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All Journal Masalah-Masalah Hukum LAW REFORM Jurnal Hukum Progresif JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) FIAT JUSTISIA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Jurnal Hukum Novelty PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Journal of SouthEast Asian Human Rights INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW STUDIES Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure Al-'Adl Jurnal HAM Substantive Justice International Journal of Law Lex Scientia Law Review Bina Hukum Lingkungan Jambura Law Review Jurnal Yudisial Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan Kosmik Hukum Community Development Journal Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum AL IMARAH : JURNAL PEMERINTAHAN DAN POLITIK ISLAM University Of Bengkulu Law Journal Indonesian Comparative Law Review Khazanah Hukum JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM INDONESIA Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) Journal of Judicial Review Jurnal Rechts Vinding : Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Jurnal Kajian Pembaruan Hukum Majalah Keadilan NEGREI: Academic Journal of Law and Governance Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan Yuridika Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi Jurnal Lemhannas RI JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Bina Hukum Lingkungan Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Kriminologi Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS (INJOSER) Journal of Law, Environmental and Justice Jurnal Hukum Islam Journal of Law and Legal Reform The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education Strategi Memperkuat Integritas Lembaga Peradilan Indonesia Judex Laguens Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia "Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development " International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies
Fernando, Zico Junius
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bengkulu
Religion Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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DISSEMINATION OF COMMUNISM/MARXISM-LENINISM AS POLITICAL OFFENSE IN INDONESIAN: NATIONAL SECURITY PROTECTION OR ACADEMIC FREEDOM THREAT Fernando, Zico Junius; Arifin, Firdaus; Sitepu, Sudirman
Masalah-Masalah Hukum Vol 54, No 2 (2025): MASALAH-MASALAH HUKUM
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/mmh.54.2.2025.115-135

Abstract

This study examines Indonesia’s historical relationship with Communism and Marxism-Leninism, ideologies linked to the Madiun Rebellion of 1948 and the 1965 attempted coup. Despite the collapse of the Soviet Union and the global decline of Communist influence, legal provisions criminalizing the dissemination of Communism under the Indonesian Penal Code remain, raising concerns about academic freedom. These laws potentially restrict scholarly discussions and research, particularly concerning the 1965 events, both in academic settings and digital platforms. Using doctrinal legal research and comparative insights from Germany and Hungary, this study concludes that criminalizing Communist dissemination is no longer appropriate in Indonesia's current socio-political context. Legal protections should instead focus on safeguarding public interest and the rights of those affected by the 1965 events. Moreover, the vague formulation of Articles 188 and 189 of the Indonesian Penal Code poses a threat to academic freedom. The research suggests that policymakers reconsider these legal provisions and develop a clearer, more precise definition of “clear and present danger” to balance national security concerns with academic freedom. This study contributes to the debate on legal reform, highlighting the need for an updated approach that allows open academic discourse while respecting the rights of those affected by historical events.
Reconstructing Legal Accountability through Body-Worn Cameras: A Normative Study of Criminal Justice Reform in Indonesia Naidah, Siti; Fernando, Zico Junius
Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): Supremasi Hukum
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/3t9rqr77

Abstract

Efforts to modernize Indonesia's criminal justice system demand legal mechanisms that ensure accountability, fairness, and human rights protection at every procedural stage. While global studies on Body-Worn Cameras (BWCs) have focused on operational and policing impacts, few have examined their normative legitimacy and evidentiary validity within Indonesia's legal context. Anchored in the principles of the rule of law, due process, and evidentiary integrity, this study analyzes the legal status of BWCs, explores comparative practices in other jurisdictions, and formulates an ideal regulatory model for Indonesia. This research employs a normative legal method using conceptual and comparative approaches, analyzing statutory materials, public policies, and international practices from the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Australia. The findings reveal that Indonesia lacks a comprehensive legal framework governing operational standards, data management, and the evidentiary use of BWC recordings, resulting in uncertainty and fragmented practices. Comparative experiences show that BWCs become effective when legal systems ensure chain-of-custody integrity, privacy protection, and independent oversight. This study formulates a conceptual legal model integrating accountability, evidentiary reliability, and data protection through explicit activation rules, retention schedules, and dual accountability mechanisms involving internal and external oversight. Accordingly, BWCs are positioned not merely as technological devices but as instruments of legal reform that align Indonesia's criminal justice system with global standards of transparency, proportionality, and rights-based governance.
Dark Web Crime: Criminal Law Challenges in the Era of Cybercrime Ana Tasia Pase; Zico Junius Fernando
The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/iccle.v7i1.21109

