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Ismaidar I, Ismaidar
Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi
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Journal : Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities

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The Position of Customary Criminal Law in The Development of The Legal System in Indonesia Based on The Criminal Code Number 1 Of 2023 Telaumbanua, Servasius Edwin; Ismaidar, Ismaidar; Ramadani, Suci
Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities Vol 5, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/jrssh.v5i3.463

Abstract

Customary Criminal Law (Hukum Pidana Adat) is an unwritten legal system that has long existed within indigenous communities and focuses on restoring social balance. Its existence has historically occupied a position of legal ambiguity, as it was not formally recognized in the old Penal Code (Wetboek van Strafrecht), which led to normative conflicts and legal uncertainty in practice. However, the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Penal Code (KUHP) marks a significant milestone by recognizing the concept of living law (law that lives within society) as part of positive criminal law. This study aims to analyze the position and role of Customary Criminal Law following the implementation of the new Penal Code, focusing on two main aspects. First, it examines the position of Customary Criminal Law based on its norms and its implementation within the context of legal pluralism in Indonesia. Second, it explores the implications of the development of Customary Criminal Law within the national criminal law system, particularly in relation to the new Penal Code and the reforms of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). Using a normative juridical research method with legislative, conceptual, and case approaches, this study reviews various literature, court decisions, and dispute resolution practices in indigenous communities, including cases in Nias and Wamena. The results show that the recognition of living law in Articles 2 and 100 of Law Number 1 of 2023 provides formal legitimacy for Customary Criminal Law, transforming its status from mere social practice to a binding legal source.However, its implementation faces challenges, such as standardizing the process for proving the existence of customary law, ensuring the compatibility of customary sanctions with human rights principles, and harmonizing them with criminal procedural law. Therefore, clear technical regulations and synergy between law enforcement officials and customary institutions are required to establish an effective hybrid model, where restorative justice through customary law can be integrated with the state criminal justice system
Co-Authors , Rahul Ardian Fikri Agus Adhari Ali Sam'un Alimal Yusro Siregar Amartila, Luna Kendis Amos Harita Andi Gultom Andreas Nainggolan Andry Syafrizal Tanjung Angga Sahputra Sirait Annur, Rahmi Mailiza Ansori Maulana Anwar Ibrahim Aritonang, Timotius Arnovan Pratama Surbakti Asmarawati, Elly Asmawiah Nainggolan August Saut Maringan Sihombing Azhali Siregar Azhar AR Azhar. AR Bahirra, Aruf Batubara, Muhammad Miftahur Rizki Berlian Evi Yenni Pakpahan Bonar Yudhistira Bonari Tua Silalahi Br Barus, Mika Vinsensia Br. Barus, Juita Novalia Bukit, Efraim Abigail Chairuni Nasution Christine Natalia Pangaribuan Dalimunthe, Wirandi Daniel Edward Hernando Situmorang Denny Prabowo Dewi, Fatia Sari Efendi Rangkuti, Ewin Efermin Gulo Efraim Abigail Bukit Elisabeth Saragih Erwin Efendi Rangkuti Fadillah Aditya Pratama Fadillah Aditya Prtama Firman Halawa Gemilang, Gilang Gulo, Efermin Habeahan, Delianto Haharap, Rizki Nanda Fauzi Hairi Putra, Azfar Hamdi Armaoyuda, Ihsan Hanafian, Hanafian Harahap, M. Emirsyah Hussein Haris Putra Utama Limbong Hartama, Hartama Harun Firman Kurniansyah Hasibuan, Helviana Hasibuan, Ongku Sapna Fella Heru Suhendro Hutabarat, Samuel Ibrahim Ibrahim Irfan Rizky Pradya Ismed Jesslyn Elisandra Harefa Joko Christopher Samosir Jona Wira Karya Kasim Kasim Kevin Maisyan Rizaldi Mendrofa Krismanto Manurung Lasma Sinambela Lidya Rahmadani Hasibuan, Lidya Rahmadani Lindawati Br Surbakti M. Luqmannul Hakim Siregar Majidah Pohan Mangara Hutagalung Manihuruk, Yani Indah Sari Marice Simarmata Meliala, Nugraha Manuella MHD AZHALI Siregar Mhd. Ihwanuddin Hasibuan Muhamad ilham Muhammad Aldin Muhammad Arif Sahlepi Muhammad Daud Tarigan Muhammad Faiz Hadi Muhammad Mujahidin Za Muhammad safar Muhammad Safar Mula Sihombing Mus Mulyadi Musmulyadi Musmulyadi Nasution, Sudarno Hariadi Netty br Siahaan Netty BR. Siahaan Nugraha Manuella Meliala Nurdiana, Citra Ongku Sapna Fella Hasibuan Pakpahan, Andika Kelvin Franata Panenggaran, Nuke PERMAI YUDI Prabowo, Deny Putriani Nduru Rahmah Hayati Sinaga Rahmayanti Rahmayanti Rahmayanti Rahmayanti Raja arsyadil fiqry siregar Ramadani, Suci Restika Ndruru Rhea Ditya Aulawi Rifki, Mhd. Rifqi Fairuz Ula Risdawati, Irsyam Riza Sirait Robby Yusuf S Sembiring Roland Sahat Uli Banjarnahor Rudi Salam Tarigan Safar, Muhammad Sahlepi , Muhammad Arif Sahlepi, Muhammad Arif Saputra, Defri Dwi Saragih, Elisabeth Saragih, Romy Rohadi Sayaharani, Nabilah Sembiring , Tamaulina Br. Sembiring, Tamaulina Br. Servasius Edwin Telaumbanua Sihite, Ireny Natalia Putri Sihombing, Yossri Mantaw Silaen, Reinhard Mark Luhut Sinaga, Rahmah Hayati Sinambela, Lasma Sindi Aulia sinergilp, T Riza Zarzani sinergilp, Zufarnesia Sirait, Abdur Rahman Siregar, Azhali Siti Annisa, Siti Sitorus, Deskia Renata Suci Ramadani Sukardi Sukardi Sulaiman Sumarno Sumarno . Suramin Suramin Suramin, Suramin Surbakti, Arnovan Pratama Susanti, Rulita Suwirza, Eka Syaharani, Nabilah Syahranuddin, Syahranuddin T. Ikhsan Ansyari Husny Tamaulina Br Sembiring Tamaulina Br. Sembiring Tamaulina Br.Sembiring Tamaulina Tamaulina Tamulina Br. Sembiring Telaumbanua, Servasius Edwin Tengku Muhammad Reza Fikri Dharmawan Tengku Riza Zarzani Tengku Riza Zarzani N Welli Nirpa Pasaribu Wida Azlina Wildan Fahriza Wirandi Dalimunthe Yasmirah Mandasari Saragih Yoldy Israq Yossri Mantaw Sihombing Yudhistira, Bonar Yulia Christy Shintara Aruan YUSUF AFANDI, MUHAMMAD Zahra Syavica Zahrana Syavica Zakiy, Alfathin Zendrato, Ferawati Zeno Eronu Zalukhu Zulkarnain, Rifa