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All Journal Al-Ulum Intizar LAW REVIEW JURNAL IQRA´ ARISTO Abdimas Dewantara Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Jurnal Ilmu Hukum The Juris Jurnal Yuridis Otentik's : Jurnal Hukum Kenotariatan Selisik : Jurnal Hukum dan Bisnis Syntax Idea Jurnal Medika Hutama Enrichment : Journal of Management Science Midwifery Attractive : Innovative Education Journal Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences LEGAL BRIEF Journal of Holistic and Traditional Medicine (JHTM) JOELS: Journal of Election and Leadership Jurnal Alwatzikhoebillah : Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Ekonomi, Humaniora Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi Devotion: Journal of Research and Community Service Jurnal Studi Islam Lintas Negara (Journal of Cross-Border Islamic Studies) Berajah Journal International Journal of Social Service and Research Cendikia : Media Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal) Bulletin of Community Engagement Sibatik Journal : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan International Journal of Social Science, Education, Communication and Economics Jurnal Locus Penelitian dan Pengabdian Jurnal DIALEKTIKA : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Siwayang Journal: Publikasi Ilmiah Bidang Pariwisata, Kebudayaan, dan Antropologi Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review (JILPR) Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah Publikasi Ilmiah Bidang Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (SIKEMAS) Berdikari : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities J-ABDIPAMAS (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Borneo : Journal of Islamic Studies Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Indonesia Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Cross-border Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam IIJSE Cross-Border Journal of Business Management Journal of Innovative and Creativity MARAS : Jurnal Penelitian Multidisplin Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Jurnal Intelek Dan Cendikiawan Nusantara YUDHISTIRA : Jurnal Yurisprudensi, Hukum dan Peradilan SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration Presidensial: Jurnal Hukum, Administrasi Negara, Dan Kebijakan Publik Referendum Demokrasi: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, Sosial dan Politik Federalisme : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Ilmu Komunikasi Mahkamah: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Kebijakan Publik Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Majelis: Jurnal Hukum Indonesia IPSSJ Journal of Islamic Economic Laws Prosiding Seminar Nasional Indonesia Doktrin: Jurnal Dunia Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Deposisi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Hukum CAPITALIS (JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND BUSINESS (INJOSS) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS (INJOSER) International Journal of Teaching and Learning (INJOTEL) Jurnal Administrasi Negara Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis, Manajemen dan Akuntansi (JEBIMAN) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE (INJOLE) BORJUIS (JURNAL OF ECONOMY) Jurnal Kesehatan (JK) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS (IJEFE) Jurnal Salome (Multidisipliner Keilmuan) International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU) JUTEQ (JURNAL TEOLOGI & TAFSIR) NETIZEN (JOURNAL OF SOCIETY AND BUSSINESS) ZAHRA (JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH) Journal of Community Dedication Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE) Journal of Law and Nation Humanitis (Jurnal Humaniora Sosial dan Bisnis) Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis (Jebi) Jurnal Komunikasi Review of International Economy and finance (RITEF)
Gunawan Widjaja
Faculty Of Law Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, Indonesia
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Astronomy Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM KONSUMEN DALAM PEREDARAN OBAT, ALAT KESEHATAN, DAN MAKANAN DI INDONESIA: KAJIAN PUSTAKA Gunawan Widjaja; Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat
NETIZEN: JOURNAL OF SOCIETY AND BUSSINESS Vol. 2 No. 12 (2026): NETIZEN (JOURNAL OF SOCIETY AND BUSSINESS)
Publisher : CV. ADIBA AISHA AMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23905130

