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Cooperation Agreement Entered into by the Parties Regarding the Utilization of State-Owned Assets within the Indonesian Army (Case Study: Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Decision Number 2600 K/Pdt/2018) Maria Ulfah Hidayatulloh; Ariawan Gunadi
Tarumanagara Law Review Vol. 4 No. I (2022): Talrev-Untar
Publisher : Faculty of Law Tarumanagara University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24912/talrev.v4iI.39240

Abstract

The agreement that has been made and agreed upon by the parties applies as law and is binding on the parties who made it. Agreement made must be strictly implemented. Otherwise, it will be categorized as an act of default which gives the injured party the right to claim compensation. However, in the implementation of the Cooperation Agreement for the Utilization of State Property in the TNI AD environment, there are violations of the law committed by the parties, because in carrying out an agreement it must be done in good faith. By using normative juridical research methods. This study found that: 1. The unilateral cancellation of the agreement, there was a violation of obligations carried out by Kodam Jaya as a party in the implementation of the agreement because it contained arbitrariness, or used its dominant position to take advantage of a weak position (adverse circumstances) at PT. CAA, then this is included in an act against the law, because the arbitrariness is outside of the implementation of the obligations stipulated in the agreement, so it is not a breach of contract, but rather violates its legal obligation to always have good intentions in the agreement. 2. The risk that occurs if an agreement made by both parties is canceled unilaterally, then the one who cancels unilaterally, Kodam Jaya must compensate for material losses suffered by the aggrieved party, namely PT. CAA Rp. 40.313.050.000,- (forty billion three hundred thirteen million fifty thousand rupiah).
Reconstructing Legal Protection for Bankruptcy Trustees against Bad-Faith Debtors: A Human Rights Perspective Bonang, Rio; Gunadi, Ariawan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 25 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 25 No. 2 (2026): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v25i2.8331

Abstract

The increasing criminalization of bankruptcy curators by bad faith debtors exposes a normative gap in Indonesian bankruptcy law concerning legal protection for curators performing court-mandated duties. This study aims to examine the existing legal framework governing curator protection under Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations from a human rights perspective and to formulate a human rights-based normative reconstruction. This research employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The analysis is based on primary legal materials, secondary legal literature, and relevant non-legal materials, and is conducted through a prescriptive legal analysis. The findings reveal that the current legal framework emphasizes the authority and liability of curators but lacks preventive legal safeguards against abusive criminal proceedings. Therefore, the study proposes reconstructing the legal framework by incorporating qualified functional immunity, preventive screening mechanisms, institutional oversight, and human rights principles to strengthen legal certainty, professional protection, and the effectiveness of Indonesia's bankruptcy system
DEFINING “PARTICIPATE” UNDER ARTICLE 77 OF INDONESIA’S COMPANY LAW: OPEN-TEXTURED NORMS AND LEGAL CERTAINTY Anggra, Philip; Gunadi, Ariawan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 25 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 25 No. 2 (2026): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v25i2.8339

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the open-textured character of the term “participate” under Article 77 of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies and to formulate interpretive standards to strengthen legal certainty in electronic General Meetings of Shareholders (GMS). This study employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The analysis draws on H.L.A. Hart’s theory of the open texture of law and the theory of legal certainty. The findings indicate that Article 77 does not explicitly establish the degree of involvement required to satisfy the participation requirement. This ambiguity may lead to divergent interpretations and procedural abuse in GMS meetings. Accordingly, this study proposes a participation test comprising access to meeting communications, the opportunity to express opinions, and the ability to exercise voting rights. It also recommends implementing regulations consistent with the Company Law.
Protection of Citizens in Armed Conflict Zones: An Analysis of State Obligations and the Diplomacy of Evacuating Indonesian Citizens from Lebanon in 2024 Jariyan, Sarifah Ainun; Gunadi, Ariawan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 25 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 25 No. 2 (2026): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v25i2.8345

