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All Journal PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Jurnal Daulat Hukum DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum JCES (Journal of Character Education Society) Jurnal Ius Constituendum JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TAMBUSAI Yurispruden: Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Malang Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Yuridis Jurnal Surya Kencana Satu : Dinamika Masalah Hukum dan Keadilan Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (JRPP) Jurnal Justitia : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Humaniora Notaire ADIL : Jurnal Hukum KRTHA BHAYANGKARA JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Jurnal Esensi Hukum Jurnal Bakti Masyarakat Indonesia Borobudur Law Review Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal) Law Development Journal International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC) Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Madani: Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal MULTIPLE: Journal of Global and Multidisciplinary Causa: Jurnal Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI) Rechtsvinding Aksi Kita: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Fajar: Media Komunikasi dan Informasi Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum
Rizkianti, Wardani
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
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The Boundaries of the Force Majeure Defense in Civil Disputes: A Study of Decision Number 162/PDT/2021/PT DPS Mutiara, I Made Cinta; Akbar, Ferdi Raditya; Aini, Hanifah Qurrotu; Andriyanto, Fransisca Dealova; Gladys, Juniartha; Azhar, Muhamad Davindra; Alfarel, Muhammad Arkan; Azmina, Fayza; Rizkianti, Wardani
Rechtsvinding Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Civiliza Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59525/rechtsvinding.v3i2.1165

Abstract

A contract forms the legal relationship between parties that creates binding rights and obligations as regulated in Article 1338 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPer). However, the performance of a contract may be hindered by events beyond human can control, known as force majeure. Under Articles 1244 and 1245 of the Civil Code, a party who fails to fulfill its obligations due to force majeure may be released from liability for damages. This study aims to analyze the limits of force majeure as a legal defense in civil disputes through a case study of Decision Number 162/PDT/2021/PT DPS between PT Royal Pacific Nusantara and PT Lorenz Marble. The research employs a normative legal method with statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, using primary legal materials such as the Civil Code and court decisions, as well as secondary materials including legal books and scholarly journals related to force majeure. The results indicate that the court recognized the Covid-19 pandemic as a relative force majeure, which temporarily hinders the performance of contractual obligations but does not permanently extinguish them. The judges found that the defendant was not negligent, as they demonstrated good faith and efforts to fulfill obligations despite global disruptions. Thus, the boundaries of force majeure as a defense are determined by the causal relationship between extraordinary events and the inability to perform, along with the good faith of the party invoking the defense.
Construction of Sea Barriers in Tangerang Based on Agrarian Law Perspectives and Implementation Issues Muhammad Arasy Al Haq; Wardani Rizkianti
KRTHA BHAYANGKARA Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): KRTHA BHAYANGKARA: DECEMBER 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31599/krtha.v19i3.4581

Abstract

The issuance of hundreds of Building Use Rights certificates in the Tangerang sea area raises fundamental questions about the application of agrarian law in coastal areas, which should be public domain. This study analyze agrarian law aspects implementing problems sea wall construction in Tangerang, particularly regarding the legality of issuing HGB certificates in the sea area and their impact on the rights of coastal communities. The research method used is normative juridical. The results show that the issuance of 263 SHGB and 17 SHM in the sea area is contrary to UUPA Number 5 of 1960 because the sea area is not an object of land rights, thus containing juridical defects in terms of authority, procedure, and substance. The construction of the sea fence has violated the constitutional rights of coastal communities to work, a healthy environment, and fair legal certainty, causing significant economic losses in the form of increased operational costs for fishermen and the loss of traditional access to the sea. The problems in implementation reflect a failure of coordination between government agencies, a lack of synchronization of authority between the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN), the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), and the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) after the Job Creation Law, as well as construction without the mandatory Marine Spatial Utilization Conformity, which can be categorized as an unlawful act that violates the principle of state control for the prosperity of the people
THE LEGAL STANDING OF A LEASING AGREEMENT INVOLVING AN OBJECT ORIGINATING FROM A LEASE AGREEMENT Vernandito Sudharta Raftua Tampubolon; Wardani Rizkianti
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v5i5.3298

Abstract

The legal standing of leasing agreements involving objects derived from lease agreements continues to pose challenges in Indonesian legal practice, particularly when the party initiating the leasing agreement in Indonesian legal practice, particularly when the party initiating the leasing agreement is not the lawful owner of the object. This situation creates ambiguity regrading the legal status of the agreement and has the potential to harm good faith parties. This study adressees the issue of the legal position of leasing agreements involving objects not lawfully owned an lessor, moreover, the legal protection available to the lessee in such circumstances. The study is normative juridical study utilizing a qualitative analysis approach. Results of research indicate that leasing agreements involving objects not legally owned by the lessor are at conflict also principle ownership in civil law an may be subject to annulment. Legal protection for the leese can be granted through recognition as a good faith party, provided that it can be proven the leese was unaware of any defect in the owneship of the leased object. Outcomes of research is revealed needed strengthen regulations and apply the principle of due diligence in the execution of leasing agreements, particularly in verifying ownership of the leased object prior to the agreement being made.
ANALYSIS OF DAMAGES IN UNLAWFUL ACTS LAWSUITS: STUDY OF DECISION NO. 23/Pdt.G. S/2022/PN Mnd Sri Stevani Arumi; Wardani Rizkianti
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v5i5.3299

Abstract

This study analyzes the legal implications of business actors' administrative negligence in delivering vehicle registration documents (STNK), based on Decision No. 23/Pdt.GS/2022/PN Mnd. The delay caused both material and immaterial losses to the consumer, including financial burden and reputational damage. Using a normative juridical method with case and statute approaches, the study examines the applicability of Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code and the Consumer Protection Law. The findings reveal a normative gap in determining immaterial compensation within small claim court mechanisms, where the judge partially granted the claim (IDR 20 million from the IDR 50 million demanded) without clear legal reasoning or proportional assessment. This suggests an absence of standardized legal parameters to measure non-material harm in consumer disputes. The study advocates for the establishment of normative guidelines and jurisprudence to assess immaterial damages fairly in simplified civil procedures. The research contributes to legal scholarship by offering a structured critique of compensation reasoning in civil litigation, highlighting the need for clearer standards in the enforcement of consumer protection.
IMPLEMENTASI PENYELESAIAN KREDIT JAMINAN FIDUSIA MELALUI PENJUALAN DIBAWAH TANGAN Ghefira Nur Fatimah; Wardani Rizkianti
Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 13 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/KS.2025.v13.i11.p07

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi penyelesaian kredit jaminan fidusia melalui mekanisme penjualan dibawah tangan sebagai upaya penanganan kredit bermasalah di PT Pegadaian Syariah Cabang Kramat Raya. Jaminan fidusia sebagai lembaga yang fleksibel meskipun eksekusinya sering menghadapi kendala saat debitur wanprestasi. Permasalahan utama berfokus pada implementasi prosedur penjualan dibawah tangan dan juga hambatan yang dihadapi Pegadaian dalam pelaksanaannya. Adapun metode yang diadopsi berupa Hukum Normatif (Yuridis Normatif) dengan pendekatan perundangan maupun kasus, yang mana dibuktikan dengan data kualitatif dari wawancara dengan salah satu staff Pegadaian Syariah Cabang Kramat Raya. berdasarkan wawancara tersebut menunjukkan bahwasanya Pegadaian memprioritaskan penjualan dibawah tangan karena efisiensi dan potensi memaksimalkan harga jual, dengan syarat mutlak adanya persetujuan tertulis dari debitur. Namun proses ini terhambat oleh sikap non-kooperatif debitur. Apabila gagal, Pegadaian beralih ke jalur eksekusi lelang yang dijamin oleh Sertifikat Jaminan Fidusia yang berkekuatan hukum. Saran yang dapat diberikan yakni diperlukan penguatan sistem komunikasi dan administrasi pemberitahuan (somasi) untuk meminimalisir risiko gugatan hukum dari debitur atas dasar cacat prosedur. This study examines the implementation of fiduciary collateral credit settlement through an underhand sale mechanism as an effort to handle problem loans at PT Pegadaian Syariah, Kramat Raya Branch. Fiduciary collateral is a flexible institution, although its execution often faces obstacles when the debtor defaults. The main problem focuses on the implementation of the underhand sale procedure and also the obstacles faced by Pegadaian in its implementation. The research method used is Normative Law (Normative Jurisprudence) with a Legislative approach and a case approach, supported by qualitative data from interviews with one of the staff of Pegadaian Syariah, Kramat Raya Branch. Based on the interview, it shows that Pegadaian prioritizes underhand sales due to efficiency and the potential to maximize the selling price, with the absolute requirement of written approval from the debtor. However, this process is hampered by the debtor's non-cooperative attitude. If it fails, Pegadaian switches to an auction execution route guaranteed by a legally binding Fiduciary Guarantee Certificate. Suggestions that can be given are the need to strengthen the communication system and notification administration (summons) to minimize the risk of lawsuits from debtors based on procedural defects.
Analisis Kasus Overmacht dan Pemutusan Kontrak Sepihak: Studi Putusan Nomor 672k/Pdt/2020 antara CV. Berlian Mas dan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Trenggalek Salwa, Rachel Amanda; Chandra, Restia Delya Ayu; Ilzan, Safa Aqila; Athareza, Sultan; Sentosa, Ummu Hani; Rizkianti, Wardani
Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol 3, No 11 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17905865

Abstract

The dispute between CV. Berlian Mas and the Regional Government of Trenggalek Regency, as reflected in Supreme Court Decision No. 672 K/Pdt/2020, stemmed from delays in the Plapar Bridge construction project, which the contractor attributed to flooding as a form of force majeure (overmacht). Although the contractor requested an extension of time, the regional government unilaterally terminated the contract without complying with the notification procedures required under the contract and procurement regulations. An assessment of Articles 1244–1245 of the Indonesian Civil Code shows that the flood did not objectively qualify as force majeure due to insufficient formal evidence and inadequate mitigation. The Supreme Court ruled that the termination constituted a breach of contract (wanprestasi), not a tort. This decision highlights the importance of strict proof of force majeure, adherence to the principle of pacta sunt servanda, and procedural compliance within government procurement contracts.
Implementation of Electronic Stamp Duty (E-Stamp) in Online Business Transactions: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Blok M Area Rachma, Aqila Aulia; Rizkianti, Wardani
International Journal of Science and Society Vol 7 No 4 (2025): International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC)
Publisher : GoAcademica Research & Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54783/ijsoc.v7i4.1584

Abstract

The digitalization of online business transactions has prompted the government to introduce e-stamps as an instrument for legalizing electronic documents. However, its implementation still faces challenges, such as technical constraints, system instability, a lack of user guidelines, and low digital literacy among MSMEs and the public. This study aims to analyze the validity and effectiveness of e-stamps in online business transactions, particularly for MSMEs in the Blok M area, and to identify barriers to their implementation from a civil law and cyber law perspective. The method used is empirical juridical research with a sociological approach to law, legislation, and case studies. Primary data was obtained through interviews with MSMEs, notaries, DJP/Peruri officials, judges, and users; while secondary data came from laws and regulations and legal literature. The results show that, normatively, e-stamps are valid and have equal legal standing to physical stamps. However, their effectiveness is suboptimal due to technical constraints, limited infrastructure, and the unequal adoption of digital legal culture. Furthermore, there is no jurisprudence that specifically defines the position of e-stamps in civil cases. This study concludes that there is a need to strengthen outreach, improve infrastructure, develop uniform technical guidelines, and integrate e-stamps with digital platforms to support legal certainty and efficiency in online transactions.
Analysis of Legal Protection For Household Workers Without Employment Contracts Farandy, Farrel; Rizkianti, Wardani
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 5 No. 12 (2025): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v5i12.52551

Abstract

This study analyzes the urgency of legal protection for Domestic Workers (PRT) in Indonesia. The background is the significant increase in the number of domestic workers from 2015 to 2022. Despite their vital role, they are still vulnerable to violence and exploitation due to the lack of formal recognition and employment contracts. The main problem stems from the exclusion of domestic workers from the Manpower Law No. 13 of 2003 and the stalled ratification of the PPRT Bill since 2004. Using a normative juridical legal analysis method, this study concludes that the ratification of the PPRT Bill is a top priority to provide a legal basis, rights standards, and effective enforcement mechanisms for domestic workers' protection. It is also recommended that a comprehensive and transparent employment contract be formulated, supported by preventive and repressive efforts through public education, increased legal awareness, and strict supervision by the government and community participation, in order to realize justice and the welfare of domestic workers in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Abyan, Nabil Luthfi Afifa, Erina Nur Aini, Hanifah Qurrotu Akbar, Ferdi Raditya Akmal Zaki Alfarel, Muhammad Arkan Alma, Hanifah Alya Rahmawati Ameeralia, Nafisa Verlee Andira, Ilham Andriyanto, Fransisca Dealova Angelina, Ranti Anisah Aprilia Anjani , Indira Emilia Annisa Bella Saffanah Anshari, Muhammad Faqih Al Ardiansyah, Aldizar Fikri Arifia, Cikal Ariq Fazari Arvrian, Addyne Aulyfah Athareza, Sultan Azhar, Muhamad Davindra Azmina, Fayza Azz Zahra, Devyta Ardiyaning Azzahra, Natasya Fhadyah Baehaqi Calista Azarine Larissa Callista Anastasia Shallom Poerba Chairunnisa Salsabila Putri Chandra, Restia Delya Ayu Chatrine, Chatrine Chris Matthew Tobing Christian Immanuel Situmorang Cut Aldila Dalimunthe, Siti Nurul Intan Sari Damareka, Muhammad Darrell Daniel Darmawan, Abqary Faraz Darsono, Leandra Aurelrio Putra Debora, Agnes Deswert, Daniel Justin Jeconia Desy Natalia Erina Nur Afifa Fadillah, Rendra Hanam Fahrozi, Muhammad Helmi Fakhri Asshidiqy Farandy, Farrel Firdaus, Muhammad Bintang Fitriyani, Auliya Nur Frans Samuel Junero Butarbutar Ghefira Nur Fatimah Gladys, Juniartha Gregorius Aryo Bimo Parerung Hadi, Rival Mahesa Fauzan Haryadi, Raina Ardelia Heru Sugiyono Hutabarat, Sylvana Deborah Murni Hutabarat, Sylvana Murni Deborah Hutabarat, Sylvana Murni Murni Debora Hutahayan, Samuel Alberto Ilham Raihan Permana Ilzan, Safa Aqila Imagrace Triamorita Tampubolon Indah Kusuma Wardani Intan, Siti Nurul Irzaqie, Rafli Achmad Kaban, Divany Harbina Emzilena Kadafi, Alifio Khadafi Alibya Hamka Koesnaedy, Shabiya Zahra Alifa Lagut, Veronica Sekar Wela Latri, Akhdan Adityo Laurentina Manalu Lutfi, Khoirur Rizal Malinda, Maltha Mauladiana Qibtiya Melisa Nurjaya Muhammad Abdul Aziz Hasibuan Muhammad Afif Muhammad Arasy Al Haq Muthia Sakti Mutiara, I Made Cinta Nabila, Shira Bier Nasution, Najwa Haniyah Novia Shinta Bella Nugroho Dewo Dharmawan Nugroho, Andriyanti Adhi Palureng, Dio Ramadhan Pattiasina, Rizky Johan Pitaloka, Putri Galuh Prabangkara, Ghani PramestiPramesti, Febrina Dwi Putri Kinanti Putri Rahmawati Putri, Keisha Rafilah Putri, Keshia Annisa Putro, Alberto Muhammad Gusti Rachma, Aqila Aulia Rafhael Roberto Silitonga Rafi Rangga Saputra Rafirio Putra Rahman, Tiara Ananda Ramadhan, Farhan Daffa Ramadhani, Dwi Aryanti Ramadhani, Sinta Ramdhani, Nadia Marsya Rani Bilkis Raniah Safira Azzahra Raudhan Nayyaka Syukrillah Rizkian, Masagus Hexal Rotty, Marchelino Rafael Bintang Rusdiananto, Gavra Fiko Salwa, Rachel Amanda Sambarana, Ilyasa Laits Santika, Syahirah Rafah Sapitri, Irena Sede, Alfa Immanuel Sentosa, Ummu Hani Shalsabilla, Dhillika Shary, Mutya Lubna Silaban, Christian Joseph Sinaga, Irene Cahyani Sitanggang, Daniella Siti Nurul Intan Sari Dalimunthe Siti Nurul Intan Sari Dalimunthe Sri Stevani Arumi Suharno, Rayhan Algiffari Sulaeman, Muhammad Dzikri SULASTRI Sumadibrata, Moira Shafeeya Suprima Syaihputra, Brian Maulana Muhammad Syakirah, Davina Syakuran, Khaidar Abdan Sylvana Murni Deborah Hutabarat Sylvana Murni Deborah Hutabarat Tamara Dwi Rizki Amanda Thalia Salma Putri Kamilah Ulfatun, Aiska Nur Vernandito Sudharta Raftua Tampubolon Yuliandra, Stefie Zain, Muhammad Abyan Zein, Muhammad Alif Raihan