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Journal : Science and Technology Indonesia

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Fractionation and Formulation of Face Serum from Citrus hystrix DC. Fruit Peel Extract as Sunscreen and Skin-Lightening Widyastuti, Widyastuti; Elmitra, Elmitra; Shinta, Dewi Yudiana; Verawati, Verawati; Afrianti, Ria
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.1.262-272

Abstract

While the leaves of C. hystrix are commonly traded as cooking spices, their fruit cannot be consumed and is still a waste from the harvest. Scholars strive to take benefit of this fruit, especially after discovering that the C. hystrix fruit peel extract has better sunscreen and skin-lightening activity than their leaf and pulp extract. Therefore, this study aims to examine the sunscreen and skin-lightening activity of this fruit peel extract fraction, which was formulated as a face serum. The fractionation process began by separating ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of peel using column chromatography. The separation of extract fractions was based on Retardation factor (Rf) values. Extract fractions and peel extracts were then tested to observe the sunscreen and skin-lightening activity by calculating the Sun Protecting Factor (SPF), Protection grade UVA (PA), DPPH, and tyrosinase inhibition using the spectrophotometric method. Following that, face serum was formulated as gel and emulgel using chitosan and Carbopol-940 as gelling agents. The results showed that the best extract fraction was presented by fraction-6 of fruit peel ethanol extract (FEEP-6) with an SPF value of 26.790 ± 0.028 and fraction-1 of fruit peel ethyl acetate extract (FEAEP-1) with a PA value of 0.609 ± 0.021. Good extract fraction was also shown in fraction-5 of fruit peel ethanol extract (FEEP-5) with an IC50 value against DPPH and tyrosinase of 159.770 ug/mL and 214.156 ug/mL. FEEP-5 was used in the face serum dosage form with a concentration of 0.05%. All face serum dosages met the physical evaluation requirements. The best SPF and antioxidant values of face serum were presented by F4 of 26.505 ± 0.762 and 61.905 ± 0.571%, while the best tyrosinase inhibitor was formulated by F3 of 64.926 ± 0.090%. This study concludes that FEEP-5 and F4 are the best extract fractions and face serum formulas to be used as sunscreen and skin lighteners. In particular, FEEP-5 can be made into a face serum, such as emulgel, sunscreen, and skin lighteners.
Co-Authors Abbas, Fhaisal Fernanda Abidin, Urwatil Wusqa Ade Salahudin Permadi Ady Purwoto Agung Nur Cahyanta, Agung Nur Agus Salim Ahmad Yani T Alkarimah, Khairani Almahdy A Andriana Anela Putri, Suci Apriani, Nining Baso Amri Borut, Mohamad Caroline, Shinta Cheng Jinkuan, Cheng Jinkuan Comalasari, Enny Desprayoga, Desprayoga Dian Nugraha Didi Susianto Didin Erma Indahyani Dito Anurogo, Dito Dwi Perwitasari Wiryaningtyas, Dwi Perwitasari Dwi Rahmawati, Agustini Liviana Ekawati, Nur Elfionita, Yolla Sarni Elmiati Elmiati Elvira Junita Endang Sri Suyati Estralita Trisnawati Fachry Abda El Rahman Fahlevie, Rinaldi Agusta Fauzi, Sellia Felia Susanto, Marcella Felicia, Elsa Fendri, Sandra Tri Juli Fera, Okta Fitriani, Helda Fitriani, Helda Florencia, Silviana Gunawan, Awal Hafid, Istiqamah Haiqal, Andi Fikri Happy Fitria, Happy Harapan, Edi Hartono Hartono Haryadi - Haulussy, Rais Rahman Hera, Hera Herni Kurniawati Husni Mubarok Ibni Hadjar Iin Nurbudiyani Ilham Ilham Ilham Ilham Indra Perdana Irnawati Irnawati Irwandi Irwandi Isnovian, Isnovian istiqomah istiqomah Izzata Barid jannah, nurmiftahul Jap, Yustina Peniyanti Jinkuan, Cheng Jonathan, Stevanus Kadir, Erni Kornela, Andhini Kune, Syarifuddin Larasati Larasati Liliandriani, Andi Lukman, Hendro Lukmanulhakim ., Lukmanulhakim M. Fatchurahman Maharani, Bernadetta Diansepti Mareta Akhriansyah Masita, Syarifah Metio Alberto MS, Nur Hidayah Muh Risal MUHAMMAD HERMAN Muhammad Naufal Hakim MUSOLI, MUSOLI Mustaruddin Mustika, Uray Ndaru Nandhita, Felim Alzena Ni'mah, Nurun Nopryna, Nopryna Novita Nining Anggraini Nuriza Agustina Nurlina Nurlina Nurwahidin, Muhammad Oei, Edy Oktoriyadi, Adri Fernando Pannyiwi, Rahmat Pratama, Muhammad Anzar Pricillia, Fanny Prima Putra, Deddi Priscilla, Priscilla Putri Dwi Cahyani, Putri Dwi Putri Irianti Sintaman Putri, Anggraini Raden Surahmat Ratih Sari Wardani Reni Astika, Reni Ria Afrianti Rieuwpassa, Sarmalina Riswandi Riswandi Romy Wahyuni Ruaida Ruaida Rusi Sahiruddin Sahiruddin Sahuddin, Muhammad sahuddin, Muhammad Sahuddin Shinta, Dewi Yudiana Siregar, Maralottung Sisca Naftali Siska Ferilda Siti Arnisyah Siti Juhairiah Siti Mardasela Suat, Hatty Suat, Rahmawati Sugiarto, Claudia Suharman, Muh Yahya Sulaimawan, Deddy Sulyanto, Pranandang Suryani Musi Syahra, Ulfa Syaiful Bachri Tri Dhevi Afiani Nggego Ummainyah, Ummainyah Valencia, Valencia Verawati, Aunurrahman Widyastuti Widyastuti Wijaya, Pani Ade Wirnelis Syarif Yuli Syafitri, Yuli Yuliana Yuliana Yulis Jamiah Zaunit, Muthia Miranda Ziaurrahman, Muhammad