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Metformin Enhances Anti-proliferative Effect of Cisplatin in Cervical Cancer Cell Line Yudhani, Ratih D.; Pesik, Riza N.; Indarto, Dono
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 5, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

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Abstract

Cervival cancer is one of the top rank of gynecological malignancy in the world, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent that is generally used to treat cervical cancer but the use of this drug is limited because of serious side effects. Metformin, a diabetic drug, decreases not only blood glucose levels but also cell viability of some cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of combination metformin and cisplatin in HeLa cells (cervical cancer cell line). Anti-proliferative effect of these combined drugs was analized using MTT assay, combination index assay and HeLa cell morphology. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) of cisplatin and metformin was determined before performing combination index assay. Administration of 10 mM metformin showed inhibition of HeLa cell proliferation and it reached 50% inhibition of cell proliferation at 60 mM. Whilst, cisplatin showed a stronger anti-proliferative effect with initial inhibition dose at 12 μM and IC50 dose at 44 μM. Combination of 30 mM metformin and 5 μM cisplatin indicated the strongest anti-proliferative effect on HeLa cell. In conclusion, metformin may become a promising drug for treatment of cervical cancer in future which enhances anti-proliferative effect of cisplatin.Key words: Anti-proliferative effect, combination index, cervical cancer, cisplatin, metformin Peningkatan Efek Anti-poliferatif Cisplatin oleh Metformin pada Cell Line Kanker Serviks Kanker serviks merupakan salah satu keganasan ginekologi tertinggi di dunia, dengan tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Cisplatin merupakan obat kemoterapi yang umum digunakan untuk terapi kanker serviks, namun penggunaannya relatif terbatas karena menyebabkan beberapa efek samping yang serius. Metformin merupakan obat anti diabetik yang mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan juga mampu menurunkan viabilitas beberapa jenis sel kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek anti-proliferasi kombinasi metformin dan cisplatin pada sel HeLa (cell line kanker serviks). Efek anti-proliferasi kombinasi kedua senyawa tersebut dianalisis melalui MTT assay, combination index assay dan morfologi sel HeLa. Nilai inhibitory concentration (IC50) metformin dan cisplatin pada sel HeLa ditentukan lebih dahulu sebelum melakukan combination index assay. Pemberian metformin 10 mM mulai menunjukkan penghambatan proliferasi sel HeLa dan penghambatan proliferasi sel mencapai 50% pada dosis 60 mM. Cisplatin menunjukkan efek anti-proliferasi yang lebih kuat dengan dosis awal penghambatan sebesar 12 μM dan IC50 sebesar 44 μM. Kombinasi antara metformin 30 mM dan cisplatin 5 μM memperlihatkan efek anti-proliferatif terkuat pada sel HeLa. Sebagai kesimpulan, metformin kemungkinan menjadi obat yang menjanjikan untuk terapi kanker serviks di masa mendatang dengan cara meningkatkan efek anti-proliferasi cisplatin.Kata kunci: Cisplatin, combination index, efek anti-proliferatif, kanker serviks, metformin
HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI LEBIH DAN LAMA MENSTRUASI DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA SISWI SMA DI KABUPATEN BOYOLALI Sandy, Yatty Destani; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Indarto, Dono
Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan Vol 2, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Gizi Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret

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Abstract

Abstrak Latar Belakang: Anemia pada remaja merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global. Anemia dapat disebabkan oleh rendahnya asupan besi, status gizi lebih, usia menarche dini dan kehilangan darah. Siswi dengan status gizi lebih dapat mengalami anemia karena akumulasi lemak dalam jaringan adiposa yang dapat meningkatkan produksi sitokin proinflamasi. Peningkatan kadar sitokin tersebut menyebabkan kadar hepsidin meningkat sehingga menurunkan absorbsi besi. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan status gizi lebih, usia menarche dan lama menstruasi dengan kejadian anemia pada siswi SMA di Kabupaten Boyolali. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Teknik sampling menggunakan Multi Stage Sampling untuk menentukan subjek penelitian pada siswi kelas X. Pengumpulan data usia menarche dan lama menstruasi menggunakan kuisioner, status gizi diukur dengan antopometri, pengukuran kadar Hemoglobin menggunakan metode cyanmethemoglobin. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik chi square dan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil: Sebanyak 53,3% siswi mengalami anemia. Obesitas ditemukan sebesar 87,8% pada siswi dengan status gizi lebih. Siswi yang memiliki status gizi lebih berisiko secara signifikan sebesar 6,273 kali untuk mengalami anemia (p = 0,013). Semakin lama seorang siswi mengalami haid akan berisiko 4,848 kali untuk mengalami anemia (p = 0,003). Simpulan: Status gizi lebih dan lama menstruasi secara bersama sama berhubungan positif dengan kejadian anemia. Siswi diharapkan dapat mengontrol berat badan dan menghindari makanan yang dapat mengganggu penyerapan zat besi, perlu penyediaan suplementasi zat besi disekolah. Kata Kunci: Status gizi Lebih, Usia Menarche, Lama Menstruasi, Anemia.