Abstract

increasingly complex cybercrimes, particularly those occurring on the Dark Web. This hidden part of the internet, accessible only through specialized software such as Tor and I2P, has become a hub for various illegal activities, including drug trafficking, financial fraud, data breaches, human exploitation, and cyberattacks. The primary challenge in combating Dark Web crimes lies in the high level of anonymity afforded by encryption, decentralized digital currencies like Bitcoin and Monero, and jurisdictional limitations in law enforcement efforts. This study employs a normative legal research method with a conceptual and comparative approach to analyze global legal frameworks, enforcement strategies, and jurisdictional complexities in prosecuting Dark Web crimes. The findings indicate that existing criminal laws struggle to address the dynamic nature of cybercrime, necessitating continuous legal reform, stronger international cooperation, and advanced forensic technologies. Additionally, balancing cybersecurity enforcement with digital privacy rights remains a contentious issue in global legal discourse. This study recommends the harmonization of cyber laws, stricter regulations on cryptocurrency transactions, and improved international legal collaboration to effectively combat Dark Web crimes.
AI on The Bench: The Future of Judicial Systems in The Age of Artificial Intelligence Fernando, Zico Junius; Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono
Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Vol 13 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Pusat Strategi Kebijakan Hukum dan Peradilan Mahkamah Agung RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25216/jhp.13.3.2024.523-550

Abstract

This in-depth research explores the emerging relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and legal systems by addressing key questions and understanding the evolution of global justice systems. This study focuses on the role of AI in strengthening the efficiency and objectivity of the judiciary, especially through the application of AI as judges in countries such as China and Estonia. This research aims to systematically analyse these developments, examining how AI is being integrated into justice systems in different parts of the world with challenges related to ethics, accountability, and human rights. The study results show that the integration of AI in the legal system brings increased efficiency and potential for transparency but also raises serious concerns about bias in AI algorithms, limitations in interpreting complex laws, and the impact on human rights principles. The main findings of this research show that the integration of AI in the legal system contains great potential for transformation but also requires a careful approach. While AI can improve the efficiency and quality of decision-making, it is important that AI is developed and implemented within a solid legal and ethical framework that respects human rights and maintains the justice system's integrity. This research emphasizes the need to consider each country's unique legal, cultural, and social context when adopting AI into their legal systems.
GREEN VICTIMOLOGY: SEBUAH KONSEP PERLINDUNGAN KORBAN DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA Salim, Agus; Utami, Ria Anggraeni; Fernando, Zico Junius
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022): Bina Hukum Lingkungan, Volume 7, Nomor 1, Oktober 2022
Publisher : Asosiasi Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Kejahatan lingkungan yang marak terjadi di Indonesia beberapa dekade belakangan ini, banyak memakan korban, baik itu korban manusia ataupun non-manusia seperti hewan, pohon, sungai dll. Namun dalam kenyataanya dilapangan, perlindungan korban masih jauh dari yang semestinya, apalagi berkaitan dengan korban non manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif atau penelitian hukum kepustakaan (library research), dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), pendekatan analitik (analytical approach), pendekatan historis (historical approach), pendekatan futuristic (futuristic approach). Sifat penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-preskriptif, penulis menganalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah mencoba konsep green victimology dalam upaya perlindungan korban terhadap kejahatan lingkungan, yang menetapkan bahwa batasan korban atas viktimisasi lingkungan dalam perspektif green victimology tidak hanya terbatas pada manusia saja, namun juga termasuk dapat mengklasifikasikan korban non-manusia seperti, hewan, pohon, dan sungai, yang didasari pada nilai ekosentrisme (mengakui nilai-nilai intrinsik) dan sudut pandang keadilan lingkungan (ecojustice).
MEWUJUDKAN PERBANKAN BERKELANJUTAN DENGAN GREEN BANKING: ASPEK HUKUM PIDANA DALAM PERLINDUNGAN LINGKUNGAN Kontesa, Emelia; Fernando, Zico Junius; Hartati, Sawitri Yuli
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023): Bina Hukum Lingkungan, Volume 8, Nomor 1, Oktober 2023
Publisher : Asosiasi Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (302.637 KB) | DOI: 10.24970/bhl.v8i1.240

