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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan indonesia Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Indonesian Journal of Urology Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry JIMKesmas (Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kesehatan Masyarakat) Kesmas Indonesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Buletin Farmatera Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan SCIENTIA JOURNAL Jambura Journal of Health Sciences and Research Journal of Humanities and Social Studies Jurnal Kesehatan Medical Technology and Public Health Journal Poltekita : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan JURNAL MUTIARA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Lingkungan Hidup Jurnal Kesmas Prima Indonesia Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal Prima Medika Sains Jurnal Doppler Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Journal of Telenursing (JOTING) Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Science Midwifery TIN: TERAPAN INFORMATIKA NUSANTARA Babali Nursing Research Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, Psikologi Dan Kesehatan (J-P3K) Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Jurnal Abdimas Ilmiah Citra Bakti (JAICB) International Journal Of Science, Technology & Management (IJSTM) JOURNAL LA MEDIHEALTICO MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal Jurnal Kesehatan Saintika Meditory INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CULTURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM) Buletin Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Prima Indonesian Journal of Cancer Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR) International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Jurnal Mahasiswa Ilmu Kesehatan Haga Journal of Public Health (HJPH) Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Jurnal Info Kesehatan Folia Medica Indonesiana
Girsang, Ermi
Faculty of Public Health, University of Prima Indonesia
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Sociodemographic and knowledge profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Royal Prima General Hospital Naibaho, Iren Theresia Melati Br; Lister, I Nyoman Ehrich; Girsang, Ermi
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7178

Abstract

This study utilized a descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach, conducted from April to May 2024 at Royal Prima General Hospital, Medan. A total sampling technique was employed, including all 64 registered T2DM patients. Sociodemographic and knowledge data were collected via questionnaire and analyzed using univariate analysis to generate frequency distributions and percentages. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents were aged ≥45 years (62.5%), male (53.13%), had a low education level (≤9 years of schooling) (53.13%), and were unemployed (51.56%). Nevertheless, a majority of patients (62.5%) possessed a good level of knowledge regarding their disease. The profile of T2DM patients is consistent with that of a socioeconomically high-risk population. The high level of knowledge observed in the majority of patients may not guarantee optimal disease management due to potential structural and economic barriers. Therefore, intervention strategies for T2DM must be multifaceted, moving beyond education to address socioeconomic obstacles that impede the translation of knowledge into effective self-care behaviors.
ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF CLAIM REJECTIONS BY MANDIRI INHEALTH INSURANCE COMPANY Rehulina Br Purba, Farida; Lestari Ramadhani Nasution, Sri; Girsang, Ermi
International Journal of Cultural and Social Science Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Cultural and Social Science
Publisher : Pena Cendekia Insani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53806/ijcss.v6i1.964

Abstract

Claim rejection by insurance companies often occurs and in practice not all claims submitted by customers can be accepted. Facts at the research location, namely the Mandiri In health Insurance Company, claim rejection data for the period January-December 2023, namely individual Indemnity 47,730 cases and Managed Care 5,525 cases. The purpose of the study was to analyze the causes of customer claim rejection by the Mandiri In health Medan Insurance Company. Types of qualitative research with methods descriptive. The research informants were determined by purposive sampling consisting of 1 key informant and 5 main informants. The results of the study showed that the procedure for submitting insurance claims at the Mandiri In health Insurance Company in Medan City is by filling out the claim submission form, submitting the original valid and stamped receipt, including the account number, completing all claim document files and submitting them to the company. The causes of claim rejection are incomplete claim files, policy exceptions, ceiling benefit limits, claim expiration, double claim submissions, indications of fraud and administration. The conclusion of the research results is that the cause of the rejection of customer claims by the Mandiri In health Insurance Company came from the customer's error in not being able to fulfill the requirements needed for their insurance claim to be accepted It is recommended that the insurance company management provide training to officers to improve skills in dealing with and explaining problems that cause customer claims to be rejected and increase socialization of insurance products to the public or prospective customers.
Evaluation of the Tran Medic Application Online in Outpatient Patient Registrtion at Royal Prima General Hospital Medan Stephan, Weldy; Girsang, Ermi; Sihotang, Widya Yanti
International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM) Vol 7 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : The Islamic Education and Multiculturalism Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47006/ijierm.v7i2.518

