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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Leaf Extract and Their Application as an Antibiofilm Agent in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infected Wounds Emma Jayanti Besan; Muhammad Nurul Fadel; Cut Intan Annisa Puteri; Dzukharian Munandar; Putri Tri Hartini
Fundamental and Applied Research in Medicine and Allied Sciences Indonesia Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): November, 2025
Publisher : CV. Get Press Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69855/farmasi.v1i2.434

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a significant challenge in chronic wound management due to its robust biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Tamarindus indica (tamarind) leaf extract offer an eco-friendly and effective approach to combat these infections. The bioactive phytochemicals in tamarind leaves function as both reducing and stabilizing agents, producing biocompatible AgNPs with potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. These nanoparticles disrupt bacterial membranes, generate reactive oxygen species, inhibit virulence factors such as pyocyanin, and compromise biofilm integrity. Incorporation of tamarind-derived AgNPs into hydrogels or composite wound dressings further enhances wound healing by maintaining a moist environment and providing sustained antimicrobial release. Although in vivo studies specifically using tamarind AgNPs against P. aeruginosa are limited, evidence from other plant-derived AgNPs supports their promising potential for treating biofilm-associated wound infections. Green synthesis using tamarind thus represents a sustainable strategy for developing next-generation antimicrobial wound therapies.
Evaluation of the Potential of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) in Increasing Oral Bioavailability of Low-Solubility Drugs Muhammad Nurul Fadel; Emma Jayanti Besan; Dzukharian Munandar; Husnunnisa; Cut Intan Annisa Puteri
Fundamental and Applied Research in Medicine and Allied Sciences Indonesia Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): May, 2026
Publisher : CV. Get Press Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69855/farmasi.v2i1.544

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Losartan potassium, a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II drug, exhibits poor aqueous solubility and limited oral bioavailability. This study aimed to develop and optimize a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) to enhance its dissolution and absorption. SNEDDS formulations were prepared using Capmul MCM C8, Tween 80, and PEG 400 based on solubility screening and ternary phase diagram analysis. The optimized formulation (F3) was evaluated for droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), in vitro drug release, pharmacokinetics, and stability. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in experimental rats Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in experimental rats (n = 3 per group) to assess bioavailability. The optimized SNEDDS produced nanoemulsions with a droplet size of 68.3 nm, low PDI, and good dilution stability. In vitro studies demonstrated rapid drug release (>96% within 30 minutes), significantly higher than the plain suspension. Pharmacokinetic results showed a 3.09-fold increase in bioavailability and a 2.79-fold increase in Cmax without altering Tmax. Stability studies confirmed good physicochemical stability over six months under ICH conditions. In conclusion, SNEDDS is a promising strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs such as losartan potassium.
PENDEKATAN EDUKATIF KANKER PANGKAL RAHIM SERVIKS PADA KELOMPOK ‘AISYIYAH KABUPATEN KUDUS Emma Jayanti Besan; Indah Puspitasari; Fania Nurul Khoirunnisa; Nor Asiyah; Diah Andriani Kusumastuti; Indanah Indanah; Muhammad Nurul Fadel; Wan Ismahanisa Ismail
Jurnal Abdimas Indonesia Vol 8, No 1 (2026): JURNAL ABDIMAS INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26751/jai.v8i1.3174

