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All Journal Masalah-Masalah Hukum LAW REFORM Jurnal Hukum Progresif Yustisia JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) FIAT JUSTISIA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Jurnal Hukum Novelty PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Journal of SouthEast Asian Human Rights INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW STUDIES Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure Al-'Adl Jurnal HAM Substantive Justice International Journal of Law Lex Scientia Law Review Jambe Law Journal Bina Hukum Lingkungan Jambura Law Review Jurnal Yudisial Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan Kosmik Hukum Community Development Journal Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum AL IMARAH : JURNAL PEMERINTAHAN DAN POLITIK ISLAM University Of Bengkulu Law Journal Indonesian Comparative Law Review JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM INDONESIA Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) Journal of Judicial Review Jurnal Rechts Vinding : Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Majalah Keadilan NEGREI: Academic Journal of Law and Governance Yuridika Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi Jurnal Lemhannas RI JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Bina Hukum Lingkungan Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Trunojoyo Law Review Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Kriminologi Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam Journal of Law, Environmental and Justice Jurnal Hukum Islam Journal of Law and Legal Reform The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education Strategi Memperkuat Integritas Lembaga Peradilan Indonesia Milthree Law Journal Judex Laguens Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia "Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development " International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS (INJOSER)
Fernando, Zico Junius
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bengkulu
Religion Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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Reconstructing Environmental Criminal Law in Indonesia Through a Comparative Zemiological Legal Study Fernando, Zico Junius; Sueni, Annisa Sabilla; Arifin, Firdaus; Ramadhani, Susi; Zulaika, Almira Novia
TRUNOJOYO LAW REVIEW Vol 8, No 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/tlr.v8i1.31912

Abstract

Environmental crimes in Indonesia are increasingly recognized not only as violations of legal norms but also as social and ecological harms affecting communities and ecosystems. However, the existing framework of environmental criminal law remains largely formalistic, emphasizing administrative violations and statutory illegality while insufficiently addressing the broader dimension of socio-ecological harm. This research examines how a zemiological perspective can contribute to the reconstruction of environmental criminal law in Indonesia through a comparative legal study. Using a normative juridical method with statute, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study analyzes Indonesian environmental criminal law alongside developments in Belgium, the European Union, Argentina, Scotland, and the Philippines. The findings demonstrate that Indonesian law continues to rely on formal legality and weak corporate accountability, whereas comparative jurisdictions increasingly recognize severe environmental harm, ecocide, and collective victimization as bases for criminal responsibility. The contribution of this research lies in three main aspects. First, it develops a zemiological framework as a new theoretical basis for evaluating environmental criminal law beyond formal statutory violations, emphasizing social and ecological harm as the central criterion for criminalization. Second, it provides a systematic comparative legal analysis that identifies normative gaps between Indonesian law and emerging global models of harm-based environmental criminal law. Third, it proposes a conceptual model for reconstructing environmental criminal law in Indonesia by integrating the principles of social harm, the recognition of ecocide, and strengthened corporate liability.
LAND, LAW, AND JUSTICE: INDONESIA'S CRUSADE AGAINST LAND GRABBING IN THE ERA OF THE NEW CRIMINAL CODE Agusalim; Zico Junius Fernando; Ganefi
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS (INJOSER)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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Abstract

