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Journal : Science and Technology Indonesia

Fractionation and Formulation of Face Serum from Citrus hystrix DC. Fruit Peel Extract as Sunscreen and Skin-Lightening Widyastuti, Widyastuti; Elmitra, Elmitra; Shinta, Dewi Yudiana; Verawati, Verawati; Afrianti, Ria
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.1.262-272

Abstract

While the leaves of C. hystrix are commonly traded as cooking spices, their fruit cannot be consumed and is still a waste from the harvest. Scholars strive to take benefit of this fruit, especially after discovering that the C. hystrix fruit peel extract has better sunscreen and skin-lightening activity than their leaf and pulp extract. Therefore, this study aims to examine the sunscreen and skin-lightening activity of this fruit peel extract fraction, which was formulated as a face serum. The fractionation process began by separating ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of peel using column chromatography. The separation of extract fractions was based on Retardation factor (Rf) values. Extract fractions and peel extracts were then tested to observe the sunscreen and skin-lightening activity by calculating the Sun Protecting Factor (SPF), Protection grade UVA (PA), DPPH, and tyrosinase inhibition using the spectrophotometric method. Following that, face serum was formulated as gel and emulgel using chitosan and Carbopol-940 as gelling agents. The results showed that the best extract fraction was presented by fraction-6 of fruit peel ethanol extract (FEEP-6) with an SPF value of 26.790 ± 0.028 and fraction-1 of fruit peel ethyl acetate extract (FEAEP-1) with a PA value of 0.609 ± 0.021. Good extract fraction was also shown in fraction-5 of fruit peel ethanol extract (FEEP-5) with an IC50 value against DPPH and tyrosinase of 159.770 ug/mL and 214.156 ug/mL. FEEP-5 was used in the face serum dosage form with a concentration of 0.05%. All face serum dosages met the physical evaluation requirements. The best SPF and antioxidant values of face serum were presented by F4 of 26.505 ± 0.762 and 61.905 ± 0.571%, while the best tyrosinase inhibitor was formulated by F3 of 64.926 ± 0.090%. This study concludes that FEEP-5 and F4 are the best extract fractions and face serum formulas to be used as sunscreen and skin lighteners. In particular, FEEP-5 can be made into a face serum, such as emulgel, sunscreen, and skin lighteners.
Co-Authors Abidin, Urwatil Wusqa Ady Purwoto Agung Nur Cahyanta, Agung Nur Ahmad Yani T Andriana Anela Putri, Suci Apriani, Nining Baso Amri Bastian Nova Borut, Mohamad Caroline, Shinta Cheng Jinkuan, Cheng Jinkuan Comalasari, Enny Desprayoga, Desprayoga Dian Nugraha Didi Susianto Didin Erma Indahyani Dito Anurogo, Dito Dwi Perwitasari Wiryaningtyas, Dwi Perwitasari Dwi Rahmawati, Agustini Liviana Eka Fitrianda Ekawati, Nur Elfionita, Yolla Sarni Elvira Junita Estralita Trisnawati Fahlevie, Rinaldi Agusta Felicia, Elsa Fera, Okta Fitriani, Helda Florencia, Silviana Happy Fitria, Happy Harapan, Edi Hartono Hartono Haulussy, Rais Rahman Herni Kurniawati Ibni Hadjar Ilham Ilham Indra Perdana Irma Juita, Atika Irnawati Irnawati Irwandi Irwandi Isnovian, Isnovian istiqomah istiqomah Izzata Barid Jap, Yustina Peniyanti Jinkuan, Cheng Jonathan, Stevanus Kadir, Erni Kornela, Andhini Kune, Syarifuddin Liliandriani, Andi Lukman, Hendro Lukmanulhakim ., Lukmanulhakim Mareta Akhriansyah Masita, Syarifah Metio Alberto MS, Nur Hidayah Muh Risal Muhammad Naufal Hakim Mustaruddin Mustika, Uray Ndaru Ni'mah, Nurun Novita Nining Anggraini Nurhaedah Nurhaedah Nuriza Agustina Nurlina Nurlina Oei, Edy Pannyiwi, Rahmat Pricillia, Fanny Priscilla, Priscilla Putri, Anggraini Raden Surahmat Ratih Sari Wardani Reni Astika, Reni Ria Afrianti Rieuwpassa, Sarmalina Rina Wahyuni Romy Wahyuni Ruaida Ruaida Rusi Sahuddin, Muhammad sahuddin, Muhammad Sahuddin Shinta, Dewi Yudiana Sisca Naftali Siti Arnisyah Suat, Hatty Suat, Rahmawati Subaida, Ida Sugiarto, Claudia Sulaimawan, Deddy Sulyanto, Pranandang Suryani Musi Syaiful Bachri Tri Dhevi Afiani Nggego Verawati, Aunurrahman Wardi, Epi Supri Widyastuti Widyastuti Wirnelis Syarif Yuli Syafitri, Yuli Yulis Jamiah Zaunit, Muthia Miranda Ziaurrahman, Muhammad