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Kanker serviks merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian perempuan di Indonesia dengan angka kejadian tinggi dan masih rendahnya tingkat deteksi dini. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran ibu-ibu ‘Aisyiyah Kabupaten Kudus mengenai faktor risiko, pencegahan, dan deteksi dini kanker serviks melalui pendekatan edukatif. Metode yang digunakan berupa penyuluhan interaktif dengan media audiovisual, diskusi, serta evaluasi pre-test dan post-test. Kegiatan diikuti oleh 44 peserta dan dilaksanakan di Aula Panti Asuhan Prambatan Kudus. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan peserta dari rata-rata 62% menjadi 90% setelah kegiatan. Antusiasme tinggi terlihat dari partisipasi aktif dalam sesi tanya jawab. Edukasi berbasis ceramah interaktif dan audiovisual terbukti efektif meningkatkan kesadaran peserta mengenai pentingnya skrining dan vaksinasi HPV. Kegiatan ini sejalan dengan strategi nasional pencegahan kanker serviks melalui pendekatan promotif dan preventif di masyarakat. Diharapkan kegiatan edukatif semacam ini dapat menjadi model pemberdayaan perempuan dalam mendukung upaya eliminasi kanker serviks di tingkat komunitas. Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death for women in Indonesia, with a high incidence rate and low early detection rates. This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge and awareness of women from the 'Aisyiyah group in Kudus Regency regarding risk factors, prevention, and early detection of cervical cancer through an educational approach. The methods used were interactive counseling with audiovisual media, discussions, and pre- and post-test evaluations. The activity was attended by 44 participants and was held in the Prambatan Kudus Orphanage Hall. The evaluation results showed an increase in participants' knowledge from an average of 62% to 90% after the activity. High enthusiasm was evident in active participation in the question and answer session. The interactive lecture-based education and audiovisuals have proven effective in increasing participants' awareness of the importance of HPV screening and vaccination. This activity aligns with the national strategy for cervical cancer prevention through a promotive and preventive approach in the community. It is hoped that this educational activity can become a model for women's empowerment in supporting cervical cancer elimination efforts at the community level.
Antibacterial Potential of Ethanol Extract Cream of Kersen Leaves (muntingia Calabura L) Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Muhammad Nurul Fadel; Emma Jayanti Besan; Muhammad Ridwanto
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol 7 No 3 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i3.5187

Abstract

Bacterial infections remain a substantial health concern. Several resistant microorganisms can induce bacterial infections, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some research indicate that Kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura L), due to its flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have undergone clinical testing, possess antibacterial characteristics. This study seeks to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of a 96% ethanol extract cream derived from Kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura L) against the proliferation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The research performed was experimental in a laboratory setting. The procedure for evaluating antibacterial efficacy via the disc diffusion method utilising formulations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and gentamicin. The technique of data analysis employing One Way ANOVA to discover differences in data. The antibacterial activity of the cream against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was tested, yielding a 5% inhibition of 17.33 mm (strong category), 10% inhibition of 19.00 mm (strong category), and 15% inhibition of 22.66 mm (very strong category). The research concludes that a 96% ethanol extract cream of Kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura L) possesses the potential to suppress the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Jeruk Manis (Citrus sinensis) Dan Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Terhadap Bakteri Salmonella typhi Penyebab Tipes Nadela Wahyu Wijaya; Muhammad Nurul Fadel; Fahrudin Arif
Jurnal Impresi Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 6 (2025): Jurnal Impresi Indonesia
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/jii.v4i6.6524

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Salmonella typhi, sweet orange peel, papaya leaves, antibacterial activity, MIC-MICD. AbstractThe background of this study is based on the high incidence of typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria in Indonesia and the increasing resistance of bacteria to conventional antibiotics. Therefore, alternative natural treatments are needed, such as a combination of sweet orange peel extract (Citrus sinensis) and papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.), which are known to contain antibacterial compounds. The objective of this study was to test the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract combination of the two plants against Salmonella typhi, determine the optimal concentration, and measure the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The research methods included ethanol extraction, phytochemical testing, disk diffusion testing, and dilution testing. The results showed that the 75%:25% extract combination produced the largest inhibition zone (26.43 mm) with a very strong category, while the MIC and MBC were 6.25% and 25%, respectively. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between concentrations. The implications of this study are the potential of the extract combination as a safe and environmentally friendly alternative treatment for typhoid fever, as well as promoting the utilization of local natural resources.
Potensi Antibakteri Mouthwash Ekstrak Daun Rambutan (Nephelium Lappaceum L.) Hasil Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) dengan Metode Difusi Sumuran terhadap Streptococcus Mutans ATCC 25175 Faza Rusyda; Riana Putri Rahmawati; Muhammad Nurul Fadel
KOLONI Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): JUNI 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/koloni.v5i2.874