Abstract

Data management and registration services are important components in supporting hospital information systems. Trans Medic application-based online registration is a web-based system that allows simultaneous use by multiple users. This study aims to evaluate the use of the Trans Medic online application in the outpatient registration process at Royal Prima Medan General Hospital. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study design. The informants in the study totaled ten people, consisting of one official staff, four registration officers, and five patients. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the obstacles faced in using the application were network disruptions and application errors that caused inability to access by patients and officers. Nevertheless, the human resources who manage the application are considered adequate and have the required knowledge and skills. This application provides significant benefits in the form of ease of registration for patients and work efficiency for officers. In addition, Standard Operating Procedures (SPO) related to the use of the application are available and running effectively.
Literatur Review: Pengaruh Motivasi Instrinsik Terhadap Perilaku Pencegahan Kaki Diabetik Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Kusumaningrum, Tri Siwi; Girsang, Ermi; Nasuition, Ali Napiah
MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal Vol 5, No 8 (2025): Volume 5 Nomor 8 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/mahesa.v5i8.19231

Abstract

ABSTRACT Intrinsic motivation is a support that comes from within a person. This motivation plays an important role in carrying out activities that support diabetes management, including preventing complications such as foot problems due to diabetes (diabetic foot). One way to prevent this is by carrying out regular foot care. The purpose of this literature review is to understand how intrinsic motivation affects patients with diabetes mellitus in preventing foot problems due to diabetes. This study was conducted using a literature review method, utilizing databases such as PUBMED, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar. From the search results, it was found that intrinsic motivation plays an important role in shaping patient behavior, including adherence to medication, diet, and preventive foot care. This shows that the higher a person's intrinsic motivation, the better they are at carrying out healthy habits to prevent diabetic foot complications. With intrinsic motivation, DM patients can have a stronger will to perform foot care consistently, monitor their health regularly, and make more healthier  lifestyle changes. Keywords: Motivation, Intrinsic Motivation, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Foot  ABSTRAK Motivasi intrinsik adalah dorongan yang muncul dari dalam diri seseorang. Motivasi ini memiliki peran penting dalam menjalani aktivitas yang mendukung pengelolaan diabetes, termasuk mencegah komplikasi seperti masalah pada kaki akibat diabetes (diabetes foot). Salah satu cara pencegahan tersebut adalah dengan melakukan perawatan kaki secara rutin. Tujuan dari ulasan literatur ini adalah untuk memahami bagaimana motivasi intrinsik memengaruhi pasien diabetes mellitus dalam melakukan pencegahan masalah kaki akibat diabetes.   Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode tinjauan literatur, memanfaatkan database seperti PUBMED, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, dan Google Scholar. Dari hasil pencarian, ditemukan bahwa motivasi intrinsik memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk perilaku pasien, termasuk kepatuhan terhadap pengobatan, diet, dan perawatan kaki secara preventif. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi motivasi intrinsik seseorang, semakin baik mereka dalam menjalankan kebiasaan-kebiasaan sehat untuk mencegah komplikasi kaki diabetik. Dengan motivasi intrinsik, pasien DM  dapat memiliki kemauan yang lebih kuat untuk melakukan perawatan kaki secara konsisten, memantau kesehatan mereka secara teratur, dan melakukan perubahan gaya hidup yang  lebih sehat.  Kata Kunci: Motivasi, Motivasi Instrinsik, Diabetes Mellitus, Kaki Diabetik
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Determinant among Online Sex Workers in Indonesia Ginting, Gabby Gabriela; Girsang, Ermi; Nasution, Sri Wahyuni
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 37 No. 2 (2025): AUGUST
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V37.2.2025.110-118