Abstract

ABSTRAKMewujudkan perbankan berkelanjutan merupakan salah satu upaya penting dalam mengurangi dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Salah satu cara untuk mencapai hal ini adalah dengan menerapkan konsep Green Banking. Penelitian ini akan membahas aspek hukum pidana dalam perlindungan lingkungan sebagai bagian dari strategi Green Banking yang efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif atau penelitian hukum kepustakaan (library research), dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), pendekatan analitik (analytical approach), pendekatan historis (historical approach), pendekatan futuristic (futuristic approach). Sifat penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-preskriptif, penulis menganalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Green Banking melibatkan strategi perbankan yang ramah lingkungan, di mana bank berkomitmen untuk mengurangi emisi karbon, mengoptimalkan penggunaan sumber daya, dan mendukung proyek-proyek ramah lingkungan. Hal ini tidak hanya memberikan dampak positif bagi lingkungan, tetapi juga meningkatkan citra perusahaan dan menghasilkan keuntungan finansial jangka panjang. Aspek hukum pidana dalam perlindungan lingkungan sangat penting untuk menegakkan aturan dan regulasi yang berkaitan dengan praktik Green Banking. Hukum pidana bertujuan untuk melindungi lingkungan dari tindakan yang merusak dan memberikan sanksi terhadap pelaku. Dalam konteks Green Banking, pendekatan hukum pidana menjadi instrumen penting kedepan untuk memastikan bahwa bank mematuhi peraturan lingkungan yang ada.Kata kunci: perbankan berkelanjutan; green banking; hukum pidana lingkungan. ABSTRACTRealising sustainable banking is one of the important efforts in reducing negative impacts on the environment. One way to achieve this is by implementing the concept of Green Banking. This research will discuss aspects of criminal law in environmental protection as part of an effective Green Banking strategy. This research uses a normative legal approach or library research, with a statute approach, conceptual approach, analytical approach, historical approach, and futuristic approach. The nature of research used in this research is descriptive-prescriptive, the author analyses using content analysis techniques. The result of this research is that Green Banking involves an environmentally friendly banking strategy, in which banks commit to reducing carbon emissions, optimising resource use, and supporting environmentally friendly projects. This not only has a positive impact on the environment, but also improves the company's image and generates long-term financial benefits. The criminal law aspect of environmental protection is essential to enforce rules and regulations relating to Green Banking practices. Criminal law aims to protect the environment from destructive actions and sanction the perpetrators. In the context of Green Banking, the criminal law approach is an important instrument going forward to ensure that banks comply with existing environmental regulations.Keywords: sustainable banking; green banking; environmental criminal law.
Bridging Corruption Articles” through the National Criminal Code: The Perspective of Corruption Eradication and Ta'zir Fadhil, Moh.; Anwar, M. Ian Hidayat; Fernando, Zico Junius; Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono
Al-'Adl Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024): Al-'Adl
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31332/aladl.v17i2.8436

Abstract

One of the tasks of criminal law reform is to consolidate criminal law provisions that are scattered in various laws and regulations. The drafting team has incorporated several special offences into the National Criminal Code as a bridge between the norms, making the National Criminal Code the epicentre. This raises normative questions about the position of special offences, especially corruption offences, when the norms are shifted to general norms in the National Criminal Code, in relation to the systematic enactment of Book I of the National Criminal Code, and whether the changes in the criminal formulation are proportional to the spirit of eradicating corruption. This research will focus on answering the above-mentioned normative concerns. This type of research is a normative research that focuses on the content analysis of legal materials in the form of Book I of the National Criminal Code, articles on corruption in the National Criminal Code and the Corruption Act. The validation process of the analysis results was presented in a forum group discussion with several legal aid organisations and university research institutions. The results of the research show that the intention of the drafting team to include corruption offences is limited to the technical consolidation of corruption offences in the National Criminal Code in the form of bridging articles. In the context of the fight against corruption, there are five crucial reservations, namely the disparity of penalties, the categorisation of fines, the powers of the State Loss Calculation Institution, the stagnation of the regulation of bribery offences and the harmonisation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.
Impact of Criminal Code’s Articles 263 & 264: A Critical Look at Press Freedom and Human Rights Nova, Efren; Fernando, Zico Junius; Putra, Panca Sarjana; Agusalim, Agusalim
Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure Vol 24, No 2 (2024): July Edition
Publisher : Law and Human Rights Policy Strategy Agency, Ministry of Law and Human Rights of The Repub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30641/dejure.2024.V24.133-146

