second mice infected by P. berghei without treatment, the third mice infected by P. berghei and treated with artemisin 0.04 mg/g BW, and 3 combination contains mice infected by P. berghei and treated with a combination of artemisin 0.04 mg/ gBW and A.cocculus extract 0.01 mg/gBW, 0.1 mg/gBW, 1 mg/ gBW respectively. The apoptotic cells of lung tissue were counted from the expression of caspase-3 in immunohistochemical staining. In day 3 combination A. cocculus extract dose 0.01 mg/gBW, 0.1 mg/gBW, 1 mg/ gBW and artemisin reduced the number of apoptotic cells significantly compared to the artemisin monotherapy (p=0.00, 0.026, 0.000). There was a positive corelation between the length of treatment and the expression of caspase-3 (p=0.013) on group that treated with combination of A. cocculus extract 0.01 mg/gBW and artemisin 0,04 mg/gBB. In conclusion, the short treatment of combination A. cocculus extract and artemisin has a better effect than artemisin monotherapy in decreasing number of apoptotic lung tissue cells. [MKB. 2013;45(2):69–77]Key words: Anamirta cocculus, artemisinin, caspase 3, lung apoptotic cell, malaria DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n2.91
Profil Fenotipik Plasmodium falciparum Galur Papua 2300 Akibat Paparan Antimalaria Artemisinin in Vitro Maslachah, Lilik; Dachlan, Yoes Prijatna; Nidom, Chairul A.; Fitri, Loeki Enggar
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 47, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (657.484 KB)

Abstract

Resistensi parasit P. falciparum dan penurunan efikasi terhadap artemisinin mengakibatkan masalah malaria menjadi semakin  kompleks. Hal ini menjadi salah satu permasalahan kesehatan di dunia  yang belum dapat diselesaikan sampai saat ini karena belum ada obat baru pengganti artemisinin. Penelitian ini untuk membuktikan bahwa paparan obat antimalaria artemisinin berulang in vitro dapat menyebabkan perubahan profil fenotipik P. falciparum galur Papua 2300. Waktu penelitian Februari sampai dengan November 2013. Tempat penelitian di Biomedik Universitas Brawijaya Malang dan Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga. Desain penelitian experimental design dengan post test only control group design. Kultur P. falciparum galur Papua 2300 dipapar artemisinin berulang dengan dosis IC50. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap viabilitas dan nilai IC50 dengan menggunakan analisis probit. Kelompok kontrol tidak menunjukkan perubahan nilai IC50 juga pada kelompok perlakuan PO1. Nilai IC50 terjadi peningkatan setelah perlakuan PO2. Paparan artemisinin berulang pada PO2, PO3, dan PO4 menyebabkan waktu viabilitas P. falciparum galur Papua 2300 lebih pendek daripada PO1. Viabilitas stabil setelah perlakuan PO3. Simpulan, paparan artemisinin berulang berpengaruh pada perubahan peningkatkan nilai IC50 dan waktu viabilitas P. falciparum galur Papua 2300.  [MKB. 2015;47(1):1–9]Kata kunci: Artemisinin, fenotipik, P. falciparum galur Papua 2300, resistensiPhenotypic Profile of  Plasmodium falciparum Papua 2300 Strain Exposed to in Vitro Antimalarial Artemisinin The presence of the P. falciparum resistance and decreased of efficacy against artemisinin and its derivatives result in increasingly complex malaria issues. Malaria has become one of the currently unresolved world’s health problems due to the lack of  new artemisinin replacement drugs. This study aimed to provide evidence that the repeated exposure of in vitro artemisinin may cause a change in P. falciparum Papua 2300 strain phenotypic. This study was conducted during the period of  February to November 2013 in Biomedics Brawijaya University and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University. A post-test control only experimental design was used. In vitro cultures of  P. falciparum Papua 2300 strain were treated by repeated artemisin in IC50 concentration and were observed for their viability and IC50 using probit analysis. The control group did not show any changes after IC50value and PO1 treatment. An increase in IC50 value was occurred after PO2. Repeated exposures of artemisinin in PO2, PO3 and PO4 had shorter viability periods than PO1. The viability of was stable after PO3 in this group. In conclusion, repeated exposures of artemisinin influence changes in  IC50 value and viability period of  P. falciparum Papua 2300 strain. [MKB. 2015;47(1):1–9]Key words: Artemisinin, phenotypic, P. falciparum Papua 2300, resistance DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v47n1.390   