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lappaceum leaves (Nephelium lappaceum L.) possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant, properties due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, and terpenoids. This study aimed to formulate a mouthwash preparation from rambutan leaf extract and avaluate is antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, in the process of extracting rambutan leaves using 70% ethanol with the UAE method (Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction), rambutan leaf extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening examinations that include flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids. The type of research conducted was experimental in the laboratory with the formulation of rambutan leaf extract (Nephelium lappaceum L) in mouthwash preparations using a concentration of 5% for F1, 10% for F2 and 15% for F3, the mouthwash preparations were subjected to physicochemical tests including organoleptic tests of pH, homogeneity, specific gravity, and viscosity. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the well diffusion method. The results of the research on the mouthwash formulation from rambutan leaf extract showed good physical organoleptic quality, pH, homogeneity, specific gravity, and viscosity of the preparation. In testing the antibacterial activity of the mouthwash preparation, the inhibition zone value at F0 did not have an inhibition zone; F1 6.92 (moderate) mm; F2 8.83 (moderate) mm; F3 11.00 mm (strong); and positive control 22.73 mm (strong), these results indicate that the higher the extract, the higher the inhibition zone produced.
Edukasi Efek Samping Penggunaan Kosmetik Mengandung Bahan Berbahaya di MA Sunan Prawoto Khoirul Umami; Ria Etikasari; Muhammad Nurul Fadel; Emma Jayanti Besan
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat (ABDIRA) Vol 6, No 4 (2026): Abdira
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/abdira.v6i4.2222

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Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini berjudul “Edukasi Efek Samping Penggunaan Kosmetik Mengandung Bahan Berbahaya di MA Sunan Prawoto.” Kegiatan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ditemukannya kasus dermatitis dan ochronosis akibat penggunaan kosmetik yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan izin edar BPOM. Maraknya peredaran kosmetik ilegal menyebabkan remaja rentan mengalami dampak kesehatan karena masih kurang memperhatikan kandungan dan legalitas produk. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran siswa mengenai bahaya bahan kimia berbahaya dalam kosmetik. Metode yang digunakan berupa presentasi dan tanya jawab dengan media edukasi berupa PowerPoint dan leaflet. Materi mencakup pengertian kosmetik, jenis bahan berbahaya seperti merkuri, hidrokuinon, asam retinoat, Rhodamin B, dan kortikosteroid, efek samping penggunaannya, serta cara memilih kosmetik yang aman dan terdaftar di BPOM. Hasil yang diharapkan adalah meningkatnya pemahaman siswa sehingga lebih selektif, kritis, dan bijak dalam memilih kosmetik, serta terbentuk perilaku penggunaan kosmetik yang aman untuk mencegah berbagai dampak kesehatan.
Spesialisasi Profesi Apoteker Untuk Optimalisasi Pharmaceutical Care Dalam Pendidikan Apoteker Advanced Practice Fendy Prasetyawan; Yuneka Saristiana; Muhammad Nurul Fadel; Ema Jayanti Besan; Nanda Ardianto; Ilhawa Zahra
SEARCH: Science Education Research Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): SEARCH: April 2024
Publisher : IAIN Sorong