Abstract

This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Data were collected through the examination of relevant national legislation, international legal instruments, scholarly literature, and official documents issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The findings indicate that Indonesia's legal framework for protecting citizens abroad is established, among others, through Law No. 37 of 1999 on Foreign Relations and Minister of Foreign Affairs Regulation No. 5 of 2018 on the Protection of Indonesian Citizens Abroad. These regulations provide for preventive measures, early detection, rapid response, contingency planning, and emergency evacuation. In practice, the Indonesian government undertook a series of evacuation operations from Lebanon through coordination among the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and several Indonesian diplomatic missions in the region. The operations were conducted in seven phases between August and November 2024, involving land and air transportation, followed by administrative assistance, health checks, and facilitation of onward travel upon arrival in Indonesia. However, the available official report contains inconsistent figures regarding the number of Indonesian citizens evacuated and does not provide sufficient information to verify the implementation of all regulatory requirements, particularly concerning formal emergency-status decisions, contingency planning, and citizen mapping. This study concludes that Indonesia demonstrated concrete efforts to protect its citizens through evacuation and diplomatic coordination. Nevertheless, a comprehensive assessment of legal compliance requires more transparent and detailed documentation. Strengthening citizen data management, contingency planning, crisis communication, and post-evacuation accountability is therefore essential to ensure more systematic and sustainable protection for Indonesian citizens in armed conflict zones.
Co-Authors Agustin, Dila Wahyu Alberta, Alberta Alexander Arcelino Gunadi Amad Sudiro Amanda Fitriani Eka Putri Amrie Firmansyah Andre Kiemas Anggra, Philip Anthony Willyus Wongkar Antonius Ferry Bastian Aprilia, Indah Siti Ardianto Reza Pamungkas Ardyanus Hartony Laos Aulia, Riska Ayu Puspita Sari Aziq Rosdi Baehaqi Bonang, Rio Bondan Cahyadi Budi Prana Prasetyo Calvita Candra, Marvin Cendranita, Ivannia Chandra, Edwin Chandra, Yulius Charomain, Mochammad Imam Christopher David Nagaria Claudia, Zulian Clementino Moningka, Yosia Cornelia Alpha Darren Andreas Dave Chrysander Defilania, Oktri Dewi Rahma Dewi Wulandari Dharmasetya, Lani Ekaratri, Azkia Elysia Wilhelmina Rengkung Endison Ravlindo Evelyn Fionita, Jessica Frederick Septian Tuwan Fredrik Siregar, Aristoteles Gerhard Frisca Delicia, Nadya Frisca Frisca Grace Priskilla Suwanto Graciella, Eunike Hakim, M. Rizky Aulia Harjanto, Devy Yulyana Herman Joseph Irma, Febriana Jariyan, Sarifah Ainun Jessica Candakentjana Jessica Jessica Juan Davis Elhanan Kamil, Renita Kevin Veronica Halim Khanifa Fauziah Khantidevi Lukmadi, Fionna Khutub, Muhammad Kiemas, Andre Kirana Hamonangan, Marcellius Lestari, Novianti Lisa Putri Utami Lukita, Hans Made Aubrey Josephine Angelina Makawowor, Chelsea The Marchel Thobie Maria Cecilia Nugroho Maria Ulfah Hidayatulloh Marshella Cenyvesta Martheo, Felicia Martin Edward Awuy Martono Martono Matheus, Juan Mayvians, Tidelstein Melani Harly Melvina Michael Ang Michelle Nathania Michelle Starla Ongko Michelle, Grace Bernadette Mingga, Britney Wilhelmina Berlian Mita, Ermita Ekalia Monica Blazinky Muhammad Abdurrohim Muhammad Awal Alishakur Muhammad Theo Rizki Putra Muzacky, Ahmad Nadhea Tungga Devi Nagaria, Christopher David Nugroho, Hizkia Ivan Oping, Timothy Farrel Panji Ramadhan Pascal Amadeo Yapputro Pasyah, Rabbil Arya Petrosina Matauseja Huka, Christia Prasanti, Nandani Bayu Puspa Hartanto, Adinda Puspita, Lidya Putri, Amelia Natalie Putri, Destia Liana Putri, Pricilia Dwi Anggreni Raymond Kusuma Reyza Julianda Mahabati Ricky Ricky Rimandita, Tiffani Rizki, Muhamad Abdul Jamil Rohaya, Nizla Salim, Gerardus Aldo Samudra, Muhammad Bima Samuel, Yoel sari, nike kumala Shasmita, Sylvia Siswahyudianto Stephanie Patricia Prasetyo Suwinto Johan Sylvia, Sylvia Tanera, Lauren Teddy Francis Theresia Wijaya Tsabita, Nabilla Mahva Vanessa Widjaja Vianka, Maria Ibella Vina Octavia Vivi Heniasy Winda Gadis Sukardi Wonohadidjojo, Christopher Howard Yanuar Putra Erwin