The Correlation between Serum Concentration of Vitamin D with Vitamin D Receptor Expression and Disease Activity in Indonesian Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Preliminary Study Handono, Kusworini; Tanuwijaya, Laksmi Karunia; Fitri, Loeki Enggar; Kalim, Handono
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 4, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

The vitamin D role on the immune response of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient is mediated by vitamin D receptor (VDR). Low level of vitamin D correlated with disease activity in SLE patients, and circulating levels of activated vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) contribute to VDR protein levels and its function. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between vitamin D status with expression of VDR in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and the disease activity in SLE patients. The Research Subjects were 15 SLE patients (ACR 1997 criteria) from the Rheumato-Immunology Division, dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang and 5 healthy controls. Serum vitamin D (25(OH)D3) level was assessed using ELISA method. VDR expression in PBMC was assessed using immunocytochemistry technique. The disease activity was measured by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score. This study showed no difference on VDR expression in PBMC between patient and healthy control group, but patient with vitamin D deficiency had lower VDR expression in PBMC than the other group. No difference on SLEDAI score between the group. Vitamin D status correlated positively with VDR expression in PBMC (p < 0,035, r = 0,473). However vitamin D status did not correlate with disease activity scores (p = 0,686).
Effects of Artemisin and Moringa oleifera Extract Combination on CD4+ and CD8+ Percentage of Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei BR. Sijabat, Melda Fio Flora; Hernowati, Tinny Endang; Fitri, Loeki Enggar
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 6, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

 This research aims to examine the effect of Artemisin and Moringa oleifera leaf extract combination on the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell of mice infected with P.berghei. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells have important role in eliminating Plasmodium intracellular parasite that causes malaria infection. Artemisin is a potent antimalarial that kills the parasite through free radicals production. Excessive free radicals damage the immune cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Flavonoid (quercetin and kaempferol) bioactive on Moringa leaves is a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, and is expected to prevent and decrease the adverse effects of Artemisin. This experimental post-test group research was conducted on six groups, i.e. normal mice (negative control), P.berghei infected mice without treatment (positive control), and four other groups, i.e. P.berghei infected mice and treated with Artemisin 0.004mg/gBW (A), and combinations of Artemisin 0.004mg/gBW and Moringa leaf extract 0.125mg/gBW (DK1), 0.250mg/gBW (DK2), and 0.500mg/gBW (DK3). On day 3 and 7, blood samples from each group were drawn randomly, parasitemia degree was calculated microscopically (magnification 1000 times), the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was determined using flowcytometry. The results of this study indicated that the administration of Artemisin and Moringa leaf extract combination for 7 days significant increased the percentage of CD4 + T cells in DK2 (p=0.001) and DK3 (p=0.000), and decreased the degree of parasitemia in DK1 (p=0.000), DK2 (p=0.000), and DK3 (p=0.000), however CD8 + T cells show no difference. There was a relationship between Artemisin and Moringa leaf extract combination with the degree of parasitemia (p=0.000) and the percentage of CD4+ T cells (p = 0.000), but not on CD8+ T cells. Keywords: parasitemia, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Moringa oleifera
Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W AA Sudharmawan, AA Adilah Ulfiati Adilah Ulfiati, Adilah Agustin Iskandar Agustina Tri Endharti Agustina Tri Endharti Ahmad Fauziansyah Zian Ajeng Maharani Putri Alfian Wika Cahyono Ali Rahmanto Anak Agung Gede Sugianthara Andi Arahmadani Arasy Anik Widijanti Arasy, Andi Arahmadani Ardhian Wardana Ardhian Wardana, Ardhian Ariel, Dio Giovanni Arif Setyawan, Sang Aji Arifin, Mochammad Samsul Astutik Pudjirahaju Bagus Hermansyah BR. Sijabat, Melda Fio Flora Bramantyo Aji Wicaksono Bramantyo Aji Wicaksono, Bramantyo Aji Brigitta Ida RV Corebima Burhan, Niniek Cahyono, Alfian Wika Chairul A. Nidom Chairul A. Nidom Dalhar, Mochamad Damayanti, Ria Dara Dasawulansari Syamsuri Desy Andari Dewi Indiastari Didi Candradikusuma Didi Candradikusuma Dio Giovanni Ariel Dorta Simamora Edi Widjajanto Elviliana, Elviliana Erma Sulistyaningsih Erwan, Nabila Erina Eviana Norahmawati Firdiani Nur Afifah, Firdiani Nur Fitria Febriliani Putri Fitriana Nugraheni Fitriana Nugraheni, Fitriana Ghofar, Hervin Febrina Handono Kalim Hayu Sukowati Nopitasari Heri Kristianto Heri Suroso, Heri Herpan Syafii Harahap Hervin Febrina Ghofar Hidayat Sujuti Husnul Asariati Husnul Asariati I Ketut Gede Muliartha Ihwan Ihwan Ika Setyo Rini Irene Ratridewi Isnadiyah Juhdi Joko Agus Gunawan Josef Sem Berth Tuda Juhdi, Isnadiyah Kana Mardhiyyah Kartika Senjarini Karyono Mintaroem Karyono Mintaroem Karyono Mintaroem Khadafi Indrawan Khairiyadi Khairiyadi Krisni Subandiyah Krisni Subandiyah Krisni Subandiyah Krsni Subandiyah Kusworini Handono Laksmi Karunia Tanuwijaya Laksmi Karunia Tanuwijaya Lilik Maslachah Lilik Zuhriyah M. Fahrul Arifin Mardhiyyah, Kana Mario B. Nara Melda Fio Flora BR. Sijabat Merici, Angela Mochammad Dalhar Moh Mirza Nuryady Moh Mirza Nuryady, Moh Mirza Mohammad Saifur Rahman Mulyohadi Ali Muti'ah, Roihatul Nabila Erina Erwan Nafi’ah, Riris Waladatun Namira, Anggi Alya Nashi Widodo Natalia Erica Jahja Nicole Berens-Riha Nicole Berens-Riha, Nicole Niniek Budiarti B Niniek Burhan Noer Aini Nopitasari, Hayu Sukowati Nugraha, Rivo Yudhinata Brian Nur Fahma Pradiptasari Nur Fahma Pradiptasari, Nur Fahma Nur Hidayat Nur Permatasari Nurdiana Nurdiana Nurdiana Nurdiana Nurtyas, Yunika pertiwi, resti anggun Poedji Hastutiek Pratama, Andhika Putra Agus putra, prasaundra triantoni Putri, Ajeng Maharani Putri, Fitria Febriliani Putri, Rachmania Rachmania Putri Rahma, Zainabur Rahmad Rahmad Rahman, Mohammad Saifur Renny Suwarniaty Renny Suwarniaty, Renny Rifa'i, Muhaimin Rivo Yudhinata Brian Nugraha Rizky Amalia Rohma, Novita Ainur Sabrina Sunyoto, Nimas Mayang Saiful Akhyar Lubis Sakunda Anggarini, Sakunda Samsul Arifin Siti Candra Windu Baktiyani Siti Candra Windu Baktiyani Soebaktiningsih Soebaktiningsih Soemarko Soemarko Sofia, Ovi Sri Hayati, Yati Sri Murwani Sri Poeranto, Sri Sri Suhartini Sri Winarsih Subekti, Indah Fitriana Sudjari Sudjari Sugeng Setyo Utomo Sugeng Setyo Utomo, Sugeng Setyo Sujarot Dwi Sasmito sujarot dwi sasmito, sujarot dwi Sumarno . Susanto Nugroho Susanto Nugroho Sutiman B. Sumitro Swastomo, Rahadi Syarkiah Syarkiah Teguh Wahju Sardjono Teguh Wahju Sardjono Teguh Wahju Sardjono Thomas Loescher Thomas Loescher, Thomas Tikto Wahyono Tinny Endang Endang H Tinny Endang Hernowati Tinny Endang Hernowati Tuda, Josef Sem Berth Umar Zein Verry Asfirizal Vonny Mariany Deckert Wahyono, Tikto Wongso Suhendro Yoes Prijatna Dachlan Yuanita Mulyastuti Yuliyanik yuliyanik Yunika Nurtyas Yunita Armiyanti Zainabur Rahma Zakiyah Zulaifa Zakiyah Zulaifa, Zakiyah