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47945/search.v2i2.1342

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Abstract Penelitian ini membahas pengembangan profesi apoteker di Indonesia menjadi Apoteker Spesialis dan Advanced Practice. Inisiatif ini dilaksanakan oleh Pengurus Pusat Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia (PP IAI), Kolegium Ilmu Farmasi Indonesia (KIFI), dan perguruan tinggi, dengan mengacu pada model pengembangan yang dirumuskan oleh International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). Proses ini mengadopsi dan mengadaptasi standar internasional untuk disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi lokal di Indonesia. Melalui pendekatan "adopt and adapt," mekanisme Rekognisi Pembelajaran Lampau (RPL) diintegrasikan dalam sistem registrasi online yang diperkenalkan oleh KIFI, mempermudah proses pendaftaran dan administrasi program pengembangan profesi. Penyesuaian kurikulum, metode pengajaran, dan sistem evaluasi dilakukan untuk menjamin relevansi dan kualitas pendidikan yang diberikan. Pengakuan internasional terhadap kompetensi apoteker Indonesia tidak hanya meningkatkan daya saing tenaga kerja tetapi juga membuka peluang kolaborasi internasional dan peningkatan kualitas layanan kesehatan. Inisiatif ini berdampak signifikan pada sistem kesehatan nasional dengan meningkatkan kompetensi apoteker dalam berbagai peminatan spesialis, termasuk farmasi nuklir, farmasi interna, farmasi neonatus dan anak, farmasi intensif, dan farmasi onkologi. KIFI bekerja sama dengan berbagai pihak untuk memastikan bahwa program pendidikan dan sertifikasi yang diselenggarakan memenuhi standar nasional dan internasional. Pengembangan ini menunjukkan komitmen Indonesia untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dan praktik farmasi, memastikan apoteker siap menghadapi tantangan kesehatan masa depan, dan memperkuat posisi Indonesia di kancah internasional. Dengan kolaborasi yang erat antara semua pemangku kepentingan, Indonesia dapat mencetak apoteker yang kompeten, profesional, dan siap berkontribusi pada peningkatan kualitas hidup masyarakat serta penguatan sistem kesehatan nasional.
Analisis Pola Dan Biaya Pengobatan Pada Penyakit Ginjal Kronis Di Rumah Sakit Islam Sunan Kudus Akbar Maulana Hakim; Ria Etikasari; Muhammad Nurul Fadel
Journal of Innovative and Creativity (Joecy) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) termasuk dalam kelompok penyakit tidak menular yang angka kejadiannya terus mengalami peningkatan dan menimbulkan dampak besar baik dari sisi klinis maupun ekonomi. Gangguan ini ditandai oleh penurunan fungsi ginjal yang berlangsung secara bertahap dan berkelanjutan, sehingga membutuhkan penatalaksanaan jangka panjang, seperti terapi hemodialisis serta penggunaan berbagai jenis obat, yang pada akhirnya dapat memperbesar beban biaya pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pola terapi serta besaran biaya pengobatan pada pasien PGK di Rumah Sakit Islam Sunan Kudus. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif non-eksperimental dengan rancangan deskriptif analitik dan menggunakan data retrospektif terhadap 133 pasien rekam medis periode 2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola pengobatan didominasi oleh penatalaksanaan anemia renal dengan penggunaan Epoetin Alfa injeksi (71,4%), serta rute pemberian obat mayoritas melalui injeksi (87,2%). Komponen biaya tindakan hemodialisis adalah sebesar Rp923.000 per sesi, sedangkan rata-rata biaya obat mencapai Rp72.933,83. Rata-rata biaya riil rumah sakit tertinggi terdapat pada Kelas 2 (Rp5.917.902), diikuti Kelas 1 (Rp5.279.614) dan Kelas 3 (Rp4.481.464). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa terapi anemia, khususnya penggunaan Epoetin Alfa, merupakan komponen utama pola pengobatan pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis, sedangkan hemodialisis dan penggunaan obat menjadi komponen penting dalam beban biaya pelayanan.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PARIJOTO (Medinilla speciosa Blume) PADA SEDIAAN GEL HAND SANITIZER Muhammad Nurul Fadel; Nurul Huda; Hasriyani Hasriyani; Emma Jayanti Besan; Safitri Ayuningsih
IJF (Indonesia Jurnal Farmasi) Vol 9, No 1 (2024): IJF (Indonesia Jurnal Farmasi)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26751/ijf.v9i1.2433