Abstract

Legal protection for consumers in the distribution of medicines, medical devices and food constitutes the state’s efforts to guarantee consumers’ rights to security, comfort, safety, and accurate and honest information. Health products pose a high risk if they are produced, distributed or marketed without meeting standards of safety, efficacy or benefit, and quality. This study aims to analyse the forms of consumer legal protection, as well as the role of regulation and supervision in ensuring safety and consumer rights in the distribution of medicines, medical devices and food in Indonesia. The method used is a literature review employing a normative legal approach. The results of the study indicate that consumer legal protection is realised through two main forms, namely preventive protection and repressive protection. Preventive protection is carried out through the issuance of marketing authorisations, the evaluation of safety, efficacy or benefit, and quality; the supervision of good manufacturing practices; labelling; and the regulation of promotions to prevent misleading claims. Repressive protection, on the other hand, is carried out through post-market surveillance, product sampling and testing, product recalls, the revocation of marketing authorisations, administrative sanctions, and the enforcement of business operators’ liability. The Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM) plays a central role in carrying out registration, issuing marketing authorisations, pre- and post-market surveillance, intelligence gathering, investigations, and the prosecution of violations. The Ministry of Health also plays a role in the supervision and regulation of pharmaceutical products and medical devices to ensure they meet the standards and requirements set out in legislation. The main challenges to consumer protection at present are the proliferation of illegal medicines, counterfeit products, high-risk foodstuffs, and the circulation of products via e-commerce channels that have not yet been fully verified. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen regulations, enhance cross-sectoral supervision, educate the public, ensure transparency of product information, and enforce strict sanctions. Synergy between the government, the BPOM, the Ministry of Health, business operators, digital platforms and consumers is key to achieving effective legal protection in the distribution of medicines, medical devices and food in Indonesia.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PESERTA JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL DALAM SISTEM PEMBIAYAAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA: KAJIAN PUSTAKA Gunawan Widjaja; Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat
NETIZEN: JOURNAL OF SOCIETY AND BUSSINESS Vol. 2 No. 12 (2026): NETIZEN (JOURNAL OF SOCIETY AND BUSSINESS)
Publisher : CV. ADIBA AISHA AMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23905139

Abstract

Legal protection for participants in the National Health Insurance (JKN) scheme is a crucial aspect in ensuring that the healthcare financing system not only guarantees the programme’s sustainability but also supports the fulfilment of participants’ rights. This study aims to analyse the regulations and forms of legal protection for JKN participants, as well as to identify issues regarding their implementation and efforts to strengthen them within Indonesia’s healthcare financing system. The method employed was a literature review using a normative legal approach, involving an examination of legislation, academic articles and relevant official documents. The findings indicate that legal protection for participants encompasses certainty of benefits, the allocation of financing responsibilities, the management of social security funds, the provision of information, and mechanisms for complaints and dispute resolution. Preventive protection is realised through transparency of information, clarity of procedures, and oversight, whilst repressive protection is implemented through the handling of complaints, mediation, and dispute resolution channels in accordance with the relevant authorities’ powers. Its implementation still faces obstacles such as barriers to accessing services, issues regarding active participation, uncertainty regarding cost coverage, limited availability of services, and sub-optimal follow-up on complaints. This study concludes that strengthening legal protection requires the harmonisation of regulations and implementation, increased transparency in financing, improvements to enrolment data, and accountable oversight and complaint handling. The sustainability of financing must go hand in hand with certainty regarding benefits and equitable access to services for participants.
Rekonstruksi Pertanggungjawaban Pidana atas Kejahatan Berbasis Kecerdasan Artifisial dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia Shanti Dewi Ambarwati; Gunawan Widjaja
Deposisi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Hukum Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): September: Deposisi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/deposisi.v4i3.6615

Abstract

  The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed various aspects of human life while simultaneously creating new forms of criminal conduct that challenge the traditional principles of criminal liability under Indonesian law. This study aims to analyze the adequacy of the existing Indonesian criminal law framework in addressing AI-based crimes and to reconstruct an appropriate model of criminal liability capable of responding to the legal complexities arising from the use of AI. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches through the analysis of legislation, legal doctrines, and selected international regulatory frameworks. The findings reveal that Indonesian criminal law has not yet explicitly regulated criminal liability for AI-based crimes, resulting in legal uncertainty regarding the responsibility of AI users, developers, corporations, and digital platform providers. The study further proposes a reconstructed criminal liability model based on the principles of fault, foreseeability, and corporate accountability to ensure legal certainty and effective law enforcement in the era of artificial intelligence. It concludes that reforming Indonesia's criminal law is essential to establish a comprehensive and adaptive framework for criminal liability that balances technological innovation with legal protection and public interests.
Kebijakan Pajak dalam Indonesia Coretax : Studi Perbandingan dengan Sistem Perpajakan di Malaysia Gunawan Widjaja; Songga Aurora Abadi; Mervyn Mervyn
Mahkamah : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): July : Mahkamah : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/mahkamah.v2i3.965

