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Journal : Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas

Antibacterial Activity from Temulawak Extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) on Growth Inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vitro Ni Wayan Mutiara Warmasari; Desak Ketut Ernawati; Agung Wiwiek Indrayani; Ni Wayan Sucindra Dewi; I Made Jawi
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 5, No 1: Februari 2020
Publisher : Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (303.357 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jekk.v5i1.6909

Abstract

Background: Infection is one of the main causes of disease in tropical regions like Indonesia. One of them can be caused by bacterial infection of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic bacterium that attacks individuals when the body's immune system is weak. The incidence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics that already exist so that requires an alternative treatment, one of which is the use of temulawak rhizome extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb). Temulawak rhizome is one of the spices which is still often used as traditional medicine among Indonesian people. Temulawak rhizome extract is known to have a variety of chemical contents with active compounds in the form of essential oils xanthorrhizol and curcumin which can affect the rate of bacterial growth.Methods: This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of temulawak rhizome extract on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria in vitro. The method used in this study is the true experimental post test only control group design. Samples were divided into four treatment concentrations such as the extract concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of temulawak rhizome which was tested by agar diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer).Result: The results of the analyze of variant (ANOVA) test showed a significant difference (p = 0,000). The temulawak extract could inhibit bacterial growth with a medium inhibitory response (5-10 mm). Temulawak rhizome extract showed the greatest inhibition at 100% concentration with an average inhibition zone diameter of 9.20 mm.Conclusion : The extract of temulawak rhizome has antibacterial activity. The higher concentration of temulawak rhizome extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb), the greater ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. 
Protective Effect of Lemon (Citrus limon L.) Ethanol Extract Cream as an Antioxidant Against Exposure to Ultraviolet B Rays in the Skin of Male Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Rats Dewa Ayu Putu Sri Ista Dewanti; Desak Ketut Ernawati; Agung Wiwiek Indrayani; Ni Wayan Sucindra Dewi; I Made Jawi
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 5, No 1: Februari 2020
Publisher : Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (162.746 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jekk.v5i1.6910

Abstract

Background: Indonesia is an archipelagic country and one of the tropical countries that get sun exposure all the time. Sun exposure can have beneficial and detrimental effects in life. Exposure to radiation can cause acute effects in the form of erythema through the inflammatory process. Antioxidants are substances that can protect the body from damage caused by ROS. Natural antioxidants can be found in vegetables and fruits, one of which comes from lemon extract (Citrus limon L.). Lemon extract is known to have various chemical contents with active compounds in the form of flavonoids and phenols which can act as antioxidants. The aim of this research was to determine the protective effect that can be produced by lemons on UVB exposure in the skin of male wistar rats.Methods: This research uses the true experimental post test only control group design method. Samples were divided into three treatment concentrations, namely ethanol extract of lemon 5%, 10%, and 20%.Result: After testing for normality, the significance value was obtained (p <0.05). Based on the results of the normality and homogeneity test, the results of the data distribution are not normal and the homogeneous tests of the hypotheses used are the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test results showed a significant difference with the significance value (p = 0.001). The best degree of erythema score was found in the cream of 10% ethanol extract of lemon with an average of 0.8 ± 0.84.Conclusion : The ethanol extract of lemon (Citrus limon L.) cream in a certain dosage has a significant effect on reducing the erythema degree score in the back skin of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) after exposure to UVB rays.
Comparison of Antibacterial Activity of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Ethanol and Water Stem Extract Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 3351 In Vitro Ni Wayan Sinta Devi Arini; Bagus Komang Satriyasa; I Made Jawi; Agung Wiwiek Indrayani
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 5, No 2: Agustus 2020
Publisher : Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jekk.v5i2.6908

Abstract

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is penicillin and cephalosporine resistant Staphylococcus aureus which is a major cause of nosocomial infection. Various studies have been conducted for resistant cases, especially herbs which have antibacterial activity. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is an example of herb which has antibacterial activity due to the presence of andrographolide. Andrographolide soluble in ethanol and poorly in water, while extraction with alcohol causes andrographolide’s degradation. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of ethanol and water stem extract and compare them against MRSA ATCC 3351 in vitro.Methods: This is an experimental study with a post-test only control group design and conducted by disc diffusion technique to obtain an inhibition zone against MRSA.Result: The result of this study showed the mean inhibitory zone of ethanol stem extract was 5,87mm, 6,77mm, 7,87mm respectively for 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations, while 1% concentration did not show antibacterial activity. Water stem extract at 1%, 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations showed mean inhibitory zone was at 4,57mm, 7,17mm, 8,67mm, and 9,67mm respectively.Conclusion: Ethanol and water stem extract showed antibacterial activity against MRSA. The independent sample t-test didn’t show a difference between ethanol and water stem extract of Andrographis paniculata toward MRSA (p>0,05).
Co-Authors A.N. Mahendra A.W. Indrayani Adi Saputra Agung Bagus S. Satyarsa Agung Nova Mahendra Agung Wahyu Permadi Agung Wiwiek Indrayan Agung Wiwiek Indrayani Aman, I Gusti Made Aman, IGM Amaral, Meriana Barreto Anak Agung Gede Angga Puspa Negara Anak Agung Ngurah Subawa Anom Suardika Ardo Sabir, Ardo Arisandy Achmad Aryana, I Gust Putu Suka Astawastini, I Dewa Ayu Mas Manik Astika, I Nyoman Astini, Dewa Ayu Agung Alit Suka Bagus Komang Satriyasa Budayasa, Anak Agung Gede Raka Cokorda Agung Wahyu Purnamasidhi Cokorda Bagus Jaya Lesmana Dany Hilmanto Desak Ketut Ernawati Desak Made Puja Astuti Desak Made Widyanthari Desak Made Wihandani Desak Putu Citra Udiyani Dewa Ayu Putu Sri Ista Dewanti Dewa Ngurah Suprapta Dewa Ngurah Suprapta Dewi, L. P. M. K. Dewi, Ni Wayan Eka Rahayu Dewi, Ni Wayan Eka Rahayu Dewi, Ni Wayan Sucindra Diaz, Leonardo Alpha Dimas Agusta Divasta, I G Mahapraja Dixon E.M. Taek Bete Dyah Kanya Wati Eka Putra Setiawan Elvina Veronica Endang Sri Widiyanti Eva Dharma Yanti Febrianda, Larasati Hanifa Gaga Irawan Nugraha Gede Agung Dhimasena Widyananda Gita Almira Putri Gitari, Ni Made Grudug, Kadek Agastya Widya Sedana Guna, I. M. A. W. Gusti Made Agung Mega Utama Hairudin - Hamsu Kadriyan Hervina Hervina I Dewa Ayu Inten Dwi Primayanti I Dewa Made Sukrama I Dewa Sutjana I Gede Widhiantara I Gusti Ayu Artini I GUSTI AYU MANIK ERMAYANTI I Gusti Bagus Wirawan I Gusti Kamasan Arijana I Gusti Made Gde Surya Chandra Trapika I Kadek Arya Gangga Permana I Ketut Suastika I Made Ady Wirawan I Made Agus Gelgel Wirasuta I Made Bakta I Made Dhita Prianthara I Made Dwi Ariyuda I Made Gde Sudyadnyana Sandhika I Made Krisna Dinata I MADE MULIARTA . I Made Sudarmaja I Nengah Sandi I Nyoman Adi Putra I Nyoman Adiputra I Nyoman Budi Hartawan I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya I NYOMAN MANTIK ASTAWA I Nyoman Wande I Pande Putu Deny Heriwijaya I Putu Adiartha Griadhi I Putu Astrawan . I Putu Eka Jaya I Putu Eka Widyadharma I Putu Gede Adiatmika I Putu Gede Andyka Yasa I Putu Gede Putra Darmawan I W. Sudarsa I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra I Wayan Lolik Lesmana I Wayan Niryana I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa I Wayan Rosiana I Wayan Sugiritama I Wayan Suka Yasa I Wayan Sumardika I Wayan Weta I.A.A. Widhiartini I.G. Wiranatha I.G.A. Artini I.G.M. Aman I.G.M.G.S.C. Trapika Ida Bagus Gede Suparyatha Ida Bagus Ngurah Ida Bagus Ngurah Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba Ida Bagus Putu Putrawan Ida Bagus Subanada Ida Sri Iswari Imakulata Magi Loda Imron, Moh. Ali Indra Lesmana J. A. Pangkahila Kamayoga, I Dewa Alit Ketut Agus Adrianta Ketut Budiasa Ketut Tirtayasa Kusuma, Anak Agung Ngurah Jaya La Ode Muhammad Gustrin Syah Lesmana, Cokorda Agung Bagus Jaya Losen Adnyan Luh Putu Ratna S Luh Putu Ratna Sundari Luh Putu Widiastini M. Irfan Made Agus Hendrayana Made Wiryana Maharianingsih, Ni Made Manuaba, I.A Ratih Wulansari Manuaba, Ida Bagus Tjakra Wibawa Mardaningrat, Kadek Herdana Vildan Muh. Irfan Muhammad Irfan Muhammad Irfan Muthia Munawaroh Muthiah Munawaroh N Adiputra N. Adiputra N. Adiputra N.W. Tianing N.W.S. Dewi Nabasa, Gayus Erino Naw, Sin War Ni Eka Dewi Ambarawati Ni Eka Dewi Ambarawati Ni Ketut Susilawati Ni Luh Suriani Ni Made Ari Purwaningrum Ni Made Linawati Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi Ni Nyoman Shinta Prasista Sari Ni Putu Sriwidyani Ni Putu Wirantari Ni Wayan Mutiara Warmasari Ni Wayan Saka Rahayu Ni Wayan Sinta Devi Arini Ni Wayan Sucindra Dewi Ode Mahesa Putra Oktovianus Fufu Pande Putu Karina Candra Pangala, Gustinara Bakti Permatasari, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Pramana, I Putu Yudi Pratiwi, Cokorda Agung Pratiwi, Kadek Prastiti Surya Prima S. Sudarsa Pujawan, I Made Naris Purnamawati, Susy Purnami, Ni Ketut Rai Puspitasari, Ni Putu Ayu Intan Putri, Kadek Wina Santhya Putu Angga Wiradana Putu Astawa Putu Ayu Sita Saraswati Putu Belly Sutrisna R. A.T. Kuswardhani Raka-Sudewi A. A. Regina Sesilia Noy Rita Maria Romdhoni, Achmad Chusnu Sang Ayu Arta Suyantari Sanjaya, Feliani Santosa, I Gusti Ngurah Putra Eka Sari, P. M. N. A. Sawitri, Anak Agung Sagung Silvana, Divika Sri Maliawan Sugijanto - Sugosha, M. J. Sukawati, C. B. A. C Sumawirawan, K. D. Sun, H. Sunny Suryawisesa, Ida Bagus Made Susy Purnawati Sutema, I.A Manik Partha Syahmirza Indra Lesmana Tang, Yen-An Thomas Eko Purwata Tirtha Yasa, I Nyoman Wawan Wahyuddin Wahyuddin Wahyuddin, Wahyuddin Wahyuni Novianti, I Gusti Ayu Sri Wayan Suardana Wibawa, I Gusti Ngurah Agung Satria Widhiantari, Ni Ketut Evitri Widia Danis Swari Widiarthini, Ida Ayu Alit Widiyanti, I Gusti Ayu Widnyana, M. Widowati, I Gusti Ayu Rai - Wiwekowati Wuga, Kristina Supartin Monika Yasa, I Nyoman Wawan Tirtha Yenny Kandarini Yogie Wiswadewa Yohanes Seran