Abstract

The public, human rights advocates, and media practitioners have engagedin significant debate regarding Articles 263 and 264 of the new CriminalCode (KUHP). These articles establish laws that criminalize spreadingfalse news that could cause social unrest. The punishments for spreadingsuch information vary depending on the severity and intention behind itsdissemination. Articles 263(1) and (2) differentiate between intentionallyspreading false information that the perpetrator knows is untrue andspreading information that is reasonably believed to be false. The punishmentfor this offense can be imprisonment for up to six years or a maximumfine of category V. Article 264 specifically addresses the act of spreadingfalse information that the perpetrator knows is untrue. Meanwhile, Article264 specifically addresses the act of spreading ambiguous, exaggerated,or incomplete news. Those found guilty can face a maximum penalty oftwo years in prison or a category III fine. This study utilizes normativelegal methodologies, which include statutory, conceptual, comparative,and futuristic approaches. The research design is characterized by bothdescriptive and prescriptive elements. Content analysis was conductedto evaluate the collected data. The study’s findings illustrate that theprimary objective of Articles 263 and 264 of the new Criminal Code is tomaintain public order and deter riots that may arise as a consequence of thedissemination of incorrect information. Nevertheless, these provisions havebeen criticized for their potential to be used as a means to suppress pressfreedom and limit public expression, both of which are fundamental aspectsof democracy and the protection of human rights. Concerns have beenraised about the potential impact of the implementation of these articles onthe protection of press freedom as guaranteed by the Press Law.
Unleashing Justice’s Future: The Dawn of Neuro-Cognitive Risk Assessments (NCRA) in Transforming Rehabilitation Mulyadi, Mahmud; Fernando, Zico Junius; Putra, Panca Sarjana; Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono
IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) Vol 9, No 1 (2024): Indonesia J. Crim. L. Studies (May, 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcls.v9i1.50152

Abstract

Neuro-Cognitive Risk Assessments (NCRA) represent a groundbreaking innovation in the criminal justice system, concentrating on evaluating cognitive and decision-making factors to assess inmate recidivism risk. Introduced initially in Houston, Texas, in 2017, NCRA have shown substantial efficacy, evidenced by a 2020 study reporting an Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.70, signifying a significant advancement in recidivism prediction. This research employs normative legal methods, utilizing a conceptual, comparative, and forward-looking approach, characterized as descriptive-prescriptive with data analyzed through content analysis. Key advantages of NCRA include their emphasis on cognitive factors and their capability to operate independently via digital platforms, reducing bias and enhancing objectivity. The global adoption of NCRA, including in countries like Canada, the Netherlands, and Australia, underscores its recognition as a promising tool in criminal justice practices. However, ethical considerations and responsible usage are paramount, ensuring the protection of individual rights and involving diverse stakeholders. The integration of NCRA into rehabilitation programs and public policies presents opportunities to enhance efforts against recidivism. By identifying individual needs more accurately and improving predictions of rehabilitation success, NCRA can motivate inmate engagement in rehabilitation initiatives. Moreover, NCRA support the development of effective crime prevention policies, contributing to broader societal well-being. In conclusion, NCRA represent a transformative approach in criminal justice, leveraging cognitive assessments to refine recidivism risk evaluations and enhance rehabilitation outcomes. Ethical deployment and collaborative engagement are critical to maximizing NCRA's potential in promoting justice and reducing reoffending globally.
Neurolaw: A Concept in Development and Enforcement of Criminal Law in Indonesia Fernando, Zico Junius; Agusalim, Agusalim; Utami, Ria Anggraeni; Albariansyah, Hamonangan; Sacipto, Rian
Jambura Law Review VOLUME 7 NO. 1 JANUARY 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33756/jlr.v7i1.24144