Abstract

Daun parijoto memiliki kandungan bahan kimia bioaktif yang berpotensi menjanjikan sebagai agen antibakteri. Sifat antibakteri pada tanaman disebabkan oleh adanya bahan kimia flavonoid dan tanin, yang berinteraksi dengan dinding sel bakteri dan menghambat perkembangannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji efektivitas ekstrak etanol daun Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Ekstrak tersebut akan dimasukkan ke dalam komposisi gel Hand Sanitizer dengan jumlah basa Carbopol 940 yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lingkungan laboratorium terkendali dengan menggunakan metode difusi cakram untuk mengukur besarnya zona hambat. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol yang berasal dari daun parijoto dapat secara efektif dimasukkan ke dalam formulasi gel pembersih tangan dengan menggunakan bahan dasar Karbopol 940. Peningkatan konsentrasi Karbopol 940 menyebabkan peningkatan viskositas sediaan gel. Namun peningkatan ini tidak berdampak besar terhadap aktivitas antibakteri. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa semua sediaan gel hand sanitizer menghasilkan zona hambat yang lemah terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri yang diuji. Ekstrak etanol daun Parijoto dapat digunakan dalam gel hand sanitizer. Variasi konsentrasi Karbopol 940 berpengaruh pada viskositas gel, tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap aktivitas antibakteri.
Co-Authors Achmad Ridwan Afina Mahmudah Ahmad Kholis Ahmad Kholis Akbar Maulana Hakim Akbar Seno Syafriansyah Akhyasin Akhyasin Alya Narulita Anggita Ayu Anisa Sholikhati Aqfianti Fadilatunnisa Astutik, Widhi Aulia Nur Mustaanah Ayu Sri Lestari Besan, Emma Jayanti Besan, Ulfa Nabila Bintari Tri Sukoharjanti Bintari Tri Sukoharjanti Chandra Arifin Charliandri Saputra Wahab Davva Ra'uf Raynadi Diah Andriani Kusumastuti Dicky Bayu Setiyono Dzukharian Munandar Dzukharian Munandar Eko Retnowati Elfanesya Silva Ema Jayanti Besan Emma Jayanti Besan Emma Jayanti Besan Emma Jayanti Besan Endang Setyowati Endang Setyowati Endang Setyowati Fahrudin Arif Faisal Akhmal Muslikh Fania Nurul Khoirunnisa Faza Rusyda Febriana, Laela Fendy Prasetyawan Findasari Firdyansyah, Diah Aprilia Fitri Apriliani Fitri Apriliani Galih Kurniawan Gempita Hutami Dameria Hamzah, Hasyrul Hardiyani Presticasari Hartini, Putri Tri Hasriyani Husnunnisa Ika Lismayani Ilyas Ika Mulyasari Ilhawa Zahra Indah Puspitasari Indana Farikha Mawa Indanah Intan Adevia Rosnarita Intansari Setyaningrum Irawati Indrianingrum Irvan Shahrul Hidayat Izda Rahmawati Julia Megawati Djamal Kadir, Mujtahid Bin And Khoirul Umami Lailatul Farikah Lathifatun Nida Noor Lisa Savitri M. Wahyu Ariawan Mega Putri Utami Mildawati, Ratna Muhamad Khudzaifi Muhammad Abdul Rozaq Muhammad Alviyan Shutiawan Muhammad Khudzaifi Muhammad Lathoiful Minan Muhammad Ridwanto Muhammad Zielal Askari Mulyasari, Ika Nadela Wahyu Wijaya Nanda Ardianto Nauval Alfarizi Nihayatus Sholekhah Nina Irmayanti Harahap Nirmala Manik Noor, Lathifatun Nida Nor Asiyah Nur Masyithah Zamruddin Nura Ali Dahbul Nurul Huda Oktadiana, Isma Puteri, Cut Intan Annisa Rahma, Siti Sofia Rahmawati, Riana Putri Ratna Mildawati Rhomah, Eka Hayati Ria Etikasari Riana Putri Rahmawati Rika Wahyu Pujiastini Rofiq, Abd Sabaan, Wahid Sabila Febrianisa Safira Selly Safitri Ayuningsih Sakila Jauza Adiba Salma Karimah Salmasfattah, Novyananda Salmasfattah, Novynanda Salsabila Khairunnisa Sholekhah, Nihayatus Siti Mulyani Siti Sofia Rahma Tsamrotul Ilmi Ulfa Nabila Besan Ulviani Yulia Husna Ummi Nurus Salamah Utami, Mega Putri Viren Ramadhan Wan Ismahanisa Ismail Yuliasari, Aulia Wahyu Yulis Trinovitawati Yuneka Saristiana