Abstract

Taxation contributes to national development, and Indonesia has responded to global dynamics by introducing Indonesia Core Tax, a digital system designed to improve tax transparency and compliance. Although Indonesia has adopted various digital systems such as e-Faktur and e-Invoicing, it still faces implementation challenges, while Malaysia is more advanced with its integrated and phased API-based e-Invois system. This study examines taxation policy within the framework of Indonesia Core Tax, focusing on the legal aspects of e-Invoicing implementation as part of the digital transformation of tax administration. The analysis covers the hierarchy and functions of legislation, from laws and regulations to Minister of Finance regulations (PMK) and technical regulations of the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP). This study uses a normative legal research method with a legislative approach and a comparative approach to compare Indonesia's digital taxation system with Malaysia's, covering legal structure, legal substance, and legal culture. The results of the study show that although Indonesia has a fairly complete digital legal framework, the implementation of the e-Invoicing system still faces challenges in terms of regulatory consistency and technological readiness. In contrast, Malaysia has already implemented a mandatory and centralized API-based e-Invoice system through a clearance model approach. This study recommends harmonizing digitalization policies in taxation and strengthening the legal system as strategic steps toward more effective and adaptive tax administration.
Co-Authors Aat Ruchiat Nugraha Abadi, Songga Aurora Abd. Basir Abdul Samad Arief Abdul Wahab Syakhrani Abdur Rahman Achmad Fazrin Adi Rumanto Waruwu Aditya Sanjaya Adrian Bima Putra Affandi Affandi Agus Supriyanto Agus Supriyanto Agustinus Nugroho Jati Aisyah, Shyavara Alam Anbari Anastasia Prestika Andina Rahmayani Andreani Dewanto Andreas Harry Andreas Harry Anggia Az Zahra Anindita Widyapradnya Annas Tasya N.A Annas Tasya N.A, Annisa Rachmawati, Dsk Putu Ayu L.A, Khaerunnisa Ade P., Muhammad Fachri, Pradita Ajeng S.A Annisa Purwo Hastuti Annisa Rachmawati Ari Rahmat Elsad Arif Rahman Baihaqi Arman Harahap Asep Saepullah Aslan Aslan Aslan Aslan Aswan Athalia Christine L Ayu Miya Maryani B.M.A.S. Anaconda Bangkara Basuki Rekso Wibowo Bintan R. Saragih Brian Matthew Budi Suranto Bangun Cecep Suhardiman Cecep Suhardiman Cecep Suhardiman Cesarianti, Fransiska Milenia Chairunnissa Chairunnissa Christiawan, Rio Christina Herawati G Damun, Damun Danang Rahmat Surono Daniel Hagana Bangun Dave Advitama Dave Advitama Delia Bazlina Deny Wicaksono, Deny Dhanudibroto, Handojo Dheas Syahreza Muslim Diana ., Diana Diana Laila Ramatillah Dimas Tripraditiya Dipo Pramudito Dipo Pramudito Dsk Putu Ayu L.A Dumilah Ayuningtyas Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Ekasari, Silvia Ekha Sri Sugiarti Elisabeth Purnama Massang Enna Budiman Enna Budiman Ersita Yustanti, Dyah Fachrurazi Farika Nikmah Farrel Abiyu Ramadhana Fitra Sri Rahayu Grace Riana Gregorius Fabius Caesar Niki H. Deni Salahuddin Hadenan Towpek Hadenan Towpek Halim , Adriansyah Handojo Dhanudibroto Handojo Dhanudibroto