Risk of Hypertension in Adolescents with Over Nutritional Status in Pangkalpinang, Indonesia Yusrizal, Mirza; Indarto, Dono; Akhyar, Muhammad
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 1, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Adolescents are the changes of children to be adults. Gender, family history of disease, age, sodium intake and physical activity affect the pravelence of hypertensionAdolescences are the time change from children into adults. Gender, family history of disease, body mass index or BMI according to age, sodium intake and physical activity affect the prevalence of hypertension in adulthood.  Hypertension disorders in teenagers most will settle on adulthood. This study aimed to analyze risk factors of hypertension in adolescent aged 15-17 years with over nutritional status.Subject and Methods: This was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. This was conducted in Pangkalpinang, Bangka Belitung Indonesia. A total of 120 students in grade X-XI in four high schools were selected by fixed-exposure sampling. BMI measurement used antropometri. Physical activity questionnaire used International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sodium intake was measured with a food frequency questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured by using a sphygmomanometer. Data analysis was using a multiple linear regression.Results:  Gender and nutritional status more positively associated with hypertension, (B = 5.77; p = 0.017) and (B = 4.85; p = 0.001), while sodium intake,  family disease history and physical activity have a negative relationship, (B = 0.01; p = < 0.076),  (B =-1.73; p = 0.481) and (B = >-0.01; p = 0.592). Multiple linear analysis obtained adjusted R2 = 0356 (35.6%).Conclusions: Young men have a higher average blood pressure than women of 5.77 mmHg. Any increase of 1 kg/m2 equivalent BMI will raise the blood pressure of 4.85 mmHg. Adolescents with more nutritional status can increase knowledge about hypertension, as well as regulate eating habits according to needs of physical growth and development.Keywords: hypertension, adolescent, gender, family history of disease, BMI, sodium intake, physical activity.Correspondence: Mirza Yusrizal. Health Department of Pangkalpinang, Bangka Belitung, Indonesia. Email: mirzayusrizal@yahoo.co.idJournal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(1): 27-36https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.01.04 
Maternal Employment Status, Ethnicity, Food Intake, and Their Effects on Teenage Obesity, in Surakarta Susanti, Rahmah Purwaningsih Febri; Murti, Bhisma; Indarto, Dono
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Obesity is one of the main causesof premature death in adulthood. The prevalence of teenage obesity in Indonesia hasbeen increasing from 1.4% in 2007 to 7.3%. It is hypothesized that the risk of obesity is influenced by lifestyle and socio-economic status. This study aimed to determine the effect of maternal job status, ethnicity, and food intake, on the risk of obesity in teenagers.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational using case-control design. This study was conducted in Surakarta, in September – November 2016. A total of 120 teenagers were selected for the study, consisting of 41obese teenagers aged 16-18 years old and 79 normal weight teenagers, using fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was obesity. The independent variables were maternal employment status, ethnicity, carbohydrate intake, fat intake, and energy intake. The data were collected using a set of questionnaires. Food intake was measured by 24 hour food recall. The data were analyzed using path analysis model.Results: Energy intake had positive, significant, and direct effect on the risk of teenage obesity (b = 6.75; 95%CI = 4.36 to 9.14; p = <0.001). Working mother indirectly had positive and significant effect on teenage obesity, via fat intake (b=0.77; 95% CI = 0.03 to 1.52; p=0.040). Fat intake indirectly had positive and significant effect on teenage obesity, via energy intake (b=4.16; 95%CI=1.95 to 6.38; p=0.001). Likewise, carbohydrateintake had positive and significant effect on teenage obesity, via energy intake(b = 3.31; 95% CI= 1.73 to 4.88; p = 0.001). Ethnicity (Chinese versus Javanese) did not have significant effect on teenage obesity (b =-1.14; 95% CI =-3.56 to 1.28; p = 0.355).Conclusion: Energy intake has direct effect on the risk of teenage obesity. Fat intake, carbohydrate intake, and maternal employment status, have indirect effect on the risk of teenage obesity.Keywords: maternal employment status, ethnicity,food intake, obesity, teenager.Correspondence: Rahmah Purwaningsih Febri Susanti. Master Program in Public Health Sebelas Maret University. Email: rahmahpfs77@gmail.comJournal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(2): 75-85https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.02.01