Abstract

Background: Since the beginning of Indonesia’s Reformation era, hundreds of localizations have been closed to control prostitution and human trafficking. However, these efforts have not had much impact because sex workers have now become sporadic with transactions through social media, making it harder to monitor and control. Purpose: This study aims to determine the determinants of sexually transmitted diseases in online sex workers. Methods: This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design, and it was conducted online. The population in this study was online sex workers; their population is unknown. The sample in this study was selected using the snowball sampling technique. Number of samples used in this study was 593. The data in this study were collected using valid and reliable questionnaires filled out online by respondents. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Result: This study found that the majority of online sex workers were female (79.8%) and heterosexual (81.1%). However, only 56% of respondents always wear a condom, and 3.2% of respondents never wear one during their service. In addition, the majority of respondents knew their HIV status as HIV negative (92.7%) and had experienced at least one type of sexually transmitted infection (99.3%). Of all variables that were measured on respondents, only sexual orientation (p<0.001) was significantly associated with sexually transmitted diseases in general. Conclusion: STIs remain prevalent among online sex workers in Indonesia. Risky sexual behaviors, particularly inconsistent condom use, continue to play a major role in sustaining infection rates in this population.
Exploring the Role of Psychosocial Factors in Medication Compliance among Gonorrhea Patients Maler, Tangge; Hamdi, Sintiya; Manalu, Putranto; Girsang, Ermi; Suhartina
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 37 No. 2 (2025): AUGUST
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V37.2.2025.98-105

Abstract

Background: Gonorrhea is a globally prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) that continues to present a serious public health challenge, particularly in light of the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance. Effective disease management depends significantly on patient adherence to prescribed treatments. However, suboptimal adherence is frequently reported, which undermines control efforts and contributes to the emergence of drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains. Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors influencing medication adherence among patients diagnosed with gonorrhea. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 74 participants. Data were collected through structured questionnaires assessing five variables: knowledge of gonorrhea, family support, perceived stigma, self-efficacy, and treatment adherence. Univariate analysis using descriptive statistics was performed to summarize demographic characteristics and key variables. Chi-square tests were used to determine the association between predictor variables and treatment adherence. Results: The findings showed that 86.5% of participants had good knowledge regarding gonorrhea, while 56.6% reported insufficient family support. Most respondents (81.1%) did not experience perceived stigma, and 64.9% reported high self-efficacy. Overall, 64.9% of participants adhered to their treatment regimen. Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between treatment adherence and knowledge (p = 0.007; OR = 6.111), family support (p = 0.008; OR = 4.821), perceived stigma (p = 0.001; OR = 7.571), and self-efficacy (p = 0.001; OR = 7.200). Conclusion: The results underscore the importance of psychosocial factors in enhancing medication adherence. Targeted interventions addressing knowledge, family support, stigma, and self-efficacy are essential to improving treatment outcomes and reducing gonorrhea transmission.
Hubungan kualitas pelayanan tenaga kesehatan terhadap kepuasan pasien: studi cross-sectional Harahap, Vinnie Hazriah; Girsang, Ermi; Nasution, Sri Lestari Ramadhani
Haga Journal of Public Health (HJPH) Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : YAYASAN VICTORY HAGA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62290/hjph.v2i3.55

Abstract

Latar belakang: Mutu pelayanan merupakan faktor determinan utama yang memengaruhi tingkat kepuasan pasien di institusi pelayanan kesehatan. Kualitas pelayanan tidak hanya ditentukan oleh aspek fisik, seperti ketersediaan fasilitas dan kelengkapan sarana, tetapi juga mencakup aspek non-fisik yang mencerminkan kualitas interaksi antara tenaga kesehatan dan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas pelayanan tenaga kesehatan dan kepuasan pasien.   Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cikampak, Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan. Populasi penelitian mencakup seluruh pasien yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Cikampak sepanjang tahun 2024, dengan total 200 orang. Seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel melalui penerapan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada responden. Untuk menganalisis data, digunakan uji statistik Chi-Square untuk menguji hubungan antarvariabel yang diteliti. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara dimensi bukti fisik dan tingkat kepuasan pasien (p = 0,155). Sebaliknya, dimensi keandalan, daya tanggap, empati, dan jaminan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kepuasan pasien, dengan nilai signifikansi p < 0,001. Kesimpulan: Keandalan, daya tanggap, kepedulian, dan jaminan yang optimal memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kepuasan pasien.
Evaluasi efektivitas penggunaan metode anjungan pendaftaran mandiri: studi kualitatif Harahap, S. Shelly Hazlina; Girsang, Ermi; Nasution, Sri Lestari Ramadhani
Haga Journal of Public Health (HJPH) Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : YAYASAN VICTORY HAGA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62290/hjph.v2i3.57

Abstract

Latar belakang: Anjungan Pendaftaran Mandiri (APM), yang berbasis aplikasi, merupakan sebuah platform digital berbasis web yang dirancang untuk membantu pasien rawat jalan dalam melakukan pendaftaran secara mandiri tanpa melalui loket pendaftaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penggunaan metode APM di Puskesmas Batugana, Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, yang dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Batugana pada periode September 2022–Desember 2023. Informan penelitian berjumlah empat orang yang terdiri atas Kepala Puskesmas, Kepala Bidang Pendaftaran Mandiri, petugas rawat jalan, dan seorang pasien, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi terhadap pasien yang memanfaatkan metode APM. Hasil: Penerapan APM di Puskesmas Batugana dinilai efektif dalam mengurangi antrean pendaftaran serta meningkatkan efisiensi layanan. Keberhasilan penerapannya dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendukung, seperti kompetensi SDM, ketersediaan SOP, serta sarana dan prasarana yang memadai. Kesimpulan: Efektivitas penerapan APM sangat bergantung pada kualitas sumber daya manusia, keberadaan standar operasional prosedur, dan ketersediaan sarana serta prasarana di Puskesmas Batugana.
Prevalensi Penyakit Gagal Ginjal Kronik Di Kalangan Usia Produktif Akibat Gaya Hidup Di Rumah Sakit Royal Prima Medan Agatha, Callista Della; Mukti, Ade Indra; Girsang, Ermi
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v10i8.61340

Abstract

Penyakit Gagal Ginjal Kronik ( CKD ) adalah penyakit yang menyebabkan kerusakan ginjal secara progresif yang ditandai dengan penurunan laju filtrasi glomerulus (glomerular filtration rate) kurang dari 60 mL/menit/1,73 m² yang berlangsung selama lebih dari tiga bulan, salah satu penyebab dari penyakit gagal ginjal kronik ini kurangnya memperhatikan gaya hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan hubungan penyakit gagal ginjal kronik di usia kalangan produktif akibat gaya hidup di RS Royal Prima Medan Tahun 2024 . Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain cross-sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien penderita gagal ginjal kronik dengan usia produktif (usia 15-59) didapati 240 pasien. Sampel pada penelitian ini diambil dengan cara total sampling. Data penelitian ini ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi serta dilakukan uji chi-square untuk mengetahui hubungan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa penderita penyakit gagal ginjal kronik di RS Royal Prima Medan didominasi oleh usia 51-59 thn (46.7%), berjenis kelamin laki laki sebanyak (58,3%), riwayat penyakit terbanyak hipertensi (49,2%), gaya hidup yang menjadi kebiasaan pasien terbanyak riwayat jarang minum air putih (63.7%), riwayat konsumsi minuman kemasan (61.7%), riwayat merokok (53,8%), ,riwayat konsumsi obat anti nyeri (45%). Pada hasil uji chi-square diperoleh p-value <0,05 yang berarti terdapat hubungan bermakna antara riwayat penyakit seperti hipertensi, diabetes, dan batu saluran kemih dengan penyakit gagal ginjal kronik. Diperoleh p-value <0,05 pada hasil uji chi-square gaya hidup riwayat konsumsi minuman kemasan, riwayat konsumsi obat anti nyeri, riwayat jarang minum air putih yang berarti terdapat hubungannya dengan penyakit gagal ginjal kronik, dan p-value >0,05 untuk gaya hidup merokok yang berarti tidak terdapat hubungannya secara statistik tetapi meningkatkan resiko terjadinya penyakit gagal ginjal kronik.
Dampak Kualitas Udara Dalam Ruangan Terhadap Kejadian ISPA di Kecamatan Medan Denai, Kota Medan Nasution, Sri Lestari Ramadhani; Girsang, Ermi; Butar-Butar, Erika Fatrecia Marsaulina; Hafizah, Nandani Zakia; Manalu, Putranto
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 24, No 3 (2025): Oktober 2025
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.70451

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Tingginya angka kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) di Kecamatan Medan Denai diduga kuat berkaitan dengan buruknya kualitas udara dalam ruangan, khususnya di kawasan padat penduduk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara berbagai parameter kualitas udara dalam ruangan dengan kejadian ISPA di wilayah tersebut.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel terdiri dari 300 responden dari rumah-rumah di area padat penduduk Kecamatan Medan Denai yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data mengenai parameter fisik dan kimia kualitas udara serta status ISPA dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran langsung, kuesioner, dan observasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: Ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara kejadian ISPA dengan suhu udara, kelembapan, laju ventilasi, kadar SO2, NO2, CO, dan paparan asap rokok (p<0,05). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa laju ventilasi yang buruk meningkatkan risiko ISPA sebesar 26,4 kali (RR=26,430), kelembapan yang tidak sesuai standar meningkatkan risiko 43,8 kali (RR=43,84), dan paparan asap rokok meningkatkan risiko 5,5 kali (RR=5,550). Sementara itu, tingkat pencahayaan, kadar timbal (Pb), formaldehida (HCHO), dan volatile organic compounds (VOC) tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan.Simpulan: Kualitas udara dalam ruangan yang tidak memenuhi standar, terutama laju ventilasi yang buruk, secara signifikan meningkatkan risiko kejadian ISPA di Kecamatan Medan Denai. Pemilik rumah direkomendasikan untuk secara aktif meningkatkan sirkulasi udara dengan cara membuka jendela dan pintu secara teratur untuk memastikan pertukaran udara yang memadai. Selain itu, penting untuk mengendalikan sumber polusi di dalam rumah, seperti tidak merokok di dalam ruangan, serta menjaga suhu dan kelembapan pada tingkat yang ideal untuk meminimalkan risiko penyakit pernapasan. Edukasi dan pemantauan berkala oleh pemerintah juga diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat. ABSTRACT Title: The Impact of Indoor Air Quality on the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) in Medan Denai Sub-district, Medan CityBackground: The high incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) in the Medan Denai Sub-district is strongly suspected to be associated with poor indoor air quality, particularly in densely populated areas. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between various indoor air quality parameters and the incidence of ARIs in the region.Method: This research employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample comprised 300 respondents from households in densely populated areas of Medan Denai Sub-district, selected using purposive sampling. Data on physical and chemical air quality parameters and ARI status were collected through direct measurements, questionnaires, and observations. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Result: A significant relationship was found between the incidence of ARIs and air temperature, humidity, ventilation rate, levels of SO₂, NO₂, CO, and exposure to tobacco smoke (p < 0.05). The results indicate that poor ventilation increases the risk of ARIs by 26.4 times (RR = 26.43), non-standard humidity increases the risk by 43.8 times (RR = 43.84), and exposure to tobacco smoke increases the risk by 5.5 times (RR = 5.55). Conversely, lighting levels, lead (Pb), formaldehyde (HCHO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) showed no significant association.Conclusion: Substandard indoor air quality, especially poor ventilation, significantly increases the risk of ARIs in Medan Denai Sub-district. Homeowners are advised to actively improve air circulation by regularly opening windows and doors to ensure adequate air exchange. Furthermore, controlling indoor pollution sources, such as refraining from smoking indoors, and maintaining optimal temperature and humidity levels are crucial to minimizing the risk of respiratory diseases. Public education and regular monitoring by government agencies are essential to raise awareness and promote healthier indoor environments.
Co-Authors ., Saprilliani AA Sudharmawan, AA Achmad Noerkhaerin Putra Adelia Adelia, Adelia Adrian Adrian Adrisya Lubis, Putri Anggie Afni Kartika, Ajeng Agatha, Callista Della Agung Abadi Kiswandono Ahmad Nasir Pulungan Akbarinda, Zsizsi Amanda, Silvia Rizki Anggita, Nindi Dwi Anggraini, Tri Lidya Anggraini, Wenti Anjasari, Melati Salsabila Arianti, Rahmi Aris, Anita Armansyah, Adek Aulia, Dinda Rahmah Bangun, Henny Arwina Binarwan Halim Boas, Richie Ray Barry Br Pelawi, Riri Sri Hagana BT Hasan, Riyani Susan Bu'ulolo, Christian Siuwandy Butar-Butar, Erika Fatrecia Marsaulina Cahya, Septian Dwi Candra Rukmana Dalimunthe Cenggono, Melise Chiuman, Linda Cisca, Anita Merry Damanik, Marco Frans Hernandes Daulay, Ayu Sasmita Dedek Sucahyo Devi Arista Djohan Djohan Dwi Siswanta Edlin, Edlin Edy Fachrial Elis Anggeria Elisabeth, Mariska Elizabeth, Riana Elvira, Cut Eprina Intami Farrasizdihar, Diaz Febrianty, Novita Dwi Fioni, Fioni Geeta, Ginting, Chrismis Novalinda Ginting, Crismis Novalinda Ginting, Gabby Gabriela Ginting, Sopianita Healthy Gultom, Yosephine Octaviana Gusnawati, Gusnawati Hadiprasetyo, Dhanar Septyawan Hafizah, Nandani Zakia Halima, Piyanto Hamdi, Sintiya HAMSI, QURATUL AINI Handayani, Rr. Anisa Siwianti Harahap, S. Shelly Hazlina Harahap, Vinnie Hazriah Harjanti, Mathelda Weni Hartantio, Agnes Haryanti, Mathelda Weni Hasan Basri Nasution, Muhammad Hermansyah Aziz Hilal, Zaimah HILMAN TADJOEDIN, HILMAN Hutagalung, Caroline Febrina Idariani, Idariani Irwan, Mulia irza Haicha Pratama Isabela Silalahi, Marlinang Johannes Bastira Ginting Juanda, Lidya Sari Juniva Laila Sihombing, Juniva Laila Kaban, Lyta Imanti Kalimah, Kalimah Kesuma, Farah Shyfa Khoironissa, Analita Kosasih, Putri Peggy Yanti Kusumaningrum, Tri Siwi Leli Khairani Lestari Ramadhani Nasution, Sri Lie, Sukirman Liena, Liena Liester, I Nyoman Ehrich Lister, I Nyoman Ehrich Lister, I Nyoman Ehrich Lister, Nyoman Ehrich Lubis, Nurul Sri Finna Maler, Tangge Mare A, Fauzan Margareta Pratiwi Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo, Marisca Evalina Maulidin, Muhammad Mawarni, Evi Mendrofa, Trisman Basri Mendrofa, Tuho Konsultasi Michael Michael Milka Rositi Sianipar Minati, Tengku Nanda Edwina Mukti, Ade Indra Mutia, Maya Sari Naibaho, Iren Theresia Melati Br Napiah Nasution, Ali Napiah, Ali Nardi, Leo Nasuition, Ali Napiah Nasution, Ali Napiah Nasution, Muhammad Andriady Saidi Nasution, Sri Lestari Natali, Oliviti Natalia Desvalentina Lase NELDA, FITRI Nindya, Faradhina Salfa Noviana, Amelia Nst, Sri Wahyuni Nurul Hidayat Aprilita Oktaviani, Emma Parapat, Winny G I Poernomo, Dwi Hery Putranto Manalu Putri, Dara Maulidya Putri, Nadya Nazimuddin Putri, Riri Virzan RAHMAT, DENI Rahmiana Zein Raif, M. Rahmad Ramadhani, Sri Lestari Rapael Ginting Rehulina Br Purba, Farida Resmi Pangaribuan Rosar, Naufal Roza Erda Rushe, Rhesiwenny Saharman Gea Salovetian, Marcelino Samosir, Frans Judea Santy Deasy Siregar Sari Mutia, Maya Sari, Diah Sekar Saufa, Zahra Qisthi Sembiring , Intan Permata Sari br. Sembiring , Jessyca Silaen, Mangatas Simanjorang, Delpini Siregar, Lidya Siregar, Lusyana Siregar, Novalina Sitanggang, Rido Aliberto Sitompul, Fernades Sri Juari Santosa Sri Lestari Ramadhani Nasution Stephan, Weldy Subang Aini Nasution Subrata, Mariany Puspita Suhartina Suhartina Suhartina, Suhartina Sumiati Sumiati Suryana, Kresna Dharma Suyono, Tan Suyono, Tan Takasenserang, Oktaviana Takashi Hayashita Tambunan, Gempita Cahaya Aulia Tambunan, Ridhona Tarigan, Almina Rospitaria Tarigan, Gracia Hosanna Evelyn Teresa Liliana Wargasetia Triharsiwi, Dwi Nur Tua, Vridian Mangara Turnip, Modesto Lam Ulido Putra Vonikartika, Arie - WAHYU WIDOWATI Wahyuni Br Nababan, Agata Wau, Herberd Wibowo, Satrio Haryo Benowo Widodo, Wahyu Setia Widya Yanti Sihotang Wienaldi, Wienaldi Wijaya, Cindy Eka Yolanda Eliza Putri Lubis Yulidar Yulidar Yusuf, Lydia Zahiroh, Fadhilah Haifa Zebua, Sawato Zelvia, Sindy Zulkarnain Chaidir