Handojo Dhanudibroto Handojo Dhanudibroto Hanifa Muslimah, Rifa’at Hansel Kalama Hardijan Rusli, Hardijan Harry, Andreas Hendra . Hendrawan Hendrawan Hendriarto, Prasetyono Heri Kustanto Hernita Hernita Hernita Hotma P. Sibuea Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Ita Nurcholifah Iyad Abdallah Al- Shreifeen Iyad Abdallah Al-Shreifeen Jahidin Kuswanto Januar Agung Saputera Jeisika Laurens Jessica Francis Gunawan Jestin Justian Juliana, Juliana Junior B. Gregorius Karunia Ilham Karim Kevin Neil McVey Khaerunnisa Ade P. Khairul Nizam bin Zainal Badri Khalimi Khalimi Khalimi Lalu Syaifudin Lidya Cristy S Lisno Setiawan Loso Judijanto M Reydhi Suwanda M Ruswan Talaohu M. Hafiz Aini M. Zahari Mahmudin, Tono Mailinda, Nur Martedjo, Wagiman Martin Maurer M.Marpaung Megasari Sijabat, Fittry Mellisa Efiyanti Mellisa Efiyanti Melyana Melyana Mervyn Mervyn Michael Alfonsus Michael Matthew Michelle Angelika S Mika Anabelle Miya Maryani, Ayu Moch. Isra Hajiri Mochammad Roufal Moh. Imam Ishomuddin Zuhri Mohammad Ahmad Bani Amer Monica Monica Mowafg Abrahem Masuwd Muhammad Anas Ma`arif Muhammad Fachri Muhammad Ikhwan Muhammad Ikhwan Muhammad Nagieb Muhammad Naufal Arifiyanto Muhammad Rayyan Firdaus Muthia Rachman Nadila Citra Aprilia Ni Nyoman Ari Triantari Nini Putri Wijaya, Nini Putri Nofianty Helyo Novan Dzaky Pangestu Novi Puji Lestari Novi Rizky Ramadhani Novi Rizky Ramadhani Nur Ulfa Maulida Nurwita, Nurwita Oggy Satya Tambunan Olivia Pauline Hartanti Poetranto, Soeryo Pradita Ajeng S.A Puguh Triwibowo Puji Hastuti Rafa Zahirah Husein Rahadian Bayu Anggoro Rahardja, Tony Rahmat Nasution Raissa Arlyn Manikam Rajes Khana Ramdan Yusuf Renaldi Immanuel Panggabean Renaldi Immanuel Panggabean Retnaningtyas Insyira Retnaningtyas Insyira, Anggia Az Zahra, Nadila Citra Aprilia, Chairunnissa, Muhammad Rayyan Firdaus, Novan Dzaky Pangestu Reza Sutrianingtyas Rahayu Rianti Nurul Oktavia Rif'ah Rif'ah Rifa’at Hanifa Muslimah Rio Christiawan Rio Johan Putra Ririn Nurhidayanti Rizka Anindya Manjayani Rizky Yosa Adhi Prabowo Robby Sulivan, Robby Robert Iskandar Rumanto Waruwu, Adi Salmon Sihite Salsa Rizkya Samsuto, Samsuto Sanchita Bhattacharya Santika Santika Sarah Ramadona Sardjana Orba Manullang Savira Lovianda Gunawan Sendi Sanjaya Sendi Sanjaya SH Septy Kusuma Septy Kusuma, Arif Rahman Baihaqi, M Ruswan Talaohu, Santika, Sarah Ramadona, Salsa Rizkya Shanti Dewi Ambarwati Shanti Dewi Ambarwati Shella Felicia Shohib MUSLIM Sihite, Salmon Silalahi, Yohanes B O Siti Hafifa Marlinda Putri Siti Nur Azizah Siti Nur Azizah Siti Rokayah Songga Aurora Abadi Songga Aurora Abadi Songga Aurora Abadi Songga Aurora Abadi Sri Sugiarti, Ekha Sudrajat, Maman Sukh Pawen Jit Kaur Sunnah, Sunnah Syavitri Ramadhani Sylvana, Yana Tahir, Usman Tamrin Tamrin Tanti Herawati Taufik Rahman Taupik Alpiyandi Theresia Vena Tiwi Siftiyani Rosidah Tony Rahardja Towpek, Hadenan Usman Tahir Viony Kresna Sumantri Vivin Caronia Wagiman WAGIMAN Wagiman Wagiman . Wagiman Martedjo Wagiman Wagiman WAHYUDI Wibowo Laksono Widodo Wibowo, Basuki Rekso Widjaja, Liza Wijaya, Hanna Wirawan, Vani Yana Sylvana Yohanes Firmansyah Yuli Supriani Yuri Anggi Yustinus Lambang Setyo Putro Yustinus Rurie Wirawan Yusuf, Ramdan Zainal Arifin