This research examines the intricate issues of land grabbing and agrarian conflicts in Indonesia, spotlighting the socio-economic and legal challenges faced by local communities, smallholders, and indigenous peoples. Utilizing a normative legal methodology, the study delves into statutory, conceptual, and futuristic approaches to analyze the phenomenon of land grabbing, which has been exacerbated by global food demand, economic interests, and the expansion of capitalism. The enactment of Law No. 1 of 2023 on the new Criminal Code (KUHP) in Indonesia marks a pivotal development in addressing crimes against land, offering robust legal protection against land dispossession, and ensuring equitable land transactions. The research underscores the dire need for agrarian reform, rooted in the principles of the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) and aimed at rectifying the unequal distribution of land. It argues for a balanced approach that harmonizes the interests of society, including marginalized groups, with those of investors to foster sustainable development and social justice. The study highlights the legislative efforts to tackle land-related crimes through the new KUHP, emphasizing the significance of transparency, fairness, and the protection of legal rights in land management. Through a comprehensive analysis, this research contributes to the discourse on sustainable national development, advocating for policy reforms and legal measures to combat land grabbing. It calls for a more democratic policy-making process, involving civil society's active participation, to ensure equitable land distribution and uphold the welfare of smallholders and indigenous peoples.
Legal Challenges in Criminal Execution of The Environmental Crime Cases in Indonesia: Efforts Toward Criminal Law Reform Widyawati, Anis; Fernando, Zico Junius; Arifin, Ridwan; Mursyid, Ali Masyhar
Jambe Law Journal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): (In progress)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Jambi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/k1djt237

Abstract

Environmental crimes in Indonesia, including illegal logging, pollution, and ecosystem destruction, continue to pose serious challenges despite the existence of an extensive regulatory framework. Most previous studies on environmental law enforcement in Indonesia have focused on investigation, evidentiary issues, or corporate criminal liability, while the execution of criminal judgments in environmental cases remains underexamined. This article analyzes the legal and institutional obstacles affecting the execution of criminal judgments in environmental crime cases, particularly those involving corporations, fines, additional sanctions, and environmental restoration orders. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. It examines Law on Environmental Protection and Management, the Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, and relevant sectoral regulations, and compares the Indonesian framework with selected practices in Germany, Brazil, and the United States. The analysis demonstrates that regulatory disharmony, overlapping institutional authority, limited procedural clarity, and weak post-judgment enforcement mechanisms undermine the effectiveness of environmental criminal law enforcement. The article argues that the central weakness of Indonesian environmental criminal enforcement lies in the post-judgment stage, where fines, additional penalties, corporate compliance orders, and restoration measures frequently remain ineffective in practice
Politics and Green Financial Crime: Envisioning a Sustainable Democratic Future in Indonesia Putra, Yagie Sagita; Pujiyono, Pujiyono; Rochaeti, Nur; Fernando, Zico Junius
Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Vol 24 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jdh.2024.24.3.15576

Abstract

The Indonesian Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center (PPATK) in Indonesia has uncovered a significant issue concerning illegal financial transactions linked to environmental crimes. They have identified that approximately 1 trillion Rupiah, obtained from such green financial crimes, is being funnelled into political parties for the 2024 elections. This discovery is particularly alarming, as it raises serious concerns about the integrity of the democratic process and the sustainability of the nation's political future. The PPATK's findings indicate that this illegal funding comes from various environmental crimes, including illegal logging and other environmentally damaging activities. The fact that these funds are being used to finance political campaigns implies a deeply concerning intersection between environmental crime and political corruption. This situation exemplifies a broader category of 'green financial crime', where environmental exploitation is directly linked to illicit financial gains. Results This research investigates the implications of these financial irregularities for the country's commitment to environmental conservation and the development of green policies. It discusses the broader implications for Indonesia's democratic order and urges a re-evaluation of current political funding mechanisms, advocating for transparent and accountable practices to ensure electoral integrity and promote a sustainable democratic future. The importance of collective action, involving civil society, policymakers, and international partners, to address the linkages between politics, democracy, and green financial crime ultimately protects Indonesia's democratic values and environmental heritage.
The Convergence of Drug Trafficking and Terrorism: Uncovering the Dynamics of Narco-Terrorism Kristanto, Kiki; Fernando, Zico Junius; Arifin, Ridwan; Widyawati, Anis
Yustisia Vol 13, No 3: December 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v13i3.81599

Abstract

Drug trafficking and terrorism have seriously threatened many countries' global stability and national security. However, in recent years, there has been an increasing trend of convergence between drug trafficking and terrorism, forming a phenomenon known as narco-terrorism. The article seeks to reveal the relationship between narcotics trafficking and terrorism, a phenomenon often called narco-terrorism. This study's normative legal research method utilizes conceptual and comparative approaches. The results reveal that the convergence between drug trafficking and terrorism seriously impacts security, economy, and social stability. The drug trade provides a substantial source of income for terrorist groups, enabling them to expand their networks, purchase weapons, and launch terror attacks. Conversely, terrorist groups provide drug traffickers protection, infrastructure, and access to drug markets. This study provides important insights for governments, law enforcement agencies, and international organizations in designing effective strategies and policies to counter narco-terrorism. By understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of convergence between drug trafficking and terrorism, appropriate preventive and countermeasures can be taken to mitigate the threats faced by the global community.
Co-Authors Achmad Cholidin Agus Manfaluthi Agus Salim Agus Salim Agusalim Agusalim Agusalim Agusalim Agusalim, Agusalim Akhmad Akhmad Albariansyah, Hamonangan Ali Masyhar Ana Silvia Ana Silviana Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono Anis Widyawati Annisa Salsabila Anwar, M. Ian Hidayat Arifin , Firdaus Aris Hardinanto Barda Nawawi Arief Baskara, Agri Beniharmoni Harefa Bhanu Prakash Nunna Candra, Septa Chairul Huda, Chairul Dahwal, Sirman David Aprizon Putra David Aprizon Putra, David Aprizon Dini Dewi Heniarti Dwi Budi Santoso Dwiyanto, Hendri Efren Nova Emi Puasa Handayani Emi Puasa Handayani Fadhil, Moh. Feka, Mikhael Firdaus Arifin, Firdaus Ganefi Ganefi Hamdani Maakir Hartati, Sawitri Yuli Herlambang Herlina Manullang Humana, Sri Ilham Kurniawan Ardi Imanuddin, Muhammad Iskandar Iskandar Jaco Barkhuizen Jaco Barkhuizen Joko Setiyono Joko Susetyanto Kasmanto Rinaldi, Kasmanto Kiki Amaliah Kontesa, Emelia Kristanto, Kiki Kurnia Dewi Anggraeny Kusumah, Fardana Laily Ratna Lestari Victoria Sinaga, Lestari Victoria M Abdi Maharani, Asari Suci Mahmud Mulyadi Mahmutarom, Mahmutarom Mahrus Ali Maskur , Muhammad Azil Mikhael Feka Mikhael Feka Muchlas Rastra Samara Muksin Muhamad Adystia Sunggara Muhammad Yusuf Akbar Muthia, Arini Azka Nahdiya Sabrina Naidah, Siti Nur Rochaeti Nur Rochaeti, Nur Nur, Asrul Ibrahim Nurhayati Mardin Panca Sarjana Putra Papontee Teeraphan Pase, Ana Tasia Pujiyono Pujiyono Pujiyono Pujiyono Pujiyono Putra Perdana Ahmad Saifulloh Putra, Panca Sarjana Putra, Yagie Sagita R.B Sularto Ramadhani, Susi Rangga Jayanuarto Ria Anggraeni Utami Ria Anggraeni Utami Ria Anggraeni Utami Ridwan Arifin Rosmanila Sacipto, Rian SALSABILA, ANNISA Sary, Wevy Efticha SAUNI, HERAWAN Sauni, Herawan Septa Candra Sherly Nelsa Fitri Sidauruk, Jupenris Silvia, Ana Sinaga, Lestari Sinaga, Pidari Solehuddin Solehuddin Sri Wulandari Sudirman SItepu Sueni, Annisa Sabilla Syamsudin Syamsudin Taniady, Vicko Teeraphan, Papontee Tobing, David M. L. Try Mulya Naposo Siregar Utami, Ria Anggraeni Virdaus, Saivol Wali, Ahmad Wiwit Pratiwi Yagie Sagita Putra Yagie Sagita Putra Yagie Sagita Putra Yusriyadi Yusriyadi Yusriyadi Yusriyadi Zainal Arifin Zainal Arifin Zainal Arifin Zentoni Zulaika, Almira Novia