Abstract

Neurolaw is an interdisciplinary field that combines law and neuroscience to enhance the understanding of human behavior, decision-making, and their legal implications. This approach is gaining global attention and has potential for application in Indonesia's criminal law system. Neurolaw sheds light on how factors related to the brain and nervous system like impulsivity, mental health issues, and environmental influences can affect criminal behavior and personal accountability. This research, using normative legal method, finds that neurolaw could be valuable in Indonesia's justice system for evaluating testimony, truth, and fairness. Techniques like brain scans and neuropsychological tests offer scientific support for statements made by defendants and witnesses, helping to ensure legal decisions are more objective and just. While neurolaw offers potential advancements for criminal law, it faces challenges in Indonesia. Neuroscience is a complex field that requires specialized knowledge, yet Indonesia currently has few experts in this area. Additionally, the required infrastructure such as brain scanning technology, advanced laboratories, and research funding is limited.
Co-Authors Achmad Cholidin Agus Salim Agus Salim Agusalim Agusalim Agusalim Agusalim, Agusalim Akhmad Akhmad Albariansyah, Hamonangan Ana Silvia Ana Silviana Ana Tasia Pase Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono Anis Widyawati Annisa Salsabila Anwar, M. Ian Hidayat Ariesta Wibisono Anditya Arifin , Firdaus Aris Hardinanto Barda Nawawi Arief Baskara, Agri Beniharmoni Harefa Bhanu Prakash Nunna Candra, Septa Chairul Huda, Chairul Cholidin, Achmad Dahwal, Sirman David Aprizon Putra David Aprizon Putra, David Aprizon Dini Dewi Heniarti Dwi Budi Santoso Efren Nova Emi Puasa Handayani Emi Puasa Handayani Fadhil, Moh. Feka, Mikhael Firdaus Arifin, Firdaus Ganefi Hamdani Maakir Hartati, Sawitri Yuli Herlambang Herlina Manullang Humana, Sri Ilham Kurniawan Ardi Imanuddin, Muhammad Iskandar Iskandar Jaco Barkhuizen Jaco Barkhuizen Joko Setiyono Joko Susetyanto Kasmanto Rinaldi, Kasmanto Kiki Amaliah Kontesa, Emelia Kristanto, Kiki Kurnia Dewi Anggraeny Kusumah, Fardana Laily Ratna Lestari Victoria Sinaga, Lestari Victoria M Abdi Maharani, Asari Suci Mahmud Mulyadi Mahmutarom, Mahmutarom Mahrus Ali Maskur , Muhammad Azil Mikhael Feka Mikhael Feka Muchlas Rastra Samara Muksin Muhamad Adystia Sunggara Muhammad Yusuf Akbar Muna, Kholifatul Muthia, Arini Azka Nahdiya Sabrina Naidah, Siti Nur Rochaeti Nur Rochaeti, Nur Nur, Asrul Ibrahim Nurhayati Mardin Panca Sarjana Putra Papontee Teeraphan Pase, Ana Tasia Pratama, Aditya Andela Pujiyono Pujiyono Pujiyono Pujiyono Pujiyono Putra Perdana Ahmad Saifulloh, Putra Perdana Ahmad Putra, Panca Sarjana Putra, Yagie Sagita R.B Sularto Rangga Jayanuarto Ria Anggraeni Utami Ria Anggraeni Utami Ria Anggraeni Utami Rosmanila Sacipto, Rian SALSABILA, ANNISA Sary, Wevy Efticha Sauni, Herawan SAUNI, HERAWAN Septa Candra Sherly Nelsa Fitri Sidauruk, Jupenris Silvia, Ana Sinaga, Lestari Sinaga, Pidari Solehuddin Solehuddin Sri Wulandari Sudirman SItepu Taniady, Vicko Teeraphan, Papontee Tobing, David M. L. Try Mulya Naposo Siregar Utami, Ria Anggraeni Virdaus, Saivol Wali, Ahmad Wiwit Pratiwi Yagie Sagita Putra Yagie Sagita Putra Yagie Sagita Putra Yusriyadi Yusriyadi Yusriyadi Yusriyadi Zainal Arifin Zainal Arifin Zentoni