Bio-psychosocial Determinants of Quality of Life in the Elderly Prasetyaningsih, Roh Hastuti; Indarto, Dono; Akhyar, Muhammad
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: The quality of life of elderly people has become relevant with the demographic shift that has resulted in greying of population. In Indonesia the number of old people has been increasing rapidly. Despite longer life span, this situation poses quality of life concern. It is then of interest to study determinants of quality of life in the elderly, so that necessary measures can be taken to improve the quality of life in the elderly. This study aimed to examined bio-psichosocial factors associated with the quality of life in the elderly.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using case control design. This study was conducted in Laweyan and Banjarsari, Surakarta. A total of 141 elderly consisting of 47 elderly who lived in the nursing home and 94 elderly who lived at their own home, were selected for this study, by fixed exposure sampling. The independent variables were age, education, income, family support, residential status, and depression. The dependent variables was quality of life. The data were collected with a set of questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis model.Results: As many as 40.4% of the elderly studied had good quality of life. Higher income (b = 0.93; 95%CI = 0.06 to 1.86; p = 0.048) and education (b=0.82; 95%CI= -0.01 to 1.66; p= 0.053) is associated with better quality of life. Depression (b =-1.01; 95%CI =-1.78 to -0.23; p = 0.010) and age ≥ 60 years old (b=-0.47; 95% CI= -1.28 to 0.33; p= 0.249). Living at own home decreased depression, higher education increased income, family support increased living at home.Conclusion: Income and education increase the quality of life. Depression and older age decrease the quality of life.Key words: bio-psychosocial, quality of life, elderlyCorrespondence: Roh hastuti Prasetyaningsih. Health Polytechnics, Poltekkes Surakarta, Central JavaJournal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(2): 108-117https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.02.04
Path Analysis on the Effects of Bio-psychosocial Factors and Calorie Intake in Blood Glucose Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus -, Isfaizah; Murti, Bhisma; Indarto, Dono
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic disease with its tendency to deteriorate. The DM cases worldwide in 2015 was 415 million people and it is estimated to increase as many as 642 million cases in 2040. Indonesia ranked 7 in the world with 10 million cases of DM in 2015, about 90% of which were Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This study aimed to determine the effect of biopsychosocial factors and calorie intake on the blood glucose control in patients with Type 2 DM.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with case control design. This study was carried out at Internal Medicine Polyclinic, Department of Endocrinology, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from October to November 2016. A total sample of 135 cases of Type 2 DM were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. As many as 106 of these study subjects at  HbA1c ≥6.5% and 29 cases of Type 2 DM had HbA1c <6.5%. The dependent variable was HbA1c level. The independent variables were educational level, family income, psychological stress, calorie intake, and Body Mass Index (BMI). The data were collected by a set of questionnaire. HbA1c was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which was recorded in the medical record. Calorie intake was measured by 24 hour food recall. Psychological stress was measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The data was analyzed by path analysis on STATA 13.Results: Psychological stress (b=0.99, 95%CI=0.07 to 1.92, p=0.034), calorie intake (b= 1.84, 95%CI= -0.24 to 3.92, p=0.083), and BMI (b= 1.15, 95%CI= 0.22 to 2.08, p=0.016), had positive and statistically significant effect on HbA1c. Calorie intake increased BMI (b= 2.35, 95%CI=0.31 to 4.39, p=0.024), education decreased calorie intake (b=-2.26, 95%CI= -3.38 to -1.14, p<0.001), and family income increased calorie intake (b= 1.23, 95%CI= 0.26 to 2.21, p= 0.013).Conclusion: Calorie intake, BMI, psychologi stress, and family income are associated with increase in HbA1c level. Education decreases HbA1c level via decreased calorie intake. Type 2 DM patients need to pay attention to these biopsychosocial factors and calorie intake in order to control blood sugar.Keywords: biopsychosocial factors, calorie intake, HbA1cCorrespondence: Isfaizah. Ngudi WaluyoUniversity, Ungaran, Central Java. Email: is.faizah84@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6281228570003.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2016), 1(2): 90-99https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2016.01.02.02
Factors Affecting the Quality of Diagnosis Coding and Medical Record at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta Maryati, Warsi; Murti, Bhisma; Indarto, Dono
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Diagnosis coding is atool for identifying and grouping diseases, disorders, symp­toms, and other disease-related outcomes, such as poisoning, adverse effect of drugs and chemicals, injury. Diagnosis code can be used in policy making and costing medical care. Doctors, nurses, coding personnel, and medical record quality, may affect the quality of diagnosis coding. This study aimed to investigate factors that affects the quality of diagnosis coding at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational using cross sectional design. This study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. A total of 250 inpatient medical record document at Dr. Moewardi Hospital were selected for the study bystratified random sampling.The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM).Results:Sub-specialistic doctor (b = 1.13; 95%CI = 0.06 to 0.33; p = 0.039),civil servant doctor(b = 0.84; 95%CI = 0.06 to 1.62; p =0.034),nurse working ≥ 5 years (b = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.13 to 2.42; p<0.001), significantly increased the quality of medical record. Coding personnel aged ≥40 years (b= 1.70; 95%CI = 0.64 to 2.77; p = 0.002), coding personnelworking ≥5 years (b = 1.70; 95%CI= 0.98 to 2.42; p 0.001), and coding personnel has ≥ 5 times training(b = 2.62; 95% CI = 1.40 to 3.83; p <0.001), significantly increased the quality of diagnosis coding.Conclusion: Sub-specialistic doctor, civil servant doctor, nurse working ≥5 years, significantly increased the quality of medical record. Coding personnel aged ≥40 years, coding personnel working ≥5 years, and coding personnel has ≥ 5 times training, significantly increased the quality of diagnosis coding.Keywords: Quality of diagnosis coding, quality of medical record, doctor, nurse, coding personnel.Correspondence: Warsi Maryati. School of Medical Records and Health, APIKES Citra Medika, Surakarta. Email: warsi_maryati@yahoo.comJournal of Health Policy and Management (2016), 1(2): 61-70https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2016.01.02.01 
Effects of Predisposing, Enabling, and Reinforcing Factors on the Uptake of Voluntary Counselling and Testing among Female Sex Workers in Grobogan, Central Java Perdana, Muhammad Vidi; Demartoto, Argyo; Indarto, Dono
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 2, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a global public health issue. Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting (GARP) reported that in 2015, about 36.7 million people worldwide suffered from HIV-AIDS in all age groups. The highest number of HIV/AIDS cases occured in East Africa and South Africa. This study aimed to examine the effects of predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors on the uptake of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) among female  sex workers in Grobogan, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with cross-sectional design. It was conducted in Grobogan, Central Java, in July 2017. A sample of 142 female sex workers  were selected for this study by exhaustive sampling. The dependent variable was uptake of VCT. The independent variables were attitude, perceived