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Ali Maksum
Universitas Brawijaya
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Journal : Global Strategis

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The Role of UNHCR in the Stagnation of International Intervention towards Victims of the Coup Conflict in Myanmar as an Effort to Maintain Peace Ma'arif, Hilman Mahmud Akmal; Maksum, Ali
Global Strategis Vol. 16 No. 2 (2022): Global Strategis
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.16.2.2022.307-328

Abstract

Myanmar is a country in Southeast Asia with a dire humanitarian crisis that is marked by the existence of conflict and humanitarian issues. The military's arbitrariness against civilians, from ethnic cleansing and genocide of the Rohingya ethnic minority to bloody coups, could not be suppressed due to technical and non-technical constraints. Civil society and the military organization are interrelated in Myanmar, and the country uses the strong relations between the two as best as it can for its internal interests to protect itself from foreign intervention. From a geographical point of view, Myanmar is located in the Southeast Asian region, with ASEAN as its regional organization. ASEAN is a unique regional organization whose member-states adopt a special principle called the principle of non-interference. According to the principle, all acts of interference from other countries are considered a violation and become an international crime when viewed from the Jus Cogens legal principle. This study then discusses the role of UNHCR as a facilitator to create peace by maintaining human rights. A qualitative method was then adopted to conduct the study, with data collection based on the news, journals, reports, and books. This study examines the concepts of democracy and human rights as an introduction to internal conflict in Myanmar and uses the concept of humanitarian diplomacy as an analysis of the role of UNHCR in Myanmar. Keywords: ASEAN, Democracy, Intervention, Humanity, Military Coup, UNHCR. Myanmar merupakan negara di Asia Tenggara dengan krisis kemanusiaan buruk yang ditandai dengan adanya isu konflik dan kemanusiaan. Kesewenangan militer terhadap warga sipil dimulai dari pembersihan etnis dan genosida etnis minoritas Rohingya, hingga kudeta militer yang tidak bisa diredam karena kendala teknis atau non-teknis. Keduanya saling berkaitan dan Myanmar memanfaatkannya sebaik mungkin untuk kepentingan internal untuk melindungi diri dari intervensi pihak asing. Ditinjau dari sisi geografis, Myanmar berada di wilayah Asia Tenggara dengan ASEAN sebagai organisasi internasional regional. ASEAN memiliki asas istimewa terhadap negara anggotanya untuk memberlakukan asas non-interference. Dengan begitu segala tindakan campur tangan dari negara lain dinilai sebagai sebuah pelanggaran dan menjadi sebuah tindakan kejahatan internasional apabila dipandang dari asas hukum Jus Cogens. Penelitian ini membahas tentang peran UNHCR sebagai fasilitator untuk menciptakan perdamaian dengan memelihara hak-hak atas kemanusiaan. Dengan berbasis pada berita, jurnal, laporan, dan buku sebagai hasil penjelasan dan telaahnya, sehingga tulisan ini bermetodekan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dikaji melalui konsep demokrasi dan HAM sebagai pengantar atas konflik internal di Myanmar, dan menggunakan konsep humanitarian diplomacy sebagai analisa atas peran UNHCR di negara Myanmar. Kata Kunci: ASEAN, Demokrasi, Intervensi, Kemanusiaan, Kudeta Militer, UNHCR.
Co-Authors Abdul Rohman Advendi Kristiyandaru Agung Nur Probohudono Agus Eko Sujianto Ahmad Sahide Ahmad Taufiq Akbar, M Ilham Faizin Albi, Albidri Baharil Alfiana Yuli Efiyanti Ali Djamhuri Alimuddin, Sitti Zarina Amil, Fathraena Aminuddin, Muhammad Faishal Andhega Wijaya anggriawan, rian Anif Fatma Chawa Anung Priambodo Arianti, Nora Silvi Eka Assa'adah, Vita Kamila Atmaja, Denis Bara Avicenna, Fitria Baharuddin Baharuddin Bambang Ferianto Tjahyo Kuntjoro Bihi, Moh. Abdullah Kafa Bustami, Reevany Choirul Bariyah, Choirul Cleoputri Yusainy Daniel Swanjaya Devitayanti, Erlya Dian Novitasari Diaztiarni, Diaztiarni Didik Prasetyanto Dina Yustisi Yurista Dwijayani, Rista Herjani Endah Utami Faizal Kurniawan Farid Sunarto Febriani, Afizza Audia Feriawan, Dharma Fidarijanthi, Ratu Aulia Fifukha Dwi Khory Firlilah, Rike Alifianda Firmansyah, Derby Fitri Amalinda Harahap Furqon Furqon, Furqon George Towar Ikbal Tawakkal Ginanjar, Wahyu Rozzaqi Gunawan Wijonarko Hamdani Hamdani Hamidi, Mohammad Rafi Handayani, Fidyah Yuniarti Hasbullah Hasbullah Hastira, Muhammad Fajhriyadi Haydar, Muhammad 'Affan Holqi, Fikri Gali Fernando Huda, Alfan Indahwati, Yunita Intan Tiara Kartika Irawadi, Irawadi Irwan Irwan Istihawa, Fidenia Jamil, Dzulkarnain Jawla, Famara Wassa Joko Purnomo Jubba, Hasse Juhji, Juhji Juwita Hayyuning Prastiwi Kamal, Ach. Baihaqi Kartika, Fhika Dyan Khairullah, Septi Khalifah, Siti Khresna Bayu Sangka Kumala, Hendy Ditya Kurniawan, Rully Eko Kusuma Luluk Dwi Kumalasari M. Mahbubi Ma'arif, A.Samsul Ma'arif, Hilman Mahmud Akmal Madyasari, Renata Kansa Maharani, Aprilla Putri Manitra, Ramalina Ranaivo Mikea Mastoah, Imas Maya Diah Nirwana Mediawan. S, Sigit Danuansyah Mindiharto, S.PSi., M.Kes, sestiono Misbahul Munir Moh. Anas Mohamad, Effendi Mohamed, Norahida Muchamad Arif Al Ardha Muchammad Ismail Mudjia Rahardjo Muhammad Anas Muhammad Faishal Mujamil Qomar Mukari, Mukari MUNASIB MUNASIB, MUNASIB NANIK INDAHWATI Nastain, Muh. Ningsih, Yuni Fitriyah NUR EFENDI Nurani Siregar, Indah Dian Nurhasan Nurhasan, Nurhasan Nurnazmi Nurnazmi Nurul Fadhilah Nurvaliza, Nurvaliza Okka Adiyanto Pambagyo, Wahyu Dwi Panjaitan, Adrian Perdana, Gilang Nesta Prasetiyo, Rahayu Priyono Tri Febrianto purbowati, ike sitoresmi mulyo Putri, Adinda Cahya Putri, Dewi Anjani Kartika Putri, Dhelya Apriliani Qaderi, Sabza Gol Rachmat Kriyantono Rafiqi, Fathan Rahmat Aziz Rahmat, Aden Bagus Rahmatullah, Ahmad Zaini Ade ramadhani, sherin Ramadhanty, Dhara Pramesthi Regina, Salma Retno Mangestuti Ridho, M. Ridwan, Muhammad Farih Rifqi, Rubayt Risca Dwi Jayanti Ritonga, Abdul Mukhlis Riyanto Riyanto Rochmah, Oxa Uniafaf Khayatur Rosidah Rossalia, Rossalia Sabiq, Ahmad Musyafa' Saputro, Wahyu Adhi Saudah Saudah SETIYO HARTOTO Siti Shalihah, Siti Sopyan, Abdul Rachman Sugeng, Sugengriyonto Sulasiah, Siti Sulistyorini Sumarsono, Agus Sundawa, Refa Putra Surwandono Surwandono Syayyif Al-Fathi, Zamahsyari Taufiq Hidayat Tobibi, Muhammad Robi Tutiawati, Siti Ulfah Nurdiani, Ulfah Umihani, Umihani Unti Ludigdo Wahyu, Muhammad Wahyu Prasetyo Adi Wahyuni, Esa Nur Wida Ayu Puspitosari Wijaya, Oki Wildana Wargadinata Yang, Chung Bing Yaqin, Ahmad Ainul Yogi, Adam Kurnia Yuli Hartati, Sasminta Christina Yustisia, Ika Rizki Zulfa, Lisa Ana