benefit, external motivation from others, and social support. The data were collected by a questionnaire and analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Results: Positive attitude towards HIV status (OR= 6.09; 95% CI= 0.968 to 38.38; p= 0.054), positive perceived benefit (OR= 10.58; 95% CI= 1.48 to 76.93; p= 0.019), external motivation (OR= 8.30; 95% CI= 1.21 to 56.82; p= 0.031), and social support (OR= 9.45; 95% CI= 1.46 to 60.83; p= 0.018), positively affected uptake of  VCT.Conclusion: Positive attitude towards HIV status, positive perceived benefit, external motivation, and social support, positively affect uptake of  VCT.Keywords: HIV, Voluntary Counselling Testing, female sex workersCorrespondence: Muhammad Vidi Perdana. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: vidihse@gmail.com. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(3): 242-256https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.03.05
Community Participation In Sanitation Kampung Program, Surakarta Putri, Anak Agung Alit Kirti Estuti Narendra; Joebagio, Hermanu; Indarto, Dono
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 2, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Indonesia ranks third in the world in the number of people with limited access to sanitation. Surakarta municipality government in collaboration with local drinking water supplier (PDAM) operate Indonesian Urban Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (IUWASH) to overcome sanitation problems in the form of Sanitation Kampung Program in Semanggi Village, Surakarta. This study aimed to review community participation in Sanitation Kampung Program, Semanggi Village.Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study conducted at RW 23, Semanggi Village, Pasar Kliwon subdistrict, Surakarta, Central Java. Informants were selected purposively for this study comprising 12 community members as key informants, 2 community leaders, head of Sanitation Kampung Program, and 1 environmental health expert as supporting informants, The data were collected by in-depth interview, focus group discussion, and document review. Data credibility was checked by triangulation. The data were analyzed by content analysis.  Results: At the beginning of Sanitation Kampung Program planning there were some pros and cons from the community. Some of the community accepted the program but some others refused it due to negative perception that Sanitation Kampung Program would cause bad smell and pollute well water. In order to overcome community refusal toward Sanitation Kampung Program, IUWASH, Surakarta municipality government, and community leaders, carried out socialization, community approach, and study tour to other places. In the end, the community accepted Sanitation Kampung Program. Community members participated the program by providing support for water and sanitation facility development. Community members made use of the water and sanitation facility for daily activities. They also maintained the water and sanitation facility.Conclusion: By developing good and trustable collaboration, community participate in Sanitation Kampung Program from planning, developing, using,  and maintenance of the water and sanitation facility.Keywords: water, sanitation, community, participation, programCorrespondence: Anak Agung Alit Kirti Estuti Narendra Putri. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: kirtiestuti@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285643231616.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(3): 257-271https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.03.06
Health Belief Model for the Analysis of Factors Affecting Hypertension Preventive Behavior among Adolescents in Surakarta Puspita, Rumeyda Chitra; Tamtomo, Didik; Indarto, Dono
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Hypertension is an important public health issue in developed and developing countries. The incidence of hypertension continues to rise to a serious level. Raising awareness of the seriousness of hypertension among peer groups may be an important factor for preventive health behavior. This study aimed to examine the used of health belief model for the analysis of factors affecting hypertension preventive behavior among adolescents.Subjects and Method: This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. It was conducted at 5 Vocational High Schools (SMK) in Surakarta from April to May, 2017. A sample of 200 class X and XI SMK students aged 15-17 years was selected for this study by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension  preventive behavior. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self efficacy, with perceived threat as a mediating variable. The data were collected by a set of pre-tested questionnaire. Path analysis was employed for data analysis using SPSS AMOS 22.Results: Perceived threat (b=0.24, SE=0.07, p=0.002), perceived benefit (b=0.24, SE=0.10, p=0.021), self efficacy (b=0.40, SE=0.23, p=0.084), and cues to action (b=0.45, SE=0.15, p=0.003) showed direct positive effects on hypertension preventive behavior. Perceived barrier (b=-0.26, SE=0.10, p=0.015) showed direct negative effect on hypertension preventive behavior. Perceived susceptibility (b= 0.27, SE= 0.09, p=0.005), perceived seriousness (b=0.29, SE=0.09, p<0.001), and cues to action  (b=0.34, SE=0.13, p=0.008) showed indirect positive effects on hypertension preventive behavior.Conclusion: Hypertension preventive behavior is positively and directly affected by perceived threat, perceived benefit, self, and cues to action. The preventive behavior is negatively and directly affected by perceived barrier. Perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and cues to action indirectly and positively affect on hypertension preventive behavior.Keywords: health belief model, hypertension, preventive behavior, adolescentsCorrespondence: Rumeyda Chitra Puspita. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: rumeydacp@gmail.com. Mobile: +6287736044472.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(2): 183-196https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.02.08
Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Adi Prayitno Afdhaliya, Noor Khalwati Agus Kristiyanto Ahmad Hamim Sadewa Akbar, Muh. Syaiful Ali Djamhuri Ambar Mudigdo Amilia Yuni Damayanti Andina, Puri Dwi Argyo Demartoto, Argyo Arta Farmawati Avelia, Annisa Ayusari, Amelya Augusthina Azizah, Shofura Badri, Baarizah Febriana Balgis Balgis Bambang Purwanto Bhisma Murti Brian Wasita Budianto, Pepi Budiyanti Wiboworini Budiyanti, Novita Damayanti, Ana Dea Linia Romadhoni Diah Kurnia Mirawati Didik Gunawan Tamtomo Didik T Subekti Didik Tamtomo, Didik Diyantana, Wawan Dwi Rahayu Endang Sutisna Sulaeman Ernawati Ernawati Fajar Alam Putra, Fajar Alam Fara Ayu Febyawati, Hani Firdaus, Jihan Fitriana Fitriana Gilang Akbar Shobirin Hambarsari, Yetty Hamidi, Baarid Luqman Hartono Hartono Hastami, Yunia Hastuti, Nunik Maya Hermanu Joebagio Herviana, Herviana Hutabarat, Ervina Arta Jayanti Ida Ayu Putu Sri Widnyani Ida Nurwati Inayati Inayati Irma Isnafia Arief Isfaizah Jatmiko Susilo Kezia Elian Devina Kurniagung, Philipus Prihantiko Kusnandar, K Kusumadewi Eka Damayanti Laksana, Budi Liana, Gladya Lady Lilik Wijayanti Mahendra Wijaya Maryati, Warsi Mashuri, Yusuf Ari Muchsin Doewes Muhammad, Faizal Nasrullah, Adam Haviyan Ningrum, Sri Setiyo NINGRUM, TYAS SARI RATNA Nor Istiqomah Nugroho, Anung N. Nunuk Suryani Nurfitria, Fadhila Balqis Nurinasari, Hafi Nurochim, Erna Pamungkasari, Eti P. Paramasari Dirgahayu Perdana, Muhammad Vidi Pesik, Riza N. Prabaningtyas, Hanindia Riani Prahesti, Ratna Prasetyaningsih, Roh Hastuti Pratiwi, Ayudhia Purnama, Siswanta Jaka Purwaningsih, Yustina Puspita, Rumeyda Chitra Putri, Anak Agung Alit Kirti Estuti Narendra Putri, Risma Aliviani Putri, Widya Kaharani Rahardjo, Setyo Sri Rahardjo, Setyo Sri Retiyansa, Yesi Retiyansa, Yesi Ristinawati, Ira Risya Cilmiaty, Risya Rivan Danuaji Riza Novierta Pesik RUBEN DHARMAWAN Sajidan Sari, Septi Ayu Arum Yuspita Satriani, Hayu Andita Selfi Handayani Sena, Anantha Setyaningrum, Th. Catur Wulan Shanti Listyawati Soetrisno Soetrisno Soetrisno Sri Sulistyowati Sugiarto S Sundari, Isti SUROTO SURYAWATI, BETTY Susanti, Rahmah Purwaningsih Febri Suselo, Yuliana Heri Suselo, Yuliana Heri Susilawati, Eva Tedjo, Raden Andi Ario Tejomukti, Teddy Thesman, Inggrit Bela Tiyas, Dwi Wahyuning Tonang Dwi Ardyanto Tri Agustina, Tri Tri Harsono Tri Nugraha Susilawati Ulfia, Mila Umarghanies, Sarah Safira Utami, Agustina Dwi Vitri Widyaningsih Vitria Sari Dewi Wahyuni, Ardianti Wardhani, Lusi Oka Widiasih, Ghina Widyanti, Fera Wijayanti, Poppy Wulandari, R. AJ. Sri Wulandari, RAJ Sri Yarso, Kristanto Y. Yatty Destani Sandy Yudhani, Ratih D. yulia lanti retno dewi Yuliana Heri Soesilo